【考研类试卷】考研英语-470及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-470 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring (1) profits, as well as economic and political power. Some rec

2、ent theorists, (2) , have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of (3) that they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of (4) amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important (5) of profits and influence; knowledge a

3、s well as (6) capital brings profits and influence.There arc many (7) with the thesis above, not the least of (8) is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not (9) the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial s

4、ociety, as the (10) of some new industries indicates. (11) , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have (12) many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In (13) with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be (14) that those already in control of h

5、uge amounts of capital (i. e., major corporations) soon (15) to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly (16) . Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even

6、 more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service (17) . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the (18) of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. I

7、lliteracy in the English language has been a severe (19) for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and (20) them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：10.00）A.quantitativeB.extensiveC.comprehensiveD.sophisti

8、catedA.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.neverthelessA.aggressionB.proficiencyC.productivityD.evolutionA.dominantB.impressiveC.magnificentD.significantA.sourceB.factorC.componentD.elementA.adequateB.profitableC.materialD.spiritualA.advantagesB.consequencesC.problemsD.potentialsA.themB.thoseC.whichD.that

9、A.denyB.refuseC.admitD.acknowledgeA.emergenceB.innovationC.extinctionD.discoveryA.In additionB.For exampleC.Above allD.In shortA.producedB.createdC.improvedD.facilitatedA.lineB.needC.doubtD.matchA.idealizedB.recognizedC.supervisedD.summarizedA.stepped inB.settled downC.leaned overD.turned outA.acces

10、sibleB.importantC.popularD.abundantA.enterprisesB.employmentC.professionsD.industriesA.controlB.masteryC.searchD.pursuitA.handicapB.penaltyC.inconvenienceD.shortcomingA.enforceB.punishC.confineD.condemn二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some people talk

11、 about immigration in terms of politics, some in terms of history. But the core of the matter is numbers. The Labor Department says that immigrants make up about 15 percent of the work force. Its estimated that a third of those are undocumented workers. The Pew Hispanic Center estimates that one in

12、four farmhands in the United States is an undocumented immigrant, and that they make up a significant portion of the people who build our houses, clean our office buildings and prepare our food.America has become a nation dependent on the presence of newcomers, both those with green cards and those

13、without. Business leaders say agriculture, construction, meatpacking and other industries would collapse without them.Sure, it would be great if everyone were here legally, if the immigration service werent such a disaster that getting a green card is a lifes work. It would be great if other nations

14、 had economies robust enough to support their citizens so leaving home wasnt the only answer. But at a certain point public policy means dealing not only with how things ought to be but with how they are. Heres how they are: these people work the jobs we dont want, sometimes two and three jobs at a

15、time. They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their children wont have to, which is good. They use services like hospitals and schools, which is a drain on public coffers, and they pay taxes, which contribute to them.Immigration is never about today, always about tomorrow, an exercise in th

16、at thing some native-born Americans seem to have lost the knack for: deferred gratification. Its the educated man who arrived in the Washington D. C., area and took a job doing landscaping, then found work as a painter, then was hired to fix up an entire apartment complex by someone who liked his wo

17、rk ethic. He started his own business and wound up employing others. Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is now supporting the nations economy?If any towns, whose aging populations were on the wane before the immigrants arrived, succeed in driving newcomers away, t

18、hose who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserted restaurants and houses that will not sell. Its the civic equivalent of starving to death because you dont care for the food. But at least everyone involved can tell themselves their town wasted away while they were speaki

19、ng English.（分数：10.00）(1).It is estimated that _ of US workforce is made up of undocumented immigrants.（分数：2.00）A.15 percentB.one thirdC.4.5 percentD.one in four(2).What is the image of undocumented immigrants in the authors opinion?（分数：2.00）A.illegal and need to be sent back to where theyre from.B.e

20、ssential to the construction of US economy.C.encouraged to work illegally in US.D.enjoying the public services without contributing to them.(3).According to the text, if all the newcomers are driven away from a city, it would be possible that _（分数：2.00）A.the economy would be more prosperous because

21、of convenience of management.B.house lease industry may decline due to lack of customers.C.people in the city may starve to death.D.everyone will involve in the process and cheer for it.(4).In the authors opinion, why do undocumented immigrants straggle for life?（分数：2.00）A.provide services to US cit

22、izens.B.do those the US citizens dont want to do.C.enable their own country be robust enough to support themselves.D.make their children to be legal citizens of the US.(5).The example of the young man in Washington D.C. has shown that _（分数：2.00）A.all the illegal immigrants can be successful.B.it doe

23、snt matter whether an immigrant is legal if he can contribute to the country.C.only educated immigrants can support the development of US economy.D.a work visa is necessary for foreigners to get a job in the US.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Psychotherapy for as long as nine months is significantly more ef

24、fective than short-term treatment for alleviating depression associated with bipolar disease, new research suggests.The drugs used to treat depression are of limited use in treating the repeating depressive episodes of bipolar illness, according to background information in the article, published la

25、st week in The Archives of General Psychiatry.The researchers studied 293 patients with bipolar disease at 15 medical centers nationwide. They randomly assigned one group of 163 people to one of three kinds of psychotherapy consisting of up to 30 50-minute sessions over nine months.A second group of

26、 130 patients was assigned to “collaborative care,“ three sessions over six weeks designed to offer a brief version of the most common psychological and behavioral strategies shown to be beneficial in bipolar illness. The participants, whose average age was 40, were followed for one year, and all we

