GRE22及答案解析.doc

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1、GRE22及答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Molds were once used only for small amounts of fat, shared with neighbors at cooperative candle dippings or supplied by -|_|-candle makers who canvassed large geographical areas.（分数：1.00）A.redoubtableB.impecuniousC.sententiousD.mere

2、triciousE.itinerant2.She is so -|_|-, it is inconceivable how she is generally thought to be -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.percipient . reasonableB.philanthropic . dogmaticC.importunate . fortunateD.inconsistent . catholicE.self-aggrandizing . unassuming3.Few mathematicians are -|_|-their futures on finding any

3、such proof; instead, their efforts are focused on finding good, but not -|_|-, solutions for most cases, a field of study aptly known as approximation theory.（分数：1.00）A.betting perfectB.developing convenientC.pinning substandardD.destroying exactE.establishing vague4.Perfect certainty belongs only t

4、o the gods; the rest of us have to make do with science and its -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperboleE.resignation5.On the face of it, the plan under consideration is -|_|-. and indeed, has already sparked protests from several prominent politicians, who argue that “h

5、asty implementation“ could -|_|-the economy.（分数：1.00）A.hopeless boostB.appealing undermineC.contentious inflameD.draconian damageE.suspect radicalize6.Even though avant-garde attacks on the Victorian bourgeoisie were -|_|-in rhetoric, deficient in evidence, and malicious in intent, it does not follo

6、w that they had no -|_|-grounds.（分数：1.00）A.infantile . cogentB.florid . objectiveC.steeped . justificatoryD.spare . intrinsicE.judicious . realistic7.Despite certain -|_|-habits of the North American screech owl, it performs the majority of its hunting alone, in alpine forests, unfettered by -|_|-.（

7、分数：1.00）A.predatory . ecologyB.instinctual . behaviorC.exogamous . kinshipD.omnivorous . dietE.diurnal . darkness二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Until recently, scrutiny of tree-ring records seemed to establish that a prolonged dry spell called the Great Drought drove the Anasazi Indians to abandon their

8、magnificent stone villages on the Colorado Plateau. Line Groundbreaking climatological studies have convinced many archaeologists, however, that the Great Drought was not sufficiently austere to coerce the sudden evacuation of the Anasazi. Reviewing tree ring records, including moisture levels, Van

9、West disputed the Great Drought theory by presenting evidence that enough corn could have been grown during the drought to support the population, that the Anasazi had weathered many severe droughts in the past, and that the evacuation actually began before the dry spell set in. Belying the popular

10、image of the Anasazi as a peaceable kingdom of farmers and potters, some new research puts the blame for the evacuation on a bloody internecine war. Noting that the Anasazi had been suffering from malnutrition, shorter life spans and increased infant mortality, Adler suggests that the Anasazi were n

11、ot able to move around freely to farm because their once open range was becoming balkanized into hostile fiefdoms. Perhaps as a reaction to drier weather, people in the Mesa Verde area began building dams and canals to trap and divert water, and the result may have been conflict and warfare. Unfortu

12、nately, other archeologists, having trouble envisioning how even drought, balkanization and warfare could make an entire civilization evacuate, are trying to combine archeological evidence with anthropological studies of the modern pueblo Indians to make the case that the Anasazi were roiled by a re

13、ligious crisis as divisive as European medieval heresies. Analyzing the spread of religious symbols found on rocks or pottery and the distribution of ceremonial structures, some argue that the Anasazi may have been pulled from their homeland by a new religion emerging to the south, whose egalitarian

14、 spirit would have had great appeal to a civilization, like the Anasazis, that was entering a dark age. Ware comes closest to a plausible synthesis of his predecessors theories in suggesting that the Anasazi world was rocked by a spiritual crisis catastrophic enough to cause a collapse of a civiliza

15、tion, and that the uprooted Anasazi apparently embraced a variety of new beliefs on migration to their new homes. Ware further argues that the precipitating factor in the evacuation may have been a change in climate after all. Recent climatological studies suggest that indeed, rainfall patterns were

16、 disrupted in a way that might have made the Anasazi disillusioned with their old religion: the customary pattern of heavy snows in the winter followed by summer monsoons had become unpredictable. Even if there was not a great drought, moisture may have been coming at the wrong times, and the summer

