【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷244及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 244 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With the development of the global economy, many companies state their basic objectiv

2、e of engaging in a worldwide manufacturing business and claim that they are or are becoming a multinational company. Some economists (1)_ between the international firm and the multinational company in the following way: the “international firm“ is a term that (2)_ enterprises with various degrees o

3、f world orientation in their business; (3)_, the “multinational company“ is one type of international firm. The international firm engages in any activity or (4)_ of activities from exporting, importing and licensing to full scale manufacturing in a number of countries. The international (5)_ of suc

4、h a company varies from the point at which overseas sales and profits take on importance and top management begins to (6)_ some attention to them to the stage (7)_ the company is globally oriented in its marketing, production, (8)_, and other decisions and considers alternative opportunities around

5、the world. When a company reaches the latter stage, it becomes (9)_. Thus, the multinational company is one type of international company. It is a (10)_ developed international company with a deep worldwide involvement and a global (11)_ in its management and decision making. More (12)_, the multina

6、tional company in manufacturing does business in a number of countries; it has a substantial commitment of its resources in international business; it (13)_ international production in a number of countries; and it has a (14)_ perspective in its management. Significant (15)_ exist among multinationa

7、l companies. First, such a company may not (16)_ do business in every region and country in the world, (17)_ it considers opportunities throughout the world. Second, it has a (18)_ portion of its assets invested in international business; (19)_ it makes a substantial part of its sales and earns a co

8、nsiderable part of its (20)_ overseas.（分数：40.00）A.recognizeB.distinguishC.discoverD.detectA.consists ofB.consists inC.convinces ofD.confines toA.as a matter of factB.for one thingC.on the other handD.as a resultA.complicationB.conceptionC.cooperationD.combinationA.entertainmentB.involvementC.evolvem

9、entD.developmentA.assignB.attendC.devoteD.adaptA.howB.whichC.whereD.whenA.businessB.salesC.purchaseD.investmentA.multinationalB.internationalC.nationalD.regionalA.broadlyB.widelyC.highlyD.deeplyA.prosperityB.aspectC.prospectD.perspectiveA.specificallyB.speciallyC.sociallyD.substantiallyA.takes inB.l

10、ies inC.engages inD.involves inA.citywideB.countrywideC.nationwideD.worldwideA.difficultiesB.differencesC.similaritiesD.relationshipsA.totallyB.necessarilyC.completelyD.definitelyA.howeverB.butC.soD.thereforeA.conspicuousB.consistentC.considerableD.considerateA.as a resultB.in the endC.in the wayD.a

11、bove all thingsA.profitsB.benefitsC.advantagesD.cashes二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._National characteristics are not easy to pin down, and whe

12、n pinned down they often turn out to be trivialities or seem to have no connection with one another. Spaniards are cruel to animals; Italian can do nothing without making a deafening noise; the Chinese are addicted to gambling. Obviously such things don“t matter in themselves. Nevertheless, nothing

13、is causeless, anti even the fact that Englishmen have bad teeth can tell one something about the realities of English life. Here are a couple of generalizations about England that would be accepted by almost all observers. One is that the English are not gifted artistically. They are not as musical

14、as the Germans or Italians; painting and sculpture have never flourished in England as they have in France. Another is that, as Europeans go, the English are not intellectual. They have a horror of abstract thought; they feel no need for any philosophy or systematic “world-view“. Nor is this because

15、 they are “practical“, as they are so fond of claiming for themselves. One has only to look at their methods of town planning and water supply, their obstinate clinging to everything that is out of date and a nuisance, a spelling system that defies analysis and a system of weights and measures that

16、is intelligible only to the compilers of arithmetic books, to see how little they care about mere efficiency. Another English characteristic which is so much a part of us that we barely notice it is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the privateness of English life. We are a nation

17、 of flower-lovers, but also a nation of stamp-collectors, pigeon-fanciers, amateur carpenters, coupon-snipers, darts-players, crossword-puzzle fans. All the culture that is most truly native centers round things which even when they are communal are not officialthe pub, the football match, the back

18、garden, the fireside and the “nice cup of tea“. The liberty the individual is still believed in, almost as in the nineteenth century. But this has nothing to do with economic liberty, the right to exploit others for profit. It is the liberty to have a home of your own, to do what you like in your sp

19、are time, to choose your own amusements instead of having them chosen for you from above.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we can learn that（分数：2.00）A.Chinese are indulged in gambling.B.you are likely to encounter cruel animals in Spain.C.whenever an Italian does anything, he will keep a stiff

20、 upper lip.D.to summarize one people“s characteristics, one must understand their culture.(2).What does the sentence “nothing is causeless, and even the fact that Englishmen have bad teeth can tell one something about the realities of English life.“(Paragraph 1) imply?（分数：2.00）A.English are wise peo

21、ple.B.Englishmen have distinct characteristics.C.The realities of English life are caused by some reasons.D.Englishmen love to say something bad behind one“s back.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is Englishmen“s characteristic?（分数：2.00）A.They are afraid of change.B.They are inbor

