【考研类试卷】考博英语-173及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-173 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Recent research from animal behaviorists suggests that “as the crow flies“ should no longer be taken to mean “the shortest distance between two points.“ Zoologists at Oxford University, 1 conducted an eighteen-month 2 of homing pigeons, hav

2、e concluded that under some circumstances, pigeons follow 3 visual landmarks to find their way home 4 than taking the shortest, most direct route. 5 for their ability to navigate long distances, homing pigeons use the 6 of the sun and stars, their inbuilt compasses, and perhaps also their sense of s

3、mell to direct their flight over long 7 or on a journey for the first time. 8 , different factors appear to affect a pigeon“s navigation 9 it is released close to its 10 . Animal behaviorists reached this 11 after attaching small global positioning devices to the backs of pigeons and releasing them

4、a few miles from their home. These devices enabled the scientists to 12 the precise location of each pigeon every second of 13 flight. Each pigeon was tracked for approximately twenty flights from the 14 point. For the first several flights, each bird“s path 15 significantly from the paths it had ta

5、ken 16 . Subsequently, 17 , the bird would tend to follow the same path, 18 after flight, even though that path was not always the most direct route home. The scientists concluded that pigeons use a 19 of familiar visual landmarks to find their way when they are near their home rather than relying p

6、rimarily on compass navigation. Major highways are one 20 landmark. Almost comically, some of the pigeons followed the path of a major highway they could see below them, turning where the road turned, and even following the circular path of the exit ramps.（分数：40.00）A.whichB.thenC.whoD.hadA.checkB.fl

7、ightC.periodD.studyA.fullB.familiarC.magneticD.noA.longerB.otherC.fewerD.ratherA.CertainB.RegardlessC.KnownD.ConcerningA.compositionB.influenceC.positionD.dimensionsA.distractionsB.distancesC.momentsD.delaysA.SimplyB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.ConsequentlyA.whenB.untilC.stillD.sinceA.flightB.wingsC.homeD.y

8、oungA.decisionB.ideaC.conclusionD.summaryA.approveB.matchC.manipulateD.recordA.itsB.groupC.perD.oneA.sameB.actualC.distantD.homeA.reducedB.variedC.followedD.improvedA.offB.firstC.earlierD.overA.neverthelessB.moreoverC.althoughD.thoughA.flightB.rightC.thenD.soonA.unitB.sumC.linkD.chainA.exampleB.such

9、C.similarD.typeMost people who travel long distances complain of jetlag (飞行时差反应). Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 21 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 22 of your “body clock“a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 . The body clo

10、ck is designed for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The 26 of jetlag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is

11、 28 that is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 31 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag. A

12、 successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 33 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary (旅行路线) and the indi

13、vidual“s sleep 36 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 37 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 38 bright light, you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 39 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light devic

14、e to provide the necessary light 40 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：40.00）A.forB.fromC.toD.ofA.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruptionA.actionsB.functionsC.reflectionD.behaviorA.regularB.formalC.continualD.circularA.retainsB.encountersC.possessesD.experiencesA

15、.diseasesB.symptomsC.signsD.defectsA.whileB.whereasC.ifD.althoughA.adaptableB.approachableC.availableD.agreeableA.broadB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.extensiveA.devisedB.recognizedC.scrutinizedD.visualizedA.atB.throughC.inD.asA.mostB.leastC.littleD.moreA.attainB.shedC.retrieveD.seekA.onB.withC.forD.inA.uni

16、queB.specificC.complicatedD.peculiarA.normB.modeC.patternD.styleA.directoriesB.instructionsC.specificationsD.commentariesA.offB.onC.forD.upA.orB.andC.butD.whileA.agitationB.spurC.accelerationD.stimulus2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade 41 was 2008, and before that 2007 and 200

17、6. In fact, industry revenues have been 42 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling. Maybe that“s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 43 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to genera

18、te markedly 44 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 45 . According to the Pew Interact project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops. I“d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won“t do much harm. But even as I“ve he

19、ard over the past decade that things weren“t 46 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year“s numbers have been worse. Maybe it“s time to admit that we may never find a way to 47 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid. 48 on th

20、is problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn“t always 49 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual

21、 property,“ he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 50 that keep(s) us from taking each other“s things.“（分数：20.00）A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.SoA.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifyingA.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.piratingA.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferableA.numerousB.ubi

22、quitousC.accessibleD.effortlessA.soB.thisC.thatD.muchA.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equateA.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.DrawingA.match up withB.fill inC.fit intoD.set upA.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette考博英语-173 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Recent research from anim

23、al behaviorists suggests that “as the crow flies“ should no longer be taken to mean “the shortest distance between two points.“ Zoologists at Oxford University, 1 conducted an eighteen-month 2 of homing pigeons, have concluded that under some circumstances, pigeons follow 3 visual landmarks to find

