剑桥商务英语高级-8及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语高级-8 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：6，分数：52.00)BPART ONE/BB Look at the sentences below and following texts. Which text does each sentence refer to? For each sentence 1-8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E. You will need to use some of the letters more then once./BBA. Wal-Mart cuts s

2、ales forecast/BWal-Mart Stores, Inc. cut its August sales forecast Monday, saying it expects sales at stores open at least a year to be flat to up 2 percent, citing weak back-to-school trends and hurricanes that forced it to close up to 75 stores. Wal-Mart had been forecasting that sales at stores o

3、pen at least a year, known as same-store sales, would rise 2 to 4 percent for the month. Wal-Mart stock fell about 2 percent in morning trading on the New York Stock Exchange.BB. El Paso sees $ 2. 7B drop in assets/BEl Paso Corp. on Monday disclosed the full damage from its drastic cut in reserves e

4、arlier this year, saying a long-awaited restatement will slash the value of its oil and gas assets by $ 2.7 billion. The Houston company, the largest U.S. natural gas pipeline operator, also said it expects to cut its debt by 9 percent from its current level to under $17 billion by year-end. El Paso

5、, which earlier this year cut its proven natural gas reserves by 41 percent and said it would restate earnings back to 1999, had about $ 2. 7 billion in cash and credit revolvers as of July 31.BC. FedEx shares rise on outlook/BFedEx Corp. raised its earnings forecast for the fiscal first quarter and

6、 frill year Monday, citing strong demand for its international express, ground and less-than-truckload services. Shares of FedEx rose as much as 3:7 percent in the first half of Mondays New York Stock Exchange trading. Chief Financial Officer Alan Graf said risks existed, such as prolonged high oil

7、prices, that could hurt the world economy, but the company expects its business to remain strong.BD. IBM sees 30% gain in Web hosting/BInternational Business Machines Corp. widened its lead last year in the U. S. market for Internet hosting services as it won a greater share of the medium-sized busi

8、ness market, according to data recently published by market research firm IDC. The Armonk, N. Y. - based company has identified Web hosting as a key to boosting overall revenue growth. As the hardware business that had been its mainstay has matured over the past several years, IBM has focused on ser

9、vices. According to the most recent report from IDC, published in late July, IBMs Web hosting market share in the United States rose to 24.8 percent in 2003 from 23.5 percent in 2002 and just 15 percent in 2000.BE. Viagra abuse may boost HIV risk/BSan Francisco has petitioned federal regulators to w

10、arn that use of anti-impotence drugs such as Viagra could increase the risk of sexually transmitted disease and HIV, officials said on Monday. The request to the Food and Drug Administration earlier this month is a response to the recreational use of Viagra among gay men, who use it to enhance promi

11、scuous sex. “The predominant problem that we see in San Francisco is with widespread use among gay men with multiple partners,“ said Jeffrey Klausner, director of sexually transmitted disease prevention at the citys health department.（分数：8.00）(1).The company has decreased its expectation of turnover

12、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The company has further developed the medium-sized business market.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The company has seen the rise of its stocks.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The company focuses its business on natural gas.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The company has a positive attitude towards its future.（分数：1

13、.00）填空项 1:_(6).The company has witnessed some stores were shut down.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The company has depreciated.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The company has raised its market share over the past few years.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_BPART TWO/BB Read the following text. Choose the best sentence from A-H to fill in e

14、ach of the gaps. For each gap 9-14, mark one letter A-H Do not use any letter more than once./BLarge companies need way to reach the savings of the public. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little pr

15、ospect of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, andU (9) /U, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long term projects.U (10) /U, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do

16、 this by issuing stocks and shares through the stock exchange.U (11) /U.When the saver wants to have his money back,U (12) /U. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are

17、provided by the Government. Without hospital, roads, electricity, telephone, railways, etc.,U (13) /U. All these require continuous spending on new equipment if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government and industries therefore frequently

18、need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, andU (14) /U.There is hardly a man or woman in the country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employer to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come fro

19、m the savings of the country. The stock exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need money.A. he goes to the bank and borrows money from itB. they, too, go to the stock exchangeC. its hard to imagine how to live in the townD. while banks may agree to prov

20、ide short-term loansE. the country could not functionF. by doing so they can put into use the savings of individuals and institutionsG. so companies turn to the publicH. he does not have to go to the company which has borrowed his money（分数：6.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_

21、BPART THREE/BB Read the following text. Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. Mark one letter A, B, C or D for the answer you choose./BHigh productivity depends on a combination of factors, of which the most important are as follows.Bindividual pr

22、oductivity/BThe productivity of the individual depends on both his ability and his desire to do the job. The former ability depends, in turn, on native ability and on training. The latter varies with incentive.The more complicated a job becomes, the more training is necessary to ensure efficient ope

23、ration. Thus, developing training programs within production units is one important factor in the maintenance of high individual productivity.Moreover, the establishment of good general and specific education programs is essential to the maintenance of efficiency and contemporary practices in produc

24、tion. This is particularly true at managerial levels.The quality of management has a large significance to productivity since management teams are responsible for keeping equipment up-to-date, deciding production methods, developing marketing programs, fostering good relations between employers and

25、employees, establishing good working conditions and installing incentives.Bincentives/BIncentives to efficiency at the individual and small group level can take various forms. Financial gain is one of the most common and also one of the most effective. However, others such as good working conditions

26、, employee benefits and a positive social environment in the work place are important considerations.At the production unit level, whether it be a small workshop or a large factory, competition provides a serious incentive. When a company has a monopoly or a protected niche for its operation, a gene