22、n artists.C.They are stubborn.D.They are practical.(4).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Englishmen love rural life.B.Englishmen are childish.C.Englishmen often hold banquets.D.Englishmen don“t like official activities.(5).The writer develops his ideas in the three-paragraph pa

23、ssage by means of（分数：2.00）A.contrast.B.comparison.C.a combination of comparison and examples.D.a combination of contrast and examples.The moral high ground has always been female territory. Men, after all, lie and cheat and rob and pollute the environment and disproportionately populate the prisons,

24、 while women do their best to appreciate their good qualities. Some women, at least. But with the rise of feminism, the assaults on men“s moral integrity have become more frequent, and the belief in their arrogance and lack of concern for anything but their own selfish ends has become a truism. It“s

25、 the men who are greedy. It“s the men who are disloyal. It“s the men who will do anything for money. It“s the men who are immature. In the world of sport, male athletes are whipping boys of talk radio. They have graced the cover of Sports Illustrate, and on the inside have been spoken evil of for si

26、ns, among them greed, disdain for the fans who pay their unreasonably high salaries, and a lack of respect for the game that the fans love and that has made them rich. Female athletes, on the other hand, have been placed on a pedestalbut it has been a pretty easy one to climb. For one thing, there h

27、asn“t been enough money to get greedy about. For another, there haven“t been any fans. And for third, those who didn“t love the game had absolutely no reason to keep playing. But thanks to the rise of women“s basketball, female basketball player are going to find themselves tempted by the same vanit

28、ies that have seduced so many menand though we know some will give in, we don“t know how many. For women“s basketball to become a major sport in America, as opposed to a profitable one like arena football, something is going to be offered other than just pure skill. That something should be, and in

29、fact will have to be, a different attitude, a purer sense of sport, than the men deliver. It may be asking too much of women to withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses, but then again it may be true that women have occupied the high moral ground for so long be

30、cause they actually are more sensitive to what“s important in the long run. I honestly don“t know how this drama will play out, but the process will tell us about more than just the fate of women“s basketball. If women, who are steadily gaining more and more control in this world, can truly respond

31、in a more reasoned way to the pull of power, then there is hope for the 21st century. But if women, as a gender, can do no better than men when given the chance, then in basketball as in life, we can only look ahead to more of the same.（分数：10.00）(1).The moral high ground has always been female terri

32、tory because（分数：2.00）A.men aren“t as good as women.B.men don“t think that the moral is important.C.men do evil things, while women try to appreciate their qualities.D.the heavy burden of life forces men to be cunning and worldly.(2).Female athletes keep playing in order to（分数：2.00）A.earn enough mone

33、y to make a living.B.become famous people.C.defeat men athletes.D.do something interesting.(3).As to withstanding the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses, which of the following does the author might agree?（分数：2.00）A.All female athletes will withstand the temptations.B.

34、Only a few athletes are able to withstand the temptations.C.Most female athletes are able to withstand the temptations.D.The number of female athletes who will withstand the temptations is unknown.(4).Women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because（分数：2.00）A.they are more sensible to w

35、hat“s wrong than men.B.they are more sensitive to what“s essential in the long term than men.C.they are more wise to wrongdoings than men.D.they are more intelligent than men in some areas.(5).There is hope for the 21st century if women can（分数：2.00）A.overcome men entirely.B.control the world absolut

36、ely.C.shoulder the fate of human being.D.really react in a more reasonable way to the influence of power.Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot b

37、e used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus. When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond

38、rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so f

39、ar has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown. We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed

40、 with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not. To state that the test for AIDS is “ambiguous“, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be consid

41、ered 100 percent certain by experts. Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contai

42、n the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man. It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is

43、 morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex. It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is m

44、orally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is

45、 the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.（分数：10.00）(1).As for whether potential AIDS victims carrying the virus, the author suggests that（分数：2.00）A.they have the right to. be kept in the dark.B.they have the right to be protected.C.ignorance may result in serious consequences.D.ignorance may b

46、ring indifference to the disease.(2).The phrase “the latency period“(Paragraph 3) probably means（分数：2.00）A.the growing period.B.the inactive period.C.the acute stage.D.the chronic stage.(3).According to experts, the test for AIDS is（分数：2.00）A.100 percent certainty connected with the presence of the

47、virus in cultures.B.ambiguous because even they themselves are not certain.C.inaccurate because there are consistently confusing results.D.not connected with the presence of the virus.(4).In the passage, the author intends to tell us that（分数：2.00）A.those who refuse to be tested for AIDS are justifia

48、ble.B.people should take precautions against AIDS.C.people should condemn those who are irresponsible.D.the sick should take the moral responsibility of protecting public health.(5).The last three sentences in the passage serve to（分数：2.00）A.restate the author“s purpose in the writing.B.blame those who refuse to be tested for AIDS.C.emphasize the importance of the test for AIDS.D.conclude the essay by restating the main arguments.Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his recognition of order in the economic syst