【考研类试卷】考研英语-472及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-472 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、When lab rats sleep,(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.didB.doesC.wouldD.will2.（分数：0.50）A.as yetB.stillC.howeverD.by then3.（分数：0.50）A.mainlyB.uniquelyC.approximatelyD.respectively4.（分数：0.50）A.displayingB.thinkingC.performingD.behavi

2、ng5.（分数：0.50）A.complexB.confusedC.vigorousD.instantaneous6.（分数：0.50）A.validatedB.recognizedC.calculatedD.evaluated7.（分数：0.50）A.intersectingB.parallelingC.resemblingD.differing8.（分数：0.50）A.instead ofB.as well asC.apart fromD.except for9.（分数：0.50）A.guaranteedB.encounteredC.confirmedD.witnessed10.（分数：0

3、.50）A.eraseB.consolidateC.disciplineD.improve11.（分数：0.50）A.in circlesB.in accordC.in caseD.in essence12.（分数：0.50）A.whyB.whenC.howD.where13.（分数：0.50）A.littleB.someC.muchD.enough14.（分数：0.50）A.sleepingB.dreamingC.awakeD.aware15.（分数：0.50）A.reviewingB.analyzingC.decodingD.stressing16.（分数：0.50）A.relatedB.

4、retainedC.releasedD.relieved17.（分数：0.50）A.remainderB.acquisitionC.propertyD.accuracy18.（分数：0.50）A.forB.byC.throughD.in19.（分数：0.50）A.consolidateB.transformC.reorganizeD.renovate20.（分数：0.50）A.cryB.memorizeC.dreamD.sleep三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)2

5、1.The author thinks that unfortunately BMWs campaign has conveyed the idea of（分数：2.00）A.poverty,B.extinction.C.revolution.D.evolution.22.It can be inferred that biological orthodoxy favors（分数：2.00）A.no change.B.step-by-step change.C.all-of-a-sudden change.D.radical change.23.The difference between B

6、MWs and Renaults campaign is that（分数：2.00）A.BMWs emphasizes technological revolution more explicitly.B.Renaults proves to be more successful.C.Renaults provides more delicate messages than BMWs.D.BMWs employs the metaphor of DNA while Renaults doesnt.24.The campaign staged by both BMW and Renault ar

7、e to market（分数：2.00）A.cars based on the old ones.B.cars modeled on DNA technology.C.cars produced with most advanced technology.D.cars face-lifted only but little genuinely changed.25.According to the author, the success of the campaigns may depend on（分数：2.00）A.perceived product quality.B.public per

8、ceptions of DNA.C.efforts made by the organizers.D.explicitness in explaining DNA to buyers.六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.The Van Goghs letter (Para. 2) was mentioned to（分数：2.00）A.afford evidence of the origin of Expressionism.B.solve the mystery of Van Goghs drawings.C.show the difference between Van

9、Gogh and a cartoonist.D.exhibit the unique feature of the Expressionists art.27.Expressionism is a(n)（分数：2.00）A.artistic style expressing the artists inner experiences objectively.B.marked trend characteristic of insisting on harmony and beauty.C.new movement based on expressive style.D.fundamental

10、revolution in arts.28.It can be inferred from the passage that the Expressionists were（分数：2.00）A.lonely people frequently feeling unhappy at being alone.B.motivated by a desire to change for the sake of changing.C.not immediately acknowledged by the masses.D.appreciative of the effect of cartoons on

11、 their work.29.Which one of the following is the Expressionist position concerning harmony and beauty in art?（分数：2.00）A.It emerged from conformity and fear of change.B.It is a misconception of social life.C.It originated from untruthfulness.D.It is essential that no such thing as true beauty exists.

12、30.In the authors opinion, the art of Raphael and Correggio（分数：2.00）A.makes the public suspect their true motives.B.displayed too much of the dark side of the human society.C.was characteristic of an insistence on harmony and beauty.D.reflected the objective world insincerely.七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00

13、)31.According to the author,（分数：2.00）A.the investigation of the life cycle of a protozoon is pure research.B.applied investigation is looked down upon in modern society.C.the discovery of X-rays was made in applied research.D.the common classification of research is neither accurate nor impersonal.3

14、2.It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.certain areas in pure research are not fully explored.B.applied investigation requires greater scientific ability.C.applied research is inferior to pure research.D.knowledge is useless unless it is put into practice.33.Some people look down on applie

15、d research because they think that（分数：2.00）A.it is a kind of prearranged investigation.B.no new knowledge can arise from applied research.C.it is more difficult to get results in applied research.D.no specific scientific ability is needed in applied research.34.Which of the following most accurately