27、ral lassitude can delay replacement of aging equipment, allow loss of vigor in marketing, and permit slackness in individual behaviors. Thus, a certain amount of competition is useful to keep a company at the forefront of production efficiency.Bcapital equipment/BAppropriate capital equipment implie

28、s, in term of efficiency, having equipment which optimizes the output of items produced per dollar input. Generaly, this means regular updating of all equipment, from production machinery to hand tools to office instrumentation. However, modernization incurs expenditure. If such spending is very lar

29、ge, it may be considered as a form of saving. Such investment spending may, under some circumstances, delay a rise in standard of living. This could be because of preferred production of industrial products over consumer products and a reduction in consumer spending, because of deferred wage increas

30、e. So capital expenditure which will cause increased production in the future, can be considered as an enforced saving with a view to achieving a higher standard of living at a later date.Bmarket size/BAs the quality of production increases, it is usually possible to reduce the cost of production pe

31、r item. Thus, with very large production runs, the cost per item may be vastly reduced and profit per item will consequently be greater. Such as economy of scale is dependent on the accessibility of a market large enough to justify the enormous but necessary start-up costs, estimation of the market

32、size may determine that the production must be distributed regionally, nationally or even world wide.It is clear that the supply side of the economy is the basis of economic viability. This applies to highly industrialized nations where labor is expensive and the tendency is towards technical specia

33、lization, It also applies to less developed nations where there is an abundance of labor. In all cases a balance exists between production costs and profits available in the product market.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following is not the factor that influences the productivity?（分数：1.00）A.Excellent tra

34、ining experiences.B.Pleasant working conditions.C.Sophisticated machines.D.The number of the employees.(2).Good general and specific education programs are especially significant to _.（分数：1.00）A.workers in workshopB.secretariesC.junior staffD.managers(3).According to the author, a company which has

35、monopoly for its business may _.（分数：1.00）A.constantly expand its operationsB.lose its vitalityC.charge more from its customersD.often update its equipment(4).Which of the following is not regarded as an incentive?（分数：1.00）A.Decrease of salaries.B.Good working conditions.C.Rich benefits.D.Excellent s

36、ocial environments.(5).According to the author, investment spending at last may result in _.（分数：1.00）A.decrease of salariesB.lower living qualitiesC.higher standard of livingD.reduction in consumer spending(6).According to the author, market size should _.（分数：1.00）A.the bigger the betterB.not be est

37、imatedC.be estimated according to productivityD.be estimated according to start-up costsBPART FOUR/BB Read the following text. Choose the best word to fill each gap. For each question 21-30, mark one letter A, B, C or D./BBetween now and 2005,U (21) /Uservices will become commonplace. Business and e

38、conomy-ties? Web services will be introduced; and consumers willU (22) /Utheir digital identities. Not only will the Net support a variety of new access devices, but it will also become the primary vehicle for voice, data and videoU (23) /U. Already, a group of communication giants, including ATT,U

39、(24) /Uan alliance called Embedded Internet, which aims to accelerate the market for globally networked, intelligent devices in homes, offices and factories worldwide.Putting everything and everyone on the Net will open up new commercial opportunities For example, when you visit a new place, your mo

40、bile device, knowing your preferences willU (25) /Usuggest the restaurants that serve your favorite wines and foods, list the shows you might like to see, then provide you with maps for how to get there, says Joy, whose company is designing Jini, aU (26) /Usystem to automatically link computing devi

41、ces. The new services electronically link up buyers and sellers whoU (27) /Uno prior contact and may want to do business with each other only once.TheseU (28) /Uwill take bandwidth and lots of it. Some of the sectors biggest companies are working on making the internet 1,000 times faster and more re

42、liable. Internet service providers will charge accordingly, just as travelers pay differentU (29) /Ufor first or second class. The system is supposed to give consumers flexibility, allowing them toU (30) /Ubandwidth when they need it.（分数：10.00）A.personalB.personalizedC.personD.personalizingA.take co

43、ntrol ofB.lose control ofC.under control ofD.have control ofA.transmissionB.transformationC.transitD.transferA.have formedB.had formedC.has formedD.has been formingA.automatedlyB.automaticallyC.automationD.automatingA.networkingB.networkedC.networkD.networklyA.hadB.have hadC.had hadD.haveA.applicant

44、sB.applyingsC.applicationsD.applicatingsA.costB.chargesC.feesD.faresA.reserveB.preserveC.deserveD.conserveBPART FIVE/BB Read the following text. For each question 31-40, write one word./BU (31) /Unearly a hundred years of powered flight, scientists are still trying to figure out how birds fly.Resear

45、chers have learned that the slapping noise pigeons make when they suddenly take off is the sound of super charged lift. They call it the “clap fling“ effect.Here at SRI International scientists try to duplicate the pigeons thrust. A flashing strobe reveals the secret.Scott Stanford, a scientist at S

46、RI, says, You re looking at the clap fling effect, where the two wings will come together and peel apartU (32) /Ueach other, thus augmenting liftU (33) /Udrawing air from the top to the bottom. “This mechanical bug wont get off the ground.U (34) /Uits flapping wings demonstrate a potential propulsio

47、n system for robotic birds: man-made rubbery muscle.Roy Kornbluh works at SRI. “There, Im turning the voltage on and off, and you can see when the voltage is on, the material is largerU (35) /Uwhen the voltage is off.“Super computers show high-speed airflows over supersonic aircraft.But scientists have only begun to see how air flowsU (36) /Ureally low speeds.Professor Max Platzer of the Naval Postgraduate School, says, “The flapping wing is generating a thrust, this way, this is the basic physics of the phenomenon.“Its pelicans-not pigeons-the Navy is looking