17、 rains, essential for nourishing the spring crops, were no longer reliablethe rain dances were not working anymore. Thus, Wares theory accommodates the greatest variety of factors that may explain the Anasazis evacuation. （分数：0.98）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization

18、 of the first paragraph?（分数：0.14）A.A historical theory is sketched and a problem with the theory is cited.B.Evidence for an objection to a theory is mentioned and a generalization from that evidence is advanced.C.A paradox about the origins of a historical phenomenon is pointed out and the authors e

19、xplanation of the paradox is expounded.D.A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.E.A new explanation for a historical phenomenon is given and evidence for that explanation is provided.(2).It can be inferred from the passage

20、 that Van West notes the severe droughts which affected the Anasazi prior to the Great Drought primarily in order to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.establish that enough food could have been grown to support the Anasazis survivalB.argue that the Anasazis past behavior would indicate their likely future behavior i

21、n the case of a Great DroughtC.suggest that the repetition of droughts was taking a cumulative toll on the fertility of the PlateauD.argue that the evidence which points to the existence of a Great Drought may actually be related to earlier droughtsE.affirm the notion that the Great Drought may have

22、 been exponentially more severe than prior droughts(3).With which of the following statements concerning the condition of the Anasazi at the time of their evacuation would the author be most likely agree?（分数：0.14）A.Disruption of weather patterns is a plausible explanation of the Anasazis evacuation,

23、 but insufficient when taken individually.B.A religious crisis may have contributed to lower crop fertility, resulting in the Anasazi s malnourishment.C.The Anasazi spiritual crisis may have been exacerbated by the poor performance of their crops after the disruption of weather patterns.D.The Anasaz

24、i may have been attempting to move toward a diversification of their religious beliefs long before the disruption of weather patterns.E.The Anasazi spiritual crisis may have contributed to increased balkanization, creating a vicious cycle of hostility within Anasazi society.(4).With which of the fol

25、lowing statements would Adler and Van West both be likely to agree? . Anasazi land was fertile enough during the so-called Great Drought to potentially feed all of the Anasazi. . An internecine civil war may have contributed to the Anasazis malnourishment. . Drought alone is insufficient to explain

26、the cause of the Anasazis departure. （分数：0.14）A. onlyB. onlyC. and onlyD. and onlyE., II, and (5).Researchers have employed all of the following methods in researching potential explanations of the Anasazi evacuation EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.the study of modern Indian societiesB.the study of climatol

27、ogical recordsC.the study of potteryD.the study of Anasazi mythologyE.the study of ceremonial structures(6).According to the passage, Wares theory of the role of weather in the Anasazi evacuation differs from the position traditionally held by anthropologists in which of the following ways?（分数：0.14）

28、A.Ware relies upon a different body of evidence than previous anthropologist have, but reaches the same conclusions.B.Ware ascribes a less dominant role to weather than had been traditionally posited by anthropologists.C.Ware ascribes a more dominant role to weather than had been traditionally posit

29、ed by anthropologists.D.Ware believes weather played a role in the evacuation, but not the one traditionally cited.E.Ware believes that another factor besides weather was responsible for the Great Drought.(7).The author considers the explanations put forward by Van West and Adler for the causes of t

30、he Anasazi evacuation to be -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.popular but suspectB.partially persuasive, but individually insufficientC.anachronistic and controversialD.premature and illogicalE.ambitious but misguidedScientists have long sought the reasons for the relatively young age of the majority of Martian mete

31、orites discovered on Earth in comparison with the age of Mars, an enigma exarcebated by the fact that the Martian rocks were ejected Line by only six or seven separate impact events. Previous tests had predicted that driving meteorites to Earth would require a collision with an asteroid immense enou

32、gh to make a crater 12-kilometers across, but because such huge impacts are extremely infrequent, it was unlikely that enough of them could have occurred to explain our planets Martian meteorite collection. Now astronomer James Heads higher-resolution models demonstrate that collisions making crater

33、s only three kilometers across can jettison 10 million fragments, each about 10 centimeters across, into space, a distribution sufficient to cause some of them to be found on Earth. Sections of the planet covered by debris (thus likely to be made up of older terrain) would require larger and hence r

34、arer impacts, and thus meteorites which reach Earth are predictably biased toward younger ages.Scientists have long sought the reasons for the relatively young age of the majority of Martian meteorites discovered on Earth in comparison with the age of Mars, an enigma exarcebated by the fact that the

