ASTM A973 A973M-2001 Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain.pdf

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1、Designation: A 973/A 973M 01Standard Specification forGrade 100 Alloy Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 973/A 973M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloysteel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies,and load binding.NOTE

3、 1This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocketwheel applications.1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade100 chain used between 20 and 400F 29 and 205C. Thechain manufacturer should be contacted for use at temperaturesoutside this range.1.3 The values stated in ei

4、ther SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combiningvalues in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 29/A 29M Specification

5、for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-ments for2A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals3E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron4E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,Low

6、-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, andWrought Iron5E 415 Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel52.2 SAE Standard:SAE J422 Microscopic Determination of Inclusions inSteels63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This S

7、tandard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimumthe minimum force inpounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension. This test is a manufacturersattribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria

8、 forservice.3.1.2 lotfor the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of the samesize chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft1000 m, it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.3 proof testa quality control tensile test applied tochain for th

9、e purpose of verifying weld and material quality. Itis the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chainhas withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test inwhich a constantly increasing force has been applied in directtension to a straight length of chain. Proof test loads are amanuf

10、acturing integrity test and shall not be used as criteria forservice or design purposes.3.1.4 working load limit (WLL)the maximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall

11、be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A 973/A 973Mand date of issue,4.1.2 Nominal size of chain (in.

12、or mm),4.1.3 Quantity of chain (ft or m),4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.5 Finish, if required,4.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required,4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required,and4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if required.1This specification is under the jurisdicti

13、on of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originallypublished as A 973/A 973M-97. Last previous edition A 973/A 973M-00.2Annual Book of

14、ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Discontinued. See 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.4Discontinued. See 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.1*A Summa

15、ry of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Manufacturing5.1 Melting ProcessThe alloy steel shall be fully killedand have an austenitic grain size of five or finer.5.2 W

16、elding ProcessAlloy steel chain may be made by theelectric welding or gas welding process.5.3 Heat TreatmentAfter welding, alloy steel chain shallbe heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat treatmentshall include quenching and tempering as defined by Termi-nology A 919.6. Material Requireme

17、nts6.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection and amounts of the alloy-ing elements in the steel are left to the judgment of theindividual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets thefollowing criteria: carbon = 0.35 % max; phosphorous =0.025 % max; sulfur = 0.025 % max. The following elementsmust all be pre

18、sent in alloying amounts, nickel (0.40% min),chromium (0.40% min), and molybdenum (0.15% min). Thesteel shall have oxide and silicate inclusions of 4 or less asdetermined by SAE J422.6.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 6.1subjec

19、t to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A 29/A 29M. Test samples may be taken from rods,bars, or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so takenas to represent the full cross section of the specimen.6.3 Test Methods E 30, E 350, or E 415 shall be used forreferee purpo

20、ses.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain. Whenso tested it shall withstand these loads without loss of chainintegrity. Links or chain segments not withstanding the prooftest load shall be remo

21、ved from the chain.7.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 2. All chain shall be in the quenched andtempered condition before the breaking force is measured.7.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing

22、 machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Links engagedin the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or

23、larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.7.2.2 Test results shall meet or exceed the minimum break-ing force values given in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.7.3 Elongation:7.3.1 All chain must be in the quenched and temp

24、eredcondition before the elongation is measured.7.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 2.7.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage length(L0).7.3.4 Th

25、e elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength (DL) divided by the original gage length (L0). Theelongation may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $DL/L$0% % 3 100where:D

26、L = test specimen final length at fracture test speci-men original gage length (L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths ofthe test chain links, not counting the fixture links, oras determined in 7.3.3).7.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 20 %.7.4 One test for breaking str

27、ength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.8. Dimensional Requirements8.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.8.2 Diameter

28、The diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialTABLE 1 Grade 100 Alloy Chain Mechanical and Dimensional RequirementsNominal ChainSizeMaterial Diameter Working Load Limit(max)Proof Test (min) Minimum BreakingForceInside Length (max) Inside Width

