雅思-57及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思-57 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BListening Modul(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section 1(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 1-6Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.PRIME RECRUITMENTEmployee recordEmail U U 1 /U /UNationality U U 2 /U /UReference Name: John Keen(professional) Job: manager

2、of U U 3 /U /UReference Name: Eileen Dorsini(personal) Job: U U 4 /U /USpecial current U U 5 /U /U certificatequalifications certificate of competence in U U 6 /U /U （分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer. PRIME RECRUIT

3、MENT CHILDCARE VACANCIESLocation Name Children SpecialrequirementsLondon Benton girl and boy be keen onU U 7 /U/Unear Oxford GrangerUU 8 /U/Uboysbe animal-loverUU 9 /U/U Campbellfour girlsbe willing to UU 10 /U/Uwhencamping（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section 2(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 11

4、and 12Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO sources of funding helped build the facility?A. the central governmentB. local governmentC. a multinational companyD. a national companyE. city residentsQuestions 13 and 14Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO pre-existing features of the site are now part of the

5、new facilities?A. football stadiumB. playing fieldsC. passenger hallD. control towerE. aircraft hangars （分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 15-20Label the map below.Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 15-20.（分数：6.00）(1).hotel _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).transport hub_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:

6、_(3).cinema_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).fitness centre_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).shops_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).restaurant_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Section 3(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 21-25Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. （分数：5.00）(1).What is Chloe concerned about? A. her knowledge of maths B. her ability to write essays

7、 C. her lack of business experience（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Which of the following does Ivan feel he has improved? A. his computer skills B. his presentation skills C. his time management（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).What does Chloe especially like about the course? A. She wont have to do a final examination. B. She

8、 can spend time working in a business. C. She can study a foreign language.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Ivan is pleased that the university is going to have A. more lecture rooms. B. a larger library. C. more courses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).What does Ivan advise Chloe to do? A. contact his tutor B. read about some

9、 other universities C. visit the university（分数：1.00）A.B.C.Questions 26-30What does Chloe decide about the following subjects?Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 26-30.A. She will study it.B. She wont study it.C. She might study it.Subjects （分数：5.00）(1).Public relations_（分数：1.00）填空

10、项 1:_(2).Marketing_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Taxation_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Human resources_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Information systems_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Questions 31-35Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.History of weather forecastingEarly methodsAlman

11、acs connected the weather with the positions of different, U U 1 /U /Uat particular times.Invention of weather instrumentsA huygrometer showed levels of U U 2 /U /U(Nicholas Cusa 1450)Temperature variations first measured by a thermometer containing U U 3 /U /U(Golileo Galilei 1595)A barometer indic

12、ated air pressure (Evangelista Torricelli 1645)Transmitting weather informationThe use of the U U 4 /U /Uallowed information to be passed around the world.Dailu U U 5 /U /Uwere, produced, by the French from 1865.Questions 36-40Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

13、.Producing a weather forecast（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(6).Weather observation stations are found mostly at _ around the country.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Satellite images use the colour orange to show_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The satellites give so much detail that meteorologists can distin

14、guish a particular_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Information about the upper atmosphere is sent from instruments attached to a_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Radar is particularly useful for following the movement of_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_六、BReading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Reading Passage 1(总题数：2，分数：13.00)You should spend abo

15、ut 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Our Vanishing NightMost city have become virtually empty of stars by Verlyn KlinkenborgIf humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, it would make no difference to us whether we were out and about at ni

16、ght or during the day, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, meaning our eyes are adapted to living in the surfs light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ourselves

17、as diurnal beings any more than as primates or mammals or Earthlings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night: weve engineered it to meet our needs by filling it with light.This kind of engineering is no different from damming a river. Its benefits come with consequences - called

18、 light pollution - whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky, where it is not wanted, instead of focusing it downward, where it is. Wherever human ligh

19、t spills into the natural world, some aspect of life - migration, reproduction, feeding - is affected.For most of human history, the phrase light pollution“ would have made no sense. Imagine walking toward London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was one of Earths most populous cities. Nearly

20、a million people lived there, making do, as they always had, with candles and lanterns. There would be no gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years.Now most of humanity lives under reflected, refracted light from overlit cities and suburbs, from light-flooded roads and factories. N

21、early all of night-time Europe is a bright patch of light, as is most of the United States and much of Japan. In the South Atlantic the glow from a single fishing fleet - squid fishermen luring their prey with metal halide lamps - can be seen from space, burning brighter on occasions than Buenos Air

22、es.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars and taking their place is a constant orange glow. Weve become so used to this that the glory of an unlit night - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth - is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

23、And yet above the citys pale ceiling lies the rest of the universe, utterly undiminished by the light we waste.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powe