35、 Martian rocks were ejected Line by only six or seven separate impact events. Previous tests had predicted that driving meteorites to Earth would require a collision with an asteroid immense enough to make a crater 12-kilometers across, but because such huge impacts are extremely infrequent, it was

36、unlikely that enough of them could have occurred to explain our planets Martian meteorite collection. Now astronomer James Heads higher-resolution models demonstrate that collisions making craters only three kilometers across can jettison 10 million fragments, each about 10 centimeters across, into

37、space, a distribution sufficient to cause some of them to be found on Earth. Sections of the planet covered by debris (thus likely to be made up of older terrain) would require larger and hence rarer impacts, and thus meteorites which reach Earth are predictably biased toward younger ages.（分数：-1.00）

38、(1).The passage is primarily concerned with_.（分数：-0.25）A.presenting an argument to support a particular hypothesisB.suggesting an answer to a theoretical questionC.questioning the assumptions of a research projectD.criticizing experimental resultsE.explaining the origin of certain scientific data(2)

39、.According to the passage, astronomers studying Martian meteors discovered on Earth were perplexed by them for which of the following reasons?（分数：-0.25）A.The meteors found on Earth were too young to have originated from the impacts in question.B.The meteors found on Earth were too old to be easily d

40、ated.C.Not enough impact events have been recorded in recent history to explain how any young meteors would have reached the Earth.D.Impacts on Mars have been so small that scientists question how any meteors have reached the earth.E.The age distribution of meteors found on Earth was inexplicably ba

41、sed toward youth.(3).The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning the probability that a given collision on Mars would eject fragments that will hit the Earth?（分数：-0.25）A.The probability is higher if the impact produces a crater larger than three kilometers.B.The probability i

42、s lower if the impact produces a crater smaller than three kilometers.C.The probability is decreased when the impact comes from an area of Mars covered by debris.D.The probability is decreased when the fragments produced by the impact are larger than 10 centimeters.E.The probability is decreased whe

43、n the fragments produced by the impact are younger.(4).Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on the conclusions drawn from Heads higher-resolution models?（分数：-0.25）A.The results of geographical survey prove that no crater larger than twelve kilometers exists on the surface of Mars.B

44、.Fragments from smaller impact events on Mars are highly unlikely to survive entry through the Earths atmosphere.C.The velocity of rocks escaping from Mars gravity is greater when they have been loosened by a large impact.D.Huge impacts on Mars are proven to be less rare than was previously thought.

45、E.A double-succession of large impacts is found to have occurred on Mars in a relatively short period of time.四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.SCRUTINIZE: ADMIRE : :（分数：1.00）A.imprison: hostB.forewarn: rageC.vacillate: resolveD.duplicate: imitateE.impel: push9.WAX: EAR : :（分数：1.00）A.milkshake: ice-creamB

46、.residue: sugarC.dandruff: scalpD.sweat: faceE.hemoglobin :heart10.ACHROMATIC: HUE : :（分数：1.00）A.convoluted: tortuousnessB.tranquil: listenerC.extraneous: essentialityD.derivative: modelE.disoriented: destination11.CISTERN: LIQUIDS : :（分数：1.00）A.cantilever: crowbarB.stalagmite: grottoC.landfill: ref

47、useD.armory: countermeasuresE.breviary: wildlife12.CIRCUMSPECT: PRUDENCE : :（分数：1.00）A.cautious: hastinessB.urbane: improprietyC.cursory: superficialityD.circuitous: convergenceE.reckless: impassivity13.LIGHT: COLOR : :（分数：1.00）A.radiation: temperatureB.celerity: spanC.quality: quantityD.sound: pitc

48、hE.strength: stress14.ANESTHETIC: INSENSIBILITY:（分数：1.00）A.analgesic: acheB.coagulant: solutionC.soporific: lethargyD.placation: rageE.opiate: listlessness15.RESCIND: STATUTE : :（分数：1.00）A.propel: processB.revoke: willC.manifest: agreementD.reiterate: institutionE.verify: oath16.SUBTLE: DIFFERENCE : :（分数：1.00）A.implicit: suggestionB.comprehensive: gamutC.gregarious: integrationD.remaining: productionE.characteristic: preservation五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.DISSONANCE:（分数：1.00）A.associationB.sanctionC.pactD.accordanceE.conspiracy18.AVER:（分数：1.00）A.refuteB.comfortC.assistD.bolsterE.g