16、 describe the pattern of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The author first refutes the classification of research and then criticizes the intellectual snobbery and tendency to look down on the one of the two.B.The author first refutes the classification of research into the pure and the applied and then presents

17、 his own classification.C.The author first refutes the classification of research and then points out that the classification results from two false ideas.D.The author first points out the practical importance of applied research and then criticizes those who look down on applied research.35.It is g

18、enerally believed that in applied investigation（分数：2.00）A.research workers follow unexpected, interesting clues.B.scientists make a discovery first, and then try to use it.C.it is the man rather than the project who is given support.D.results of practical value are to be achieved.八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：1

19、0.00)36.It can be inferred from the passage that a relativistic view of ethics（分数：2.00）A.can only be acquired after suffering loss.B.often generates unacceptable consequences.C.is cultivated and developed with personal growth.D.is too abstract to be of any practical value.37.In Line 6, Para. 3, the

20、author use the expression of “learn the hard way“ to mean that（分数：2.00）A.we try to reevaluate our previously held beliefs as we grow older.B.we refute some moral principles only after we find them inconsistent.C.we acquire a sense of right and wrong from our real life lessons.D.we become mature thro

21、ugh ignoring our inherited unselfish tendencies.38.Ethics was generally considered to be（分数：2.00）A.definite and clear.B.vague and uncertain.C.certain but non-rational.D.relative but not subjective.39.In what way is ethics comparable to language usage?（分数：2.00）A.Both have rules to make the optimal ch

22、oice under a circumstance.B.Both vary according to the context they are applicable to,C.Both are thought to be objective, not subjective, existence.D.Both contain sets of rules applied in quite different conditions.40.The main feature of the ethical theory advanced by the author lies in its（分数：2.00）

23、A.situation-sensitivity.B.prescriptive function.C.confirmation of existing moral values.D.effectiveness in solving moral problems.九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、(41) Weather matters(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：

24、0，分数：0.00)十二、Everyone must have h(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead

25、. You do not need to write the address.（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52. （分数：20.00）_考研英语-472 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、When lab rats sleep,(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.didB.does C.wouldD.will解析：由四个选项可知此处应填助动词。因为“The fact“是刚刚发现的客观现实，所以 suggest 不能用将来时，而且 sug

26、gest 这个动作是作者正在提出的观点，因此也不能用过去将来时，故只能用一般现在时，因此只有 B“does”正确。它用在这里起强调作用；2.（分数：0.50）A.as yet B.stillC.howeverD.by then解析：as yet 至今。as yet 迄今，到目前为止，如：As yet，no man has set foot on Mars到目前为止还没有人登上火星。 still 仍旧；however(然而)用在此显然不通；by then 到那时为止，前文并未出现过去的某个时间点，本短语也无法用在这里。因为 strongest 是形容词的最高级，所以应有一个隐含的限定，as ye

27、t 的作用是限定时间。3.（分数：0.50）A.mainlyB.uniquely C.approximatelyD.respectively解析：由上文内容可知，以前人们没想到动物也会做梦，因此本句应该指人们以为做梦是人类独有的。故B “uniquely“正确。mainly 主要的；approximately 近似地；respectively 分别地。4.（分数：0.50）A.displayingB.thinking C.performingD.behaving解析：此处语境为：动物比人类认为的得更多。由前文可知，动物的大脑比人们的想象更加复杂，也就是说动物比人们想象的更能思考。故B“thin

28、king“正确。displaying 显示、performing 实施、behaving 行为都与文章意思不符。5.（分数：0.50）A.complex B.confusedC.vigorousD.instantaneous解析：此处语境意为：如果动物做梦的话，这就意味着它们有更的脑部机能。由前文的内容可以看出人们没有想到动物会做梦，也就是说没有想到它们的脑部能有这么复杂。故此处应选表示“复杂”含义的词。complex 复杂，符合题意。confused 表示混乱的，迷惑的，不合文意。vigorous 充满活力的，一般不能修饰“functions”。instantaneous 瞬间的，与上下文逻

29、辑不符。6.（分数：0.50）A.validatedB.recognized C.calculatedD.evaluated解析：此处语境为：如果动物做梦，这意味着它们的脑部机能比以前人们认识得更复杂。recognize 认识，认知，符合题意。validated 证实，以前研究者并没有确切的证据，因此谈不上证实。calculated 计算，文中也没有谈到计算的问题。evaluated 评估，文中并没有谈到估测的问题。7.（分数：0.50）A.intersectingB.parallelingC.resembling D.differing解析：首段首句谈到老鼠睡着时大脑会重访迷宫。也就是说睡着