24、their way home 4 than taking the shortest, most direct route. 5 for their ability to navigate long distances, homing pigeons use the 6 of the sun and stars, their inbuilt compasses, and perhaps also their sense of smell to direct their flight over long 7 or on a journey for the first time. 8 , diffe

25、rent factors appear to affect a pigeon“s navigation 9 it is released close to its 10 . Animal behaviorists reached this 11 after attaching small global positioning devices to the backs of pigeons and releasing them a few miles from their home. These devices enabled the scientists to 12 the precise l

26、ocation of each pigeon every second of 13 flight. Each pigeon was tracked for approximately twenty flights from the 14 point. For the first several flights, each bird“s path 15 significantly from the paths it had taken 16 . Subsequently, 17 , the bird would tend to follow the same path, 18 after fli

27、ght, even though that path was not always the most direct route home. The scientists concluded that pigeons use a 19 of familiar visual landmarks to find their way when they are near their home rather than relying primarily on compass navigation. Major highways are one 20 landmark. Almost comically,

28、 some of the pigeons followed the path of a major highway they could see below them, turning where the road turned, and even following the circular path of the exit ramps.（分数：40.00）A.whichB.thenC.who D.had解析：解析 本题考查定语从句，后面的“conducted an eighteen-month”是对前面 Zoologists的修饰，先行词应该是与人相对应的，因此应为 who。由此可知正确答

29、案为 C选项。A.checkB.flightC.periodD.study 解析：解析 文中横线句子句意：牛津大学的动物学家进行了 18个月的信鸽_，得出结论根据语境，动物学家应该是对此进行了研究，分析各个选项，study 符合题意，由此判断答案为 D选项。A.fullB.familiar C.magneticD.no解析：解析 对本题横线处的填写需要结合整篇文章的意思，联系文章填空 19“The scientists concluded that pigeons use a _ of familiar visual landmarks”及全文意思可知，此处想要表达的是鸽子能够通过熟悉的地标来

30、找到回家的路，因此本题横线处应填 familiar，答案为 B选项。A.longerB.otherC.fewerD.rather 解析：解析 本题考查固定搭配。本句想表达的意思是鸽子会通过熟悉的地标按原路返回家里，而不是以最短的距离直线飞回家。“rather than”有“而不是；宁可也不愿”的意思，符合此处意思，因此答案为 D选项。A.CertainB.RegardlessC.Known D.Concerning解析：解析 此处想表达的是鸽子具有导航能力且能够长途跋涉，因此此处空格处应表达一个人们熟识的事实，故用 know表示这是一个众人皆知的事情。故此处答案为 C选项。A.composit

31、ionB.influenceC.position D.dimensions解析：解析 本句意思为：信鸽利用太阳和星星的_和它自己的内置罗盘以及嗅觉来辨识方向。想表达的意思是，信鸽会通过太阳和星星的方位来识别方向，因此答案为 C选项。A.distractionsB.distances C.momentsD.delays解析：解析 本题需联系上下文，上句中提到鸽子有通过太阳星星，自我导航能力以及嗅觉来找到方向。此处则表达鸽子的导航能力表现在它可以在长距离飞行或第一次飞行中正确判别方向，因此答案为“distance”，故应选择 B。A.SimplyB.However C.OtherwiseD.Con

32、sequently解析：解析 A 简单地，仅仅；B 然而；C 否则；D 因此，结果。本句想表达的是然而，鸽子的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因此 B项符合题意。A.when B.untilC.stillD.since解析：解析 前面提到了长距离飞行，此处是说当鸽子被放飞到家附近的地方时，它的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因此应选表示时间的连词 when“当时”，因此答案为 A。A.flightB.wingsC.home D.young解析：解析 本题想要表达的是当信鸽被放飞到家附近的地方时，故此处应填 home，答案为 C。A.decisionB.ideaC.conclusion D.

33、summary解析：解析 此处横线句的意思是，动物学家通过给信鸽安装小型全球定位装置，将它们放到离家几公里的地方来做实验，可以得到信鸽有什么行为的结论。故此处想表达的是通过这个实验得到了结论，“conclusion”有结论，推理的意思，符合题意，为正确选项。A.approveB.matchC.manipulateD.record 解析：解析 通过上一题的意思可判断动物学家通过给信鸽安装小型全球定位装置，将它们放飞到离家几英里的地方，记录它们的精确位置，故知答案为 D选项“record”。A.itsB.groupC.per D.one解析：解析 本题横线处想要表达的是实验记录应该是对每一只信鸽每