24、rful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being captured by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms, circling and circling in the thousands until they drop. Migrating

25、at night, birds are apt to collide with brightly lit buildings; immature birds suffer in much higher numbers than adults.Insects, of course, cluster around streetlights, and feeding on those insects is a crucial means of survival for many bat species. In some Swiss valleys the European lesser horses

26、hoe bat began to vanish after streetlights were installed, perhaps because those valleys were suddenly filled with light-feeding pipistrelle bats. Other nocturnal mammals, like desert rodents and badgers, are more cautious about searching for food under the permanent full moon of light pollution bec

27、ause theyve become easier targets for the predators who are hunting them.Some birds - blackbirds and nightingales, among others - sing at unnatural hours in the presence of artificial light. Scientists have determined that long artificial days - and artificially short nights - induce early breeding

28、in a wide range of birds. And because a longer day allows for longer feeding, it can also affect migration schedules. The problem, of course, is that migration, like most other aspects of bird behavior, is a precisely timed biological behavior. Leaving prematurely may mean reaching a destination too

29、 soon for nesting conditions to be right.Nesting sea turtles, which seek out dark beaches, find fewer and fewer of them to bury their eggs on. When the baby sea turtles emerge from the eggs, they gravitate toward the brighter, more reflective sea horizon but find themselves confused by artificial li

30、ghting behind the beach. In Florida alone, hatchling losses number in the hundreds of thousands every year. Frogs and toads living on the side of major highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, disturbing nearly every aspect of their behavior, i

31、ncluding their night-time breeding choruses.It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. And, in fact, some of the earliest civic efforts to control light pollution were made half a century ago to protect the view from

32、 Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. In 2001 Flagstaff was declared the first International Dark Sky City. By now the effort to control light pollution has spread around the globe. More and more cities and even entire countries have committed themselves to reducing unwanted glare.Do the follow

33、ing statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this（分数：7.00）(1).Few people recognise nowadays that

34、human beings are designed to function best in daylight.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Most light pollution is caused by the direction of artificial lights rather than their intensity.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).By 1800 the city of London had such a large population, it was already causing light pollution.（分数：1.00）填空项

35、1:_(4).The fishermen of the South Atlantic are unaware of the light pollution they are causing.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Shadows from the planet Venus are more difficult to see at certain times of year.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).In some Swiss valleys, the total number of bats declined rapidly after the introduct

36、ion of streetlights.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The first attempts to limit light pollution were carried out to help those studying the stars.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. CREAT

37、URE EFFECTS OF LIGHTSongbirds andseabirdsThe worst-affected birds are those which areUU 8 /U/UThey bump into UU 9 /U/Uwhichstand out at night.Desert rodents and They are more at risk from UU 10 /U/UbadgersMigrating birdsEarly migration may mean the UU 11 /U/Uare notsuitable on arrival.Sea turtles Th

38、ey suffer from the decreasing number ofUU 12 /U/UFrogs and toadsIf they are near UU 13 /U/Utheir routines will beupset.（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_八、Reading Passage 2(总题数：4，分数：13.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on p

39、ages 74-75.Is there a psychologist in the building?CHRISTIAN JARRETT reports on psychologys place in new architectural development.A. The space around us affects us profoundly - emotionally, behaviourally, cognitively. In Britain that space is changing at a pace not seen for a generation. Surely psy

40、chology has something to say about all this change. But is anyone listening? There is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant, but at the moment were talking to ourselves, says Chris Spencer, professor of environmental psychology at the University of Sheffield. Spencer recalls a recent

41、 talk he gave in which he called on fellow researchers to make a greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners. I was amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers, who would say: “Im doing my research for pure science, the industry can take it or leave it“ But t

42、here are models of how to apply environmental psychology to real problems, if you know where to look. Professor Frances Kuo is an example.B. Kuos website provides pictures and plain English summaries of research conducted by her Human Environment Research Laboratory. Among these is a study using pol

43、ice records that found inner-city Chicago apartment buildings surrounded by more vegetation suffered 52 per cent fewer crimes than apartment blocks with little or no greenery. Frances Kuo and her co-researcher William Sullivan believe that greenery reduces crime - so long as visibility is preserved

44、- because it reduces aggression, brings local residents together outdoors, and the conspicuous presence of people deters criminals.C. Environmental psychologists are increasingly in demand, says David Uzzell, professor of environmental psychology. Were asked to contribute to the planning, design and

45、 management of many different environments, ranging from neighbourhoods, offices, schools, health, transport, traffic and leisure environments for the purpose of improving quality of life and creating a better people-environment fit. Uzzell points to the rebuilding of one south London school as a striking example of how building design can affect human behaviour positively. Before its redesign, it was ranked as the worst school in the area - now it is recognised as one of the country