30、时大脑的状态跟醒时走迷宫的状态很相似。本空白前是睡眠时的 pattern，空白后是“the pattern that occurs when they are.and trying to learn their way around a maze“，可以判断出空白后应该指醒时走迷宫的 pattern。显然两者应该是相似的，故 resembling 正确。intersecting(相交)、differing(不同)容易排除。paralleling 意为“平行”。8.（分数：0.50）A.instead ofB.as well asC.apart from D.except for解析：apart

31、 from 除之外(还有)。如：Apart from a few words，I do not know any French at all除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。句意：但是，除了任何一位狗的主人都能看见的其宠物睡眠时偶尔出现的抽搐、低吼或轻吠之外，几乎没有动物会做梦的直接证据。instead of 代替(有否定之意)；as well as 也，又(并列关系)；except for 除之外(不包括)。如：The article is well written，except for a few spelling mistakes这篇论文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。9.（分数：0.5

32、0）A.guaranteedB.encounteredC.confirmedD.witnessed 解析：witnessed 亲眼看见，目睹。如：He witnessed the accident他亲眼目睹了那场意外事故。guaranteed 保证；en countered 遇到，遭遇；confirmed 确定。10.（分数：0.50）A.eraseB.consolidate C.disciplineD.improve解析：consolidate 巩固，加强，文中正是指对白天大脑记忆的东西在晚上做进一步巩固，故consolidate 符合题意。erase 抹去，擦掉，显然不符文意；discip

33、line 训练，文中并非指有意识的训练；improve 改善，睡眠并不是使记忆力改善，而只是帮助巩固白天所经历的东西。11.（分数：0.50）A.in circlesB.in accordC.in caseD.in essence 解析：不难判断空白后的“reviewing what they had learned.”是对空白前的“dreaming about the maze”的进一步解释，故Din essence(实质上)正确。句意：根据这些研究成果，研究人员断定，老鼠梦见迷宫，实质上是回顾它们醒着的时候走迷宫的过程以增强记忆。这个分词短语进一步说明了研究人员的看法。in circles

34、=in a circle 在原地兜圈子，毫无进展；in accord 与 with 连用，意为“与一致”；in case 万一。这三项用在这里不合逻辑，无法表达出文中的解释作用。12.（分数：0.50）A.why B.whenC.howD.where解析：why。why 引导的宾语从句，作介词 for 的宾语。句意：这些发现也为人类睡眠是因为要巩固新学到的东西这一主导理论提供了新的证明。破折号后的不定式短语进一步解释 why humans sleep，可视为它的同位语，when，how，where 各有其义，放在这里显然不合适。13.（分数：0.50）A.little B.someC.much

35、D.enough解析：第二段首句谈到人们早就知道动物睡眠的经历跟人类一样。随后用“but”转折，可以看出本句应该是讲人们不知道的东西，因此本处应该选表示否定的词，四个选项中仅有A“little”是准否定词。14.（分数：0.50）A.sleepingB.dreamingC.awake D.aware解析：根据句意，与 sleeping 相对应的只能是 awake，而不可能是 sleeping 与 dreaming，aware 通常与of 连用，其词义为“知道的，明白的”，指有思想的行为，除人类外，用于其他动物显然不合适。15.（分数：0.50）A.reviewing B.analyzingC.

36、decodingD.stressing解析：此处语境意为：睡眠中的大脑睡觉前的活动。显然这里应该填首段首句中 revisit 的同义词，故A “reviewing“正确。其余三项都没有“再，重新”的含义。16.（分数：0.50）A.relatedB.retainedC.released D.relieved解析：released 发表，发行。The new motion picture was released yesterday昨天发行了一部新的影片。related 叙述，使联系；retained 保持，保留；relieved 减轻，解除。句意：实验鼠睡眠时，其大脑重现了它白天走过的迷宫。昨

37、天发表的一项新的研究报告如是说。这为动物确实会做梦提供了迄今为止最有力的证据。17.（分数：0.50）A.remainderB.acquisitionC.property D.accuracy解析：由破折号后的内容可知本空白应该指记忆这种功能，四个词中仅有 property 有“性能”的含义。remainder 剩余物 acquisition 获得；accuracy 精确性。18.（分数：0.50）A.forB.byC.through D.in解析：through 经过。go through 经历，如：They have all gone through the war他们都经历过这场战争。句