27、re also being treated with mood-stabilizing medicines.Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on challenging and controlling negative thoughts. In interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, patients concentrate on stabilizing daily routines and resolving interpersonal problems. Family therapy engages fam

28、ily members to help solve problems related to the illness, like failing to take medication properly, and to reduce the number of negative family interactions.Therapists at each of the 15 medical centers received brief training in the therapies they administered.“The study included real-world patient

29、s experiencing the early phases of a depressive episode,“ said David J. Miklowitz, the studys lead author. “And the therapists who delivered the treatment were trained by experts in the field with low-intensity training, which is typical of whats available in real-life practice.“Recovery rates after

30、 one year were a combined average of 64 percent for the intensive therapy groups, but only 52 percent for those who had brief therapy. In any given month, a patient undergoing longer-term therapy was more than one and a half times as likely to be well as one who had short-term treatment. Family ther

31、apy was slightly more effective than interpersonal or cognitive behavioral therapy, but the differences among the types of intensive treatment were not statistically significant.“This is a monumental study,“ said a professor of psychiatry who was not involved in the work. “There are no pharmaceutica

32、l companies willing to pay for research in psychotherapy, so we dont have many clinical trials.“ But, she added: “Psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is not an alternative to medication. Its a supplement.“The cost of long-term therapy is high, and insurance companies are reluctant to cover it

33、. But according to the professor, the cost of not covering it could be higher. “It isnt just the cost of the therapy. Its the long-term cost. Bipolar illness has devastating effects on families as well as on the patients themselves./（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “bipolar“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) m

34、ost probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a disease that is the same as depression.B.a disease that demonstrates alternative depression and its opposite.C.a disease that can be cured purely by psychotherapy.D.a disease that may be cured by medicine used for depression.(2).It has been found in the research that

35、 _ are more likely to be well.（分数：2.00）A.patients with intensive psychotherapy treatment for 9 months.B.patients undertaken brief psychotherapy courses.C.patients with the help of family to take medicine.D.patients taken medicine regularly without psychotherapy treatment.(3).The most prevailing type

36、s of psychotherapy dont include _（分数：2.00）A.collaborative care therapy.B.cognitive behavioral therapy.C.interpersonal therapy.D.family therapy.(4).According to the text, the study is considered as monumental in that _（分数：2.00）A.psychotherapy researches cannot get fund from pharmaceutical companiesB.

37、psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is a supplementC.clinical studies on psychotherapy are rare and preciousD.the finding of the research has overthrown belief in the past(5).It is better for insurance companies to cover the cost of long-term therapy because（分数：2.00）A.the cost of the long-ter

38、m therapy is high.B.bipolar illness is very costly.C.the adverse effects of bipolar illness are higher.D.long-term insurance is beneficial.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A curious election will take place in St Louis on April 3rd. Seven candidates will compete for two seats on the citys school board. The p

39、olls will open at 6am and stay open until 7pm. Staffing the polling stations and counting the electronic ballots will cost taxpayers at least $260,000. Two happy candidates will celebrate and take office-just in time to have the state of Missouri complete the takeover of the districts schools and gi

40、ve them and the other board members nothing to do for several years. This election to nothing comes after years of falling test scores, revolving superintendents, screaming matches between board members at public meetings and a growing dissatisfaction with every aspect of public education. The state

41、 board of education voted on March 22nd to take over the school district, effective in mid-June. Some prominent figures endorsed this course, including the mayor of St Louis, and even some members of the St Louis school board. Others in the city, though, are deeply opposed and ready to fight about i

42、t.Although the city schools overall have an amply deserved reputation for low standards, there are some good schools and many good students. The best students have the most to lose, fearing that the turmoil could damage their chances of getting into good universities. When the state education board

43、voted on the takeover, a group of angry students, teachers and other members of the public tried to disrupt the meeting. Protesters are still trying to use the courts to stop the action, and the teachers union has threatened a strike.Under Missouri law the citys schools will now be placed under a th

44、ree-member board appointed by the governor, the mayor and the president of the board of aldermen. Governor Matt Blunts choice of Rick Sullivan, the head of a building firm, has already been attacked because of Mr Sullivans lack of experience in education and because he lives in one of the wealthiest

45、 suburbs outside the city.Mr Sullivan and the other members, who have yet to be appointed, have an almost impossible task before them. The district, which in the past five years has turned a $52m surplus into a $24.5m deficit, has already closed schools, cut services and squeezed spending hard. But

46、as its critics point out, the elected school board still found plenty of money for tours and public relations.The trickle of voters turning out for the pointless board election will pass banners celebrating the new season of the world baseball champions. St Louis has made huge progress in attracting

47、 a new generation of young professionals to its downtown area, building new business developments and installing new infrastructure. The great failure in its schools puts all that in danger.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “curious“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably implies that _（分数：2.00）A.the e

48、lection is very eager to understand the unknown world.B.the election is extremely careful and significant.C.the election is strange for its expensive cost and pointless result:D.the election is held by children who are curious of the world.(2).Which of the following is the most result of winners of

49、the election?（分数：2.00）A.reverse the tendency of declination of education in St. Louis.B.do nothing that can improve the current circumstances in St. Louis.C.lead to the fulfillment of city security and stability.D.be supported by teachers and students generally.(3).By the process of appointment, which of the following parties cannot be reflected by the school board of the State?（分数：2.00）A.the chief executive of State Missouri.B.teachers and students of St. Louis.C.administrative leaders of St. Louis.D.the municipal congr