BS ISO IEC 24751-1-2008 Information technology - Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning education and training - Framework and reference model《信息技术 电子.pdf

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1、BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Information technology Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e- learning, education and training Part 1: Framework and reference modelThis British Stand

2、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56060 6 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008. Th

3、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/43, Information technology for learning, education and training. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the nece

4、ssary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. December 2008BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO/IEC 24751-1:2

5、008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IEC 24751-1 First edition Premire dition 2008-10-01 Information technology Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning, education and training Part 1: Framework and reference model Technologies de linformation Adapt

6、abilit et accessibilit individualises en e-apprentissage, en ducation et en formation Partie 1: Cadre et modle de rfrence BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with

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13、un problme dutilisation, veuillez en informer le Secrtariat central ladresse donne ci-dessous. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT DOCUMENT PROTG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, el

14、ectronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. / Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf prescription diffrente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduit

15、e ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou du comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749

16、 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland/Publi en Suisse ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous

17、droits rservs iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction vii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Statement of Scope .1 1.2 Exclusions 2 1.2.1 The creation of accessible content2 1.2.2 Person: organization and public administration 2 1.3 Aspects not currently addressed.2 2 Terms and definitions .3 3 Symbols and abbreviati

18、ons8 4 Basic principles .9 4.1 Two types of parts in this multi-part standard .9 4.2 Extending the standard.12 4.3 Disability and accessibility .12 4.4 The importance of interoperability and consistent implementation 13 5 Abstract model.14 6 Multilinguality.19 7 Conformance19 Annex A (normative) Con

19、solidated list of terms: in French alphabetical order.20 Annex B (informative) Alternative access terms22 Annex C (informative) Accessibility policies and legislation .31 Annex D (informative) List of contributors .32 Bibliography 33 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1

20、:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsSommaire Page Avant-propos. vi Introduction . viii 1 Domaine dapplication 1 1.1 nonc du domaine dapplication. 1 1.2 Exclusions . 2 1.2.1 La cration de contenu accessible . 2 1.2.2 Personne: organisation et administ

21、ration publique 2 1.3 Autres aspects non couverts actuellement2 2 Termes et dfinitions 3 3 Symboles et abrviations. 8 4 Principes de base 9 4.1 Deux types de parties dans la norme multiparties 9 4.2 Extension de la norme 12 4.3 Dficience et accessibilit 12 4.4 Importance de linteroprabilit et de lap

22、plication cohrente. 13 5 Modle abstrait 14 6 Multilinguisme . 19 7 Conformit . 19 Annexe A (normative) Liste de termes consolide: dans lordre alphabtique franais 20 Annexe B (informative) Termes daccs alternatifs 22 Annexe C (informative) Politiques et lgislation en matire daccessibilit 31 Annexe D

23、(informative) Liste des contributeurs 32 Bibliographie 33 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Internation

24、al Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields o

25、f technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint

26、 technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee

27、are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not

28、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24751-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education, and training. ISO/IEC 24751 is derived from the IMS GLC Learner Inf

29、ormation Package Accessibility for LIP Specification and the IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification. See . ISO/IEC 24751 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning, education and training: Part 1: Fram

30、ework and reference model Part 2: “Access for all” personal needs and preferences for digital delivery Part 3: “Access for all” digital resource description Future parts will address non-digital resource description, personal needs and preferences for non-digital resources, personal needs and prefer

31、ences for description of events and places, description of events and places, and language accessibility and human interface equivalencies (HIEs) in e-learning applications. BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) vi ISO/IEC 2008 All rights r

32、eserved/Tous droits rservsAvant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechnique internationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normes intern

33、ationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non go

34、uvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEI participent galement aux travaux. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comit technique mixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2

35、. La tche principale du comit technique mixte est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des or

36、ganismes nationaux votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO et la CEI ne sauraient tre tenues pour responsables de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et ave

37、rti de leur existence. LISO/CEI 24751-1 a t labore par le comit technique mixte ISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 36, Technologies pour lducation, la formation et lapprentissage. LISO/CEI 24751 est drive de IMS GLC Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP Specificat

38、ion et de IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification. Voir . LISO/CEI 24751 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Technologies de linformation Adaptabilit et accessibilit individualises en e-apprentissage, en ducation et en formation: Partie 1: Cadre et modle de rfrence Partie 2

39、: Besoins personnels en matire daccs pour tous et prfrences de prestation numrique Partie 3: Description des ressources numriques relatives laccs pour tous Des parties futures concerneront la description des ressources non numriques, les besoins et prfrences personnelles pour les ressources non numr

40、iques, les besoins et prfrences personnelles pour la description des vnements et des lieux, la description des vnements et des lieux, et laccessibilit linguistique et les quivalences dinterface humaine (EIH) dans les applications de-apprentissage. BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 BS I

41、SO/IEC 24751-1:2008 ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs vii Introduction ISO/IEC 24751 is intended to facilitate the matching of individual user needs and preferences with educational digital resources that meet those needs and preferences. It is intended to

42、 address mismatches between personal needs and preferences caused by any number of circumstances, including requirements related to client devices, environments, language proficiency or abilities. The terms and definitions within ISO/IEC 24751 are not judgmental but functional; the purpose is not to

43、 point out flaws in educational digital resources with respect to accessibility and adaptability, but to facilitate the discovery and use of the most appropriate content components for each user. In ISO/IEC 24751, it is recognized that learners experience a disability when there is a mismatch betwee

44、n the learners needs (or preferences) and the education or learning experience delivered. Disability is therefore not viewed as a personal trait but as a consequence of the relationship between a learner and a learning environment or resource delivery system. An individual who is blind is not disabl

45、ed when the lesson is delivered in audio, but an individual who does not have the necessary background knowledge to understand the lesson, or an individual who is listening to the lesson in a noisy environment, is disabled. Given this reframing, a learning environment is accessible when learner need

46、s can be addressed or matched (through adaptation, re-aggregation or substitution of digital learning resources). Accessibility is determined by the flexibility of the learning environment (with respect to presentation, control methods, structure, access mode, and learner supports, for example) and

47、the availability of adequate alternative-but-equivalent content and activities. The needs and preferences of a user may arise from the users context or environment, the technical requirements of the users device, the tools available (e.g. assistive technologies such as Braille devices, voice recogni

48、tion systems, alternative keyboards, etc.), the users background, or a disability in the traditional sense. Accessible systems adjust the user interface or configuration of the learning environment, locate needed resources and adjust the resources to match the characteristics of the resources to the needs and preferences of a user. This part of ISO/IEC 24751 provides a common framework for additional parts. These additional parts provide two complementary sets of information: a) the description of a learners accessibility needs and preferences, including 1) how digital resource