38、意：研究人员早就知道动物经历的睡眠阶段和人类一样，包括人做梦时的快速眼动(REM)睡眠在内。go for 追求； go by 从旁走过，顺访；go in 进入，参加，此三项均无“经历”之意。19.（分数：0.50）A.consolidate B.transformC.reorganizeD.renovate解析：此处语境意为：用这种复习来或整合记忆。显然这里“to.or integrate.“是目的状语。空白处应是动词不定式并与 integrate 形成并列关系。再考虑末段首句破折号后的“to solidify new learning”，可以看出本处应选 solidify 的同义词，故A“c

39、onsolidate“正确。transform 变形、reorganize 重新组织、renovate 革新，均与前文没有意思上的联系。20.（分数：0.50）A.cryB.memorizeC.dream D.sleep解析：本句应该讲人们不知道的东西。下文说到“If animals dream”，显然本句人们不知道的东西就是动物做梦，故C“dream”正确。其余各项无法与下文的 dream 呼应，放在文中也不合题意。三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The

40、author thinks that unfortunately BMWs campaign has conveyed the idea of（分数：2.00）A.poverty,B.extinction. C.revolution.D.evolution.解析：本题问宝马公司在促销运动中不幸地传达了一个什么样的信息。最后一段第三句，提到宝马公司一个广告中用的是猛犸(毛象)的 DNA,这种动物已经灭绝一万年了。这一比喻有可能使人联想到灭绝，故B“灭绝“35 确。A贫穷；C革命；D进化，均与猛犸(毛象)的灭绝不相干，故均不是正确选项。22.It can be inferred that biol

41、ogical orthodoxy favors（分数：2.00）A.no change.B.step-by-step change. C.all-of-a-sudden change.D.radical change.解析：本题问可以推断出正统生物学支持什么。第三段第四句“It is that evolution works by gradual improvements rather than sudden leaps (in this，Renault is aligning itself with biological orthodoxy)“指出，雷诺公司的营销理念是正统生物学的理念，也就

42、是渐进式，而不是突变式，由此可知B“渐进的改变”是正确的。 A不改变；C突然的改变；D根本变革，均错误。23.The difference between BMWs and Renaults campaign is that（分数：2.00）A.BMWs emphasizes technological revolution more explicitly.B.Renaults proves to be more successful.C.Renaults provides more delicate messages than BMWs. D.BMWs employs the metapho

43、r of DNA while Renaults doesnt.解析：本题问宝马和雷诺两家的营销计划的差别在于。第三段第三句说“Renaults message is more subtle“ subtle 的意思是“微妙的”。C“雷诺的营销计划比宝马提供了更微妙的信息”与此句相符，故正确。 A宝马更加清楚地强调技术进步：在技术进步方面作者并未对两家公司进行比较。 B雷诺的营销行动被证明更成功：文中只说他们采取了商业行动，但没有说他们成功与否。虽然宝马在营销中出现了差错，但没说造成影响，没有说它失败。 D宝马使用了 DNA 作暗喻，而雷诺没有：两者都使用了这种暗喻。24.The campaign

44、 staged by both BMW and Renault are to market（分数：2.00）A.cars based on the old ones. B.cars modeled on DNA technology.C.cars produced with most advanced technology.D.cars face-lifted only but little genuinely changed.解析：本题问宝马和雷诺公司展开的营销计划是为了推广。第三段前四句“BMWs campaign is intended to convey the idea of dev

45、elopment allied to heritageThe latest product，in other words，should be viewed as the new and improved scion of a long line of good carsRenaults message is more subtleIt is that evolution works by gradual improvements rather than sudden leaps“指出，宝马的营销计划意在传达发展与继承的相关性。换句话说，最新的产品可以看成是过去一系列好车的更新换代。雷诺的信息则

46、更微妙。它说，进化是一个逐渐完善的过程而不是突然的飞跃。因此得知，A“基于老车型发展而成的新车”正确。 B根据 DNA 技术造出的车：第二段中“with a brief explanation that DNA is the molecule responsible for the in heritance of such features as strength，power and intelligence“涉及到 DNA,是说 DNA 是遗传基因，并以此来比喻汽车的发展，说明新车是既有继承又有发展的，而不是说新车是建立在 DNA 技术之上的。 C用最先进技术生产的车：本文强调的是新车型和老

47、车型的连续性，并不是说生产技术是最先进的。 D只改变外观，不改变本质的车：第三段第五句指出，新车外观变化不大，但是发动机有着质的提高，可见 D项错误。25.According to the author, the success of the campaigns may depend on（分数：2.00）A.perceived product quality.B.public perceptions of DNA. C.efforts made by the organizers.D.explicitness in explaining DNA to buyers.解析：本题问作者认为促销运动的成功可能取决于。第四段第一句“Whether they actually do so will