【考研类试卷】考博英语-529及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-529 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Our interests seem to _ at this point.（分数：1.00）A.constrainB.condenseC.conductD.converge2.The Olympic Games were watched by _ billions of people around the world.（分数：1.00）A.virtuallyB.literallyC.deliberatelyD.appropriately3.Ive ne

2、ver _ the theory that people are more important than animals.（分数：1.00）A.subscribed toB.hung onC.engaged inD.indulged in4.Since she was alone, she opened the door _, leaving the chain lock fastened.（分数：1.00）A.warilyB.consciouslyC.audaciouslyD.recklessly5.What is the _ of going by boat when the plane

3、costs no more and is quicker?（分数：1.00）A.impressionB.meaningC.comprehensionD.sense6.Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to discuss _ to existing mass transit systems.（分数：1.00）A.substitutesB.measuresC.duplicatesD.alternatives7.Two trucks were reported to have _ head-on yesterday.（

4、分数：1.00）A.bumpedB.crashedC.collidedD.struck8.They are both very determined people, so theres rather _ by personalities.（分数：1.00）A.debateB.disagreementC.contestD.clash9.In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not surv

5、ival itself.（分数：1.00）A.crucialB.centralC.casualD.causal10.A physical examination is a _ to joining the army.（分数：1.00）A.parliamentaryB.preliminaryC.elementaryD.complementary11.He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief- _, he is the greatest devil I ever know.（分数：1.00）A.as a consequenceB.as a ruleC.as a matt

6、er of factD.as a matter of routine12.City officials are considering building a path to give the public _ to the site.（分数：1.00）A.recreationB.excessC.excursionD.access13.There was nothing we could do _ wait.（分数：1.00）A.or ratherB.but ratherC.rather thanD.other than14.The creation of UN was, perhaps, th

7、e most _ achievement of the 20th, century.（分数：1.00）A.obscureB.notableC.acuteD.objective15.The reporter managed to get an _ interview with the Prime Minister.（分数：1.00）A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive16.The people for the experiment were chosen completely _.（分数：1.00）A.at lengthB.in essenceC.

8、at randomD.in bulk17.President Bushs visit was planned to _ 30th anniversary of President Nixons visit to Chin（分数：1.00）A.A. depend onB. adhere toC. coincide withD. cling to18.His trick convinced none but the most _.（分数：1.00）A.credulousB.plausibleC.trustworthyD.feasible19.I dont understand why people

9、 _ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.（分数：1.00）A.locatedB.providedC.protectedD.littered20.You were _ by your absence yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.mercifulB.conscientiousC.conspicuousD.impartial二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)From the health point of view we are livi

10、ng in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of li

11、fe has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people t

12、he world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans ver

13、y worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brou

14、ght to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car pa

15、rks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notor

16、iously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is; a

17、ll the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a pers

18、ons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much, stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power a

19、nd performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is _.（分

20、数：1.00）A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?（分数：1.00）A.Society crit

21、icizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothin(3).Why does the author say “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?（分数：1.00）A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the oth

22、er part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?（分数：1.00）A.build more highwaysB.stricter driving testsC.test drivers every three yearsD.raise age limit and lay down safety s

23、pecifications(5).The attitude of the author is _.（分数：1.00）A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militant四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earths atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere for example, in the relative proportions of

24、 atmosphere gases the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent

25、 of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earths surface.The level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earths incoming energy is short wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. T

26、he Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown b

27、y the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430. If the CO 2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would

28、become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3. If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activities, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased,

29、a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures

30、many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set mag

31、nitude.Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1 may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where

32、 there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example, the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recordi

33、ng stations.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following questions does the passage supply information for answering?（分数：1.00）A.Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate?B.What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long wavelength

34、radiation?C.How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?D.What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?(2).The author is primarily concentrated on _.（分数：1.00）A.explaining the eff

35、ects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climateB.illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiationC.discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might have on climateD.challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate(3).The passage s

36、uggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in _.（分数：1.00）A.at least a slight decrease in global temperaturesB.at most a slight increase in short wavelength radiation reaching the EarthC.a slight long-term increase in global temperaturesD.a slight short-term inc

37、rease in global temperatures(4).The author refers to the Venus primarily in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theoryB.show that the greenhouse effect works on other planets but not on the EarthC.show the extent to which Earths atmosphere differs from that of t

38、he VenusD.support the argument that the CO2 level in the atmosphere has a significant effect on climate(5).The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at the present time, it would be _.（分数：1.00）A.easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundance of tempe

39、rature recording stations throughout the worldB.difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuelsC.easy to demonstrate the effects of the warming on the water vapor in the atmosphereD.difficult to measure the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere because of local variations i

40、n amount五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and t

41、he kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquain

42、tance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to s

43、upplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or-independently of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more r

44、ealistic view of what science is who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship

45、between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more w

46、omen. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, howev

47、er, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and s

48、he. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that

49、we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science(2).We need to know something a