ASTM B254-1992(2014) Standard Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel《不锈钢的制备和电镀的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: B254 92 (Reapproved 2014) Endorsed by AmericanElectroplaters SocietyEndorsed by National Associa-tion of Metal FinishersStandard Practice forPreparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B254; the number immediately following th
2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for
3、use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Various metals are electrodeposited on stainless steel forcolor matching, lubrication during cold heading, spring-coilingand wire-drawing operations, reduction of scaling at hightemperatures, improvement of wettability (as in fountain pen
4、s),improvement of heat and electrical conductance, prevention ofgalling, jewelry decoration, and prevention of superficialrusting.1.2 This practice is presented as an aid to electroplaters andfinishing engineers, confronted with problems inherent in theelectrodeposition of metals on stainless steel.
5、 It is not astandardized procedure but a guide to the production of smoothadherent electrodeposits on stainless steel.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
6、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation ofStainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems3. Nature of Stainless Steel3.1 Because previous met
7、al treatment may have a morepronounced effect on the final finish when stainless steel isbeing electroplated, the metal finisher should become ac-quainted with the fabrication procedure, grade, and mill finishof the stainless steel with which he is working before outlininghis electrodeposition proce
8、dure (see Appendix X1).3.2 Stainless steel surfaces are normally resistant to a widevariety of corrosive elements. This property is the result of athin transparent film of oxides present on the surface. Becausethis film rapidly reforms after it has been stripped off orpenetrated, it protects stainle
9、ss steel against corrosion. Anadherent electrodeposit cannot be obtained over the oxide filmnormally present on stainless steel. However, once this film isremoved by surface activation and kept from reforming whilethe surface is covered with an electrodeposit, any of thecommonly electroplated metals
10、 may be electrodeposited suc-cessfully on stainless steel.3.3 Where the finished product is to be subjected to severeexposure, the deposit produced by the proposed electroplatingsequence should be tested under similar exposure conditionsbefore adoption, to determine whether the natural corrosionresi
11、stance of the stainless steel has been impaired by thepresence of the electrodeposit.4. Nature of Cleaning4.1 The preparation of stainless steel for electroplatinginvolves three basic steps in the following order:4.1.1 Removal of scale. If scale removal is necessary, one ofthe methods outlined in Ap
12、pendix X2 may be used (Note 1).See also Practice A380.4.1.2 Removal of oil, grease, or other foreign material bycleaning, and4.1.3 Activation immediately before electroplating.4.2 PrecleaningRemoval of fabricating lubricants andfinishing compounds from the stainless steel may have to beundertaken im
13、mediately following the fabrication or finishingoperation (Note 2).4.3 ElectrocleaningAnodic cleaning is generally preferred(Note 3).4.4 Metal LubricantsMetal lubricants such as copper,lead, or cadmium, applied to stainless steel wire for coldheading, wire drawing, or spring forming are removed by1T
14、his practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.02 onPre Treatment.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
15、 B25492(2009). DOI:10.1520/B0254-92R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1immersion in a solution of 200 mL of concentrated, 67 mass %,nitric acid (density 1.40 g/mL) diluted to 1 L at 50 to 60C. SeePractice A380.NOTE 1Oil, grease or other fabricating lubricants should be removedby
17、 cleaning before heat treating.NOTE 2Spray cleaning with a nozzle pressure of 200 to 400 kPa (30to 60 psi) in a power washer, using an alkaline or emulsion-type cleaner,is the generally preferred method, especially for the removal of heavydrawing, buffing, or polishing compounds. Soak cleaning or va
18、pordegreasing may also be used. Extreme examples of such compounds aredrawing or stamping lubricants containing unsaturated oils, which if lefton the surface, form by air-oxidation tenacious films that are very difficultto remove.NOTE 3When brightness is important, alkalinity, current density, andte
19、mperature should be kept as low as the part will permit. This is anessential requirement when cleaning work on racks bearing auxiliary leadanodes or when high chromium alloys (such as UNS Types S44200 andS44600) are being cleaned.5. Cleaning Solutions5.1 The types of solution control, electrodes, he
20、ating coils,and rinse tanks normally used for cleaning carbon steel aresatisfactory for stainless steel. Equipment previously used forthe cleaning or processing of carbon steel should not be used.See Practice A380.6. Racking6.1 The general principles of good racking as used inchromium electroplating
21、 processes apply. However, the highelectrical resistance of stainless steel requires rack constructionmethods that minimize potential contact problems and increasethe number of contact points.NOTE 4Because of the high electrical resistance of stainless steel,especially in fine-coiled wire articles s
22、uch as watch bands, chains, jewelry,etc., it is necessary to provide a larger number of contacts. As an example,a watch band 110 mm long made of 1.0-mm diameter wire has been foundto require at least three contacts.7. Activation7.1 After the cleaning operation and before the electroplat-ing operatio
23、n, the parts must be completely activated, that is,the thin transparent film of oxides must be removed from thesurface to be electroplated (Note 5). This film will reform if theparts are allowed to dry or are exposed to oxygen-containingsolutions. For this reason, the shortest interval practicablesh
24、ould elapse between the time the parts are removed from theactivating solution and covered by the electrodeposit, unless asimultaneous activation-electroplating procedure is used.NOTE 5The etching practice may be more severe for nondecorativeapplications than for decorative applications.7.2 The foll
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