ASTM C1218 C1218M-2015 Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete《灰浆和混凝土中水溶性氯化物的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1218/C1218M 99 (Reapproved 2008)C1218/C1218M 15Standard Test Method forWater-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1218/C1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case

2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cemen

3、t mortar or concrete for chloride thatis water soluble under the conditions of test.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotesshall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI

4、units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address

5、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C42/C42M Test Method

6、 for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Const

7、ructionsC1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers3. Significance and Use3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when pres

8、ent in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the corrosionof metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its determination shallbe required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing s

9、uch reactions or to investigate cement systems where suchreaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time inthe life of a cement system is capable of being substantially different than that at another time; for example, the

10、serviceenvironment is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lower one due toleaching.3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results fromthis test method with those f

11、rom other test methods.3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cementscontain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatmentwith hydrogen peroxide, a

12、s discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69 onMiscellaneous Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008July 1, 20

13、15. Published January 2008August 2015. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 19992008 asC1218/C1218M 99.C1218/C1218M 99 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/C1218_C1218M-99R08.10.1520/C1218_C1218M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custome

14、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the p

15、revious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of

16、Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of thistest m

17、ethod.34. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Equipment:4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by coring or sawing is described in Test Method C42/C42M.4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling (pulverization):4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill andor drill orwith pulverizing bits.4.1.2.2 Spo

18、on or other suitable means to collect without contamination pulverized sample material produced by drilling.4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples in an uncontaminated state.4.2 Sample Processing ApparatusThe apparatus required for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitabi

19、lity for thepurposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a concrete saw and one or more pulverizers.4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm 1 in. in maximum dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or broken intosmaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid loss of smaller pieces.

20、4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm 1 in. in maximum dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by using adisc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.4.2.3 The 850-m No. 20 sieve shall comply with Specification E11.4.3 The

21、apparatus required for the chloride determination step is given as the reference test method for chloride in Test MethodsC114.4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles for use as described in 7.1.5. Reagents5.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination are given in the refe

22、rence test method for chloride of Test MethodsC114.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of the investigation (Note 1).NOTE 1Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregate in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be morerepresentative of a

23、much larger volume of mortar than would an equivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C823 may be used as a guide for sampling.6.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M unless otherwise specified (Note 2):NOTE 2Concrete cores taken in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M

24、 may be cut longitudinally to provide a 12-mm 12-in. thick sectiongenerally representative of the core, or cut laterally into 12-mm 12-in. thick discs representative of the concrete core at various depths. Experience hasshown that the cooling water from core cutting will not dissolve a significant a

25、mount of the chloride.6.1.2 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impact drill is frequently useful in determining chloride concentration withdepth in bridge decks and pavements. When the nominal maximum coarse aggregate size is 25 mm 1 in. or more such samplesare unrepresentative. The data

26、must be used with care or several samples combined. Procedures for this method of sampling areas follows:6.1.2.1 Using the rotary impact drill, drill perpendicular to the concrete surface or parallel to the axis of a cored specimen toa specified depth or a depth sufficient to obtain a representative

27、 sample of at least 20 g of powdered material. To prevent samplecontamination, avoid contact of sample with hands and other sources of perspiration. Clean all sampling tools prior to eachsampling operation (Note 3). Do not use lubricants during drilling.NOTE 3Sampling tools may be cleaned with a bru

28、sh, cloth, ethyl alcohol rinse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate the sample.6.1.2.2 Transfer powdered sample into the sample container using a spoon or other suitable means.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass a 850-m No. 20 sieve.Tho

29、roughly blend the material by transferringit from one glazed paper to another at least ten times.8. Procedure8.1 Select a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g. Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a 250-mLbeaker. Add 50 6 1 mL of reagent water meeting Specification D1193, c

30、over with a watch glass, bring to a boil and boil for 5min. Allow to stand 24 h. Filter by gravity or suction through a fine-texture, Type II, Class G filter paper of Specification E832.3 For more information see “The Determination of the Chloride Content of Concrete,” by Brian B. Hope, JohnA. Page

31、and John S. Poland, Cement and Concrete Research,Volume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September 1985, pp. 863870.C1218/C1218M 152Transfer the filtrate to a 250-mL beaker. Add 3 6 0.1 mL of (1:1) nitric acid and add 3 6 0.1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (30 %solution) to the filtrate. Cover the b

32、eaker with a watch glass and allow to stand for 1 to 2 min. Heat the covered beaker rapidlyto boiling. Do not allow to boil for more than a few seconds. Remove from hot plate (Note 4). Proceed in accordance with thereference test method for chloride of Test Methods C114, starting with the procedure

33、that follows removal of the sample from thehot plate in Test Methods C114.NOTE 4It is important to keep the beaker covered during heating and digestion to prevent the loss of chloride by volatilization.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate percent chloride by mass of mortar or concrete, by the reference test

34、method for chloride given in Test MethodsC114.9.2 Other useful measures of chloride concentration can be obtained as follows:9.2.1 For calculating kilograms of chloride per cubic meter pounds of chloride per cubic yard of concrete, multiply percentchloride by D1/100 or D2/100,where:D1 = oven-dry den

35、sity as determined in the section on Concrete Density in Test Method C1084, kg/m3 lb/yd3.D2 = saturated-surface-dry density as determined in the section on Concrete Density in Test Method C1084, kg/m3 lb/yd3.The report must state which density is used in the calculation.9.2.2 For calculating percent

36、 chloride by mass of cement, multiply percent chloride by 100/P,where:P = percent cement by mass in the mortar or concrete, as known or determined in accordance with Test Method C1084.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision4This precision statement is based on samples passing a 600-m No. 30 sieve inste

37、ad of an 850-m No. 20sieve and on a 1 min boil instead of a 5 min boil.NOTE 5It is the opinion of the committee that this difference in procedure should not significantly influence the precision beyond what is presentedhere.10.1.1 The single-laboratory standard deviation has been found to be 0.0013

38、% chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.5Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in the same laboratory on the same material are not expected to differ by morethan 0.0037 %.10.1.2 The multilaboratory standard deviation has been found to be 0.0037 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.

39、5Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests from two different laboratories on samples of the same material are not expectedto differ by more than 0.0106 %.5 (Note 6).NOTE 6This precision statement applies to tests of samples prepared and ground by a single laboratory. Test results of concre

40、te construction will varydepending upon the method of obtaining the sample and the size of the sample before it is crushed and reduced to pass the 850-m No. 20 sieve orpulverized.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias because the value of water-soluble chloride is defined by theproce

41、dure.11. Keywords11.1 chloride; chloride content; concrete; mortar; water-soluble chlorideSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1218/C1218M99 (2008) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2015.)(1)

42、4.1.2.1 was updated.4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1003.5 These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in Practice C670.C1218/C1218M 153ASTM International takes no position

43、 respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.T

44、his standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Int

45、ernational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown

46、 below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 154