29、 Rangein. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm732 5.5 0.217 5.5 2700 1220 5400 23.8 10 800 47.6 0.69 17.6 0.281 to 0.325 7.14 to 8.25932 7 0.276 7.0 4300 1950 8600 38.5 17 200 77 0.90 22.9 0.375 to 0.430 9.53 to 10.92516 8 0.315 8.0 5700 2600 11 400 51 22 800 102 1.04 26.4 0.430 to 0.500 10.92

30、to 12.7038 10 0.394 10.0 8800 4000 17 600 79 35 200 158 1.26 32.0 0.512 to 0.600 13.00 to 15.2012 13 0.512 13.0 15 000 6800 30 000 134 60 000 268 1.64 41.6 0.688 to 0.768 17.48 to 19.5058 16 0.630 16.0 22 600 10 300 45 200 201 90 400 402 2.02 51.2 0.812 to 0.945 20.63 to 24.0034 20 0.787 20.0 35 300

31、 16 000 70 600 315 141 200 630 2.52 64.0 0.984 to 1.18 25.0 to 30.078 22 0.866 22.0 42 700 19 400 85 400 381 170 800 762 2.77 70.4 1.08 to 1.30 27.5 to 33.0TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of ChainMinimum Number ofLinksin Test Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm b

32、ut lessthan34 in. 20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A 973/A 973M 012diameter listed in Table 1 within the following tolerance: 3 %.Oversized material may be used for all applications.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The chain at the time of shipment shall be free ofdiscontinuities that wou

33、ld prevent the chain from enduring theworking load limit forces.9.2 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orcoating of their own choice for identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.10. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to therequ

34、irements in 7.2.2, two additional test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements in 7.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirement

35、s fordimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the

36、purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the chainproduced is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-sarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspec-tion shall be made at the place o

37、f manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed upon.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the chain at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purchase

38、order or contract. Tests at the purchaserslaboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and

39、in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of any test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the testin 12.3, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing.14. Certification14.1 A manufacturers certification that

40、 the chain conformsto the ordered specification (including year or issue) shall befurnished when requested on the purchase order or contract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Prod

41、uct Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with indentedcharacters.15.2 Body chain links shall be marked for identificationpurposes at intervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 The embossing shall consist of at least the manufac-turers grade identification.15.4 The marking for Grade 100 sh

42、all be at least 10, 100, or1000, or any combination.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following Supplementary Requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchasing orderor contract.S1. Weld Bend TestS1.1 When specified by the purchaser in the order orcontract,

43、 each chain lot shall be subjected to the weld bend test.S2. Test RequirementsS2.1 Test EquipmentThe bend test equipment shall com-ply with the requirements shown in Fig. S1.1, where theV-Block angle shall be 90 and the diameter of the anvil shallbe approximately twice the diameter of the chain bein

44、g tested.S2.2 Test ProcedureA shock-free force is applied to thecenter of the link by the anvil and each single link shall bedeformed a distance of 0.8 times the diameter of the chain link.S2.3 Selection of SamplesSamples shall be tested fromeach lot and shall be in the final heat treated condition.

45、 Onesample per welding head shall be tested for all sizes.S2.4 Acceptance CriteriaThe link shall be examined aftertesting and shall be free of any visible defects such as cracks inthe area at and around the weld.S2.5 RetestsIf both original samples for58 in. 16 mmor smaller chain fail the weld bend

46、test, the lot is consideredrejected. If only one sample for the58 in. 16 mm and smallerchain fails, or the original sample for34 in. 20 mm or largerchain fails, two additional test samples from the same lot maybe tested. If both retests conform to the acceptance criteria inS2.4, the chain will be co

47、nsidered acceptable.A 973/A 973M 013SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since A 973/A 973M that mayimpact the use of this standard.(1) Revised Paragraphs 3.1.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 15.4.(2) Deleted Figs. 1 and 2.ASTM International takes no

48、position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsi

49、bility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair