ANSI UL 412-2011 UL Standard for Safety Refrigeration Unit Coolers (Fifth Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including January 9 2017)《制冷装置用冷却器安全标准》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 412 Refrigeration Unit Coolers STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHOR

2、IZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Refrigeration Unit Coolers, UL 412 Fifth Edition, Dated August 22, 2011 Summary of Topics This revision to ANSI/UL 412 includes the following changes in requirements: Addition Of Requirements For Remo

3、tely Operated Unit Coolers Update And Clarication of Controls Requirements; Add Alternate Protective Electronic Controls Requirements And Alternate Spacings Requirements Addition Of Reference To Across-The-Line Capacitor Standards Revisions To Refrigerant Requirements Text that has been changed in a

4、ny manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated October 28, 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

5、 in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warrantie

6、s of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL

7、or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indem

8、nify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. JANUARY 9, 2017 UL 412 tr1U

9、L COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 9, 2017 UL 412 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL AUGUST 22, 2011 (Title Page Reprinted: J

10、anuary 9, 2017) 1 UL 412 Standard for Refrigeration Unit Coolers First Edition April, 1979 Second Edition April, 1980 Third Edition September, 1993 Fourth Edition April, 2004 Fifth Edition August 22, 2011 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Fifth edition including revisions through Janu

11、ary 9, 2017. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 412 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on January 9, 2017. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, and Title Page. The Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted UL 412 on April 9, 1992. The publi

12、cation of revised pages or a new edition of this Standard will not invalidate the DoD adoption. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development

13、System (CSDS) at https:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. CO

14、PYRIGHT 2017 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 412-2017UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 9, 2017 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUC

15、TION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .6 2 General 6 2.1 Units of measurement .6 2.2 Undated reference 6 3 Glossary .6 4 Installation and Operating Instructions .9 CONSTRUCTION 5 Components 9 6 General .10 7 Gaskets and Seals .10 8 Nonmetallic Material Classic

16、ation .10 9 Nonmetallic Material Ignition Source Separation .10 10 Nonmetallic Material Application and Location 12 11 Assembly 13 11.1 Mechanical protection .13 11.2 Protection from live parts 16 11.3 Mounting of parts 19 12 Accessories 20 13 Cabinets and Enclosures 21 13.1 General .21 13.2 Doors a

17、nd covers 22 14 Barriers 24 15 Field-Supply Connections 24 15.1 General .24 15.2 Terminals .25 15.3 Leads .26 15.4 Grounding .27 16 Internal Wiring and Wiring Methods .27 17 Separation of Circuits .32 18 Bonding for Grounding 33 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS 19 Capacitors .35 20 Current-Carrying Parts .36A

18、21 Electric Defrost Heaters 36A 21.1 Heater elements 36A 21.2 Heater temperature limiting control .37 22 Insulating Material 37 23 Motors .38 24 Motor Overload Protection .40 24.1 General .40 24.2 Protection of single-phase motors 40 24.3 Protection of three-phase motors .43 25 Switches and Controll

19、ers 43 25A Remotely Operated Unit Coolers .44D JANUARY 9, 2017 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 26 Transformers .45 27 Valves and Solenoids .46 28 Circuit Breakers, Fusing Resistors and Sup

20、plementary Protectors 46 29 Connectors, Receptacles and Terminals .46 30 Electrical Cable, Conduit and Tubing 47 31 Electrical Insulation Systems .47 32 Electromagnetic Interference Filters .47 33 Fuses and Fuseholders 47 34 Lighting Systems .48 35 Optical Isolators and Semiconductor Devices 49 36 O

21、utlet Boxes .49 37 Power Supplies .49 38 Terminal Blocks 50 38A Information Technology Equipment 50 SPACINGS 39 High-Voltage Circuits 50 40 Extra-Low Voltage Circuits 50B 40A Alternate Spacings Clearances and Creepage Distances .51 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 41 Refrigerant .52 42 Refrigerant Tubing and Fi

22、ttings .52 43 Refrigerant-Containing Parts .54 44 Required Discharge Capacity 56 45 Relief Valves .56 46 Fusible Plugs or Rupture Members .56 PERFORMANCE 47 General 56 47.1 Test voltage .56 47.2 Temperature measurements .57 48 Tests on Nonmetallic Materials .58 49 Input Test 59 50 Temperature Test C

23、ooling Mode 59 51 Electrical Defrost Test .61 52 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test .62 53 Evaporator Fan Motor Failure Test 63 54 Overow Test 63 55 Static Loading Test .64 56 Defrost Heater Control Tests .64 56.1 Endurance test .64 56.2 Calibration test .64 57 Burnout Test .65 57.1 Burnout defrost h

24、eater 65 57.2 Other components 66 58 Burnout Test Impedance Protected Motors .66 58.1 Nonmetallic materials evaluation .66 59 Overvoltage and Undervoltage Tests 67 60 Current Overload Test Bonding Conductors and Connections 67 JANUARY 9, 2017 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATER

25、IAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 60A Overload and Endurance Test Switching Devices .68 61 Limited Short-Circuit Test .68A 61.1 General 68A 61.2 Motor overload protective devices 69 61.3 Bonding conductors and connections .70 61.4 Motor circuit co

26、nductors and connections .70 62 Accelerated Aging Test Electric Heaters .70 63 Reliability Test Heater Terminations .71 64 Insulation Resistance Test .71 64.1 Electric heaters 71 64.2 Thermal and/or acoustical insulating material 71 65 Strength Tests Pressure Containing Components .72 66 Rupture Mem

27、ber Test .72 67 Fusible Plug Test .73 68 Marking Label Adhesion Tests .73 69 Fastener Strength Test 73 70 Strain Relief Test .74 70A Protective Electronic Circuit Tests .74 70A.1 General 74 70A.2 Fault Conditions Abnormal Test .74 70A.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Tests .74B 70A.4 Programmab

28、le Component Reduced Supply Voltage Test 74C 70A.5 Fuse-Link Test 74D 70B Refrigerant Identication Tests .74E 70B.1 General 74E 70B.2 Infrared analysis .74E 70B.3 Gas chromatography analysis .74E MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS 71 Pressure Test .74F 72 Production Line Dielectric Voltage Withstand

29、 Tests 74G 72A Protective Electronic Circuit Test .76A 72B Annual Refrigerant Identication .76B MARKING 73 General 76B 74 Refrigerant Markings .80A 75 Electrical Markings 80B 76 Cautionary Markings 84 77 Accessory Markings .85 Appendix A Informational A1 Scope .A1 APPENDIX B Normative JANUARY 9, 201

30、7 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover unit coolers intended for use in refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated warehouses, walk-in coolers, and

31、the like. They are designed for connection to alternating current (ac) circuits rated not more than 600 volts. 1.2 These requirements do not apply to fan-coil units intended for comfort cooling, heating, or both, or to other air-conditioning equipment or components covered by individual requirements

32、. 1.3 Requirements for installation of unit coolers are included in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, and the Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems, ASHRAE Standard 15. 2 General 2.1 Units of measurement 2.1.1 If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses,

33、the second value may be only approximate. The rst stated value is the requirement. 2.2 Undated reference 2.2.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3 Glossary 3.1 F

34、or the purpose of this Standard, the following denitions apply. 3.2 ACCESSORY An optional electrical device or other component intended for installation in or connection to a unit cooler for the purpose of modifying or supplementing the functions of the unit cooler. It may be factory installed or in

35、tended for installation by service personnel. 3.3 BARRIER A partition for isolating high-voltage electrical components, separating ignition sources from ammable materials, isolating moving parts and protection of wiring. 3.4 CABINET The part of the equipment that provides physical protection to insu

36、lated wiring, enclosures, moving parts, motors, enclosed electrical parts, refrigeration tubing or other parts that may cause injury to persons. 3.5 CAPILLARY TUBE Device made of tubing with an outer diameter of less than 3/16 in. (4.7 mm) and used to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant between t

37、he condenser and evaporator. It also regulates the refrigerant ow. 3.6 CASCADE SYSTEM A refrigeration system that incorporates two or more independent vapor- compressor refrigeration cycles in series. This is done to acquire low temperatures that may not be readily achieved with a single refrigerati

38、on cycle. 3.7 CIRCUITS, ELECTRICAL a) Extra-Low-Voltage A circuit that has an AC potential of not more than 42.4 V peak (30 V rms), and power of 100 VA or less; or a 30 V dc circuit: AUGUST 22, 2011 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION

39、OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 1) Supplied by a primary battery, 2) Supplied by a Class 2 transformer, or 3) Supplied by a combination of a transformer and xed impedance that, as a unit, complies with all the performance requirements for a Class 2 transformer. A circuit that is derived f

40、rom a circuit that exceeds 30 V by connecting resistance or impedance, or both, in series with the supply circuit to limit the voltage and current, is not an extra-low- voltage circuit. b) High-Voltage A circuit involving a potential of not more than 600 volts and having circuit characteristics in e

41、xcess of those of an extra-low-voltage circuit. 3.8 COMPONENT A device or fabricated part of the unit cooler covered by the scope of a safety standard dedicated to that purpose. When incorporated in a unit cooler, equipment otherwise typically eld installed (e.g. luminaire) is considered to be a com

42、ponent. Unless otherwise specied, materials that compose a device or fabricated part, such as aluminum or copper, are not considered components. Generally, components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under sp

43、ecic, limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specied limits. 3.9 CONTROL, DEFROST CYCLE A control that is intended to regulate a normal defrost cycle. 3.10 CONTROL, OPERATING A device or assembly of devices, the operation of which starts or regulates the end product during no

44、rmal operation. For example, a thermostat, the failure of which a thermal cutout/limiter or another layer of protection would mitigate the risk of electric shock, re, or injury to persons, is considered an operating control. Operating controls are also referred to as “regulating controls”. Appendix

45、B species control functions that are not considered to result in a risk of re, electric shock or injury to persons. 3.11 CONTROL, PROTECTIVE A device or assembly of devices, the operation of which is intended to reduce the risk of electric shock, re or injury to persons during normal and reasonably

46、anticipated abnormal operation of the appliance. For example, a thermal cutout/limiter, or any other control/circuit relied upon for normal and abnormal conditions, is considered a protective control. Protective controls are also referred to as “limiting controls” or “safety controls” and are invest

47、igated under normal and single-fault conditions. Appendix B species control functions that are considered to result in a risk of re, electric shock or injury to persons. 3.12 CONTROL, TEMPERATURE-LIMITING A control which serves to prevent excessive temperature and is not intended to function during

48、normal defrost cycle. 3.13 DESIGN PRESSURE The maximum acceptable working pressure for which a unit cooler is designed. 3.13.1 ELECTRONIC COMPONENT A part in which electrical conduction is achieved principally by electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor. A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) i

49、s considered to be an electronic component, but neon indicators are not. JANUARY 9, 2017 REFRIGERATION UNIT COOLERS - UL 412 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.13.2 ELECTRONIC DISCONNECTION The de-energizing of a load within an appliance by an electronic device of a circuit. No electro-mechanical component having an air gap, such as a switch, contactor or relay is used to de-energize the lo