34、次飞行过程中的每一秒都进行记录了。由此可知“per”符合题意，因此正确答案为 C选项。A.same B.actualC.distantD.home解析：解析 此句表达的意思是在同一地点进行约 20次放飞试验并作跟踪记录。一个实验进行了 20次，所以信鸽应该是从同一地点被放走实验的，故答案为 A。A.reducedB.varied C.followedD.improved解析：解析 此处表达的是，最初的几次放飞试验，信鸽的返回路径与放飞路径显著不同。vary from意为“与不同”，因此正确选项为 B。A.off B.firstC.earlierD.over解析：解析 本题考查固定搭配。“tak

35、e off”有“起飞”的意思，因此 A为正确选项。A.nevertheless B.moreoverC.althoughD.though解析：解析 上句说不同的路径，本句提到的是相同的路径。分析两句的逻辑关系可知，两句为转折关系。“nevertheless”意为“不过，然而”，故答案为 A选项。A.flight B.rightC.thenD.soon解析：解析 flight after flight 表示“成群的”，A 项正确。A.unitB.sumC.linkD.chain 解析：解析 本题考查固定的短语搭配。D 项正确。“a chain of”意为“一连串的，一系列的”，句意为：信鸽会通过

36、一系列熟悉的地标来找到返回的路。A.exampleB.such C.similarD.type解析：解析 此句中用主要的高速公路来进行举例，表明信鸽返回途中，高速公路就是这种路标。such修饰单数名词时，若名词前有 one修饰时，such 放在修饰词之后。因此答案为 B。Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag (飞行时差反应). Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 21 making mistakes. It is actually

37、 caused by 22 of your “body clock“a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 . The body clock is designed for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The 26 of jetl

38、ag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 28 that is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 31 contro

39、lled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 33 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper sc

40、hedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary (旅行路线) and the individual“s sleep 36 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 37 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 38 bright light, you should spend time outdoors

41、 if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 39 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 40 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：40.00）A.forB.fromC.to D.of解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：时差使商旅者效率降低，更容易犯错误。形容词 prone“易于的

42、”，后面只接介词 to，本句讲时差反应带来的后果。A.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruption 解析：解析 时差反应是由于“生物钟”节奏被打乱(disruption)引起的。这是名词与动作性名词之间的逻辑上的动宾语意搭配。A.actionsB.functions C.reflectionD.behavior解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：控制身体机能(functions)节律的一簇脑细胞。这是形容词与名词之间的偏正搭配。身体、生理的“功能、机能”与生理活动(actions)和生理反应(reflection)又是两码事，而我们不说生理行为(behavio

43、r)。A.regular B.formalC.continualD.circular解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：生物钟专门适应于“正常(有规律的)”白天与黑夜的交替节奏。本题易错误 continual，但该词的“不断、反复”侧重“频繁”，上下文不应有此含义。A.retainsB.encounters C.possessesD.experiences解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：既然生物钟有此特点，那么如果它在新的时区“遭遇”黑白颠倒的话，就失去平衡，也即上文的被打扰“disruption”。A.diseasesB.symptoms C.signsD.defects解析：解析 空格处所在词

44、意思是：时差反应的 symptoms“症状”，而不应为时差反应的 signs“信号”、diseases“疾病”或 defects“缺陷”。A.while B.whereasC.ifD.although解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：这些症状持续的“同时”，体内生物钟也在慢慢根据新的时区进行调整。A.adaptableB.approachableC.available D.agreeable解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：对付这一时差反应的方法体系现在“可以用起来”了。其他几个选项：agreeable“令人愉快的，一致的”、adaptable“可适应的”和 approachable“可接近的”均

45、不能修饰 system。A.broadB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.extensive 解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：这一方法系统建立在已被证明的“广泛的”开拓性科学实验基础之上。本题很多考生都误选 tentative，但既为开拓性的实验，当然是“试探性”的，上下文没有必要反复强调这种“试探性”，且 tentative作此解时常带有“踌躇”之意，故不妥。A.devised B.recognizedC.scrutinizedD.visualized解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：Martin Moore-Ede 博士“设计出”一种实用的方法来使生物钟尽快适应新的时区。本题易误

46、选的是 Dvisualize，但该词只表示“设想、想象”。A.atB.through C.inD.as解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：通过对亮光接触的控制。本题要注意的是空缺后的 controlled为定语，而非谓语动词省略 be。A.most B.leastC.littleD.more解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：消除时差反应带来的“绝大部分”不适，本句要注意正确理解 the time zone shift，这指的是通过博士介绍的方法所实现的“时区过渡”。A.attainB.shedC.retrieveD.seek 解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：时区顺利过渡的关键是要知道“获得”或回避亮

47、光的时间。本题不少参考书的答案各异，有选 attain的，也有选：retrieve 的，但 attain表示“目标的获得”即“达到”，retrieve 表示“重新得到”、“收回、取回”，与“亮光”搭配均不妥，另外连词 or经常连接意义相反的两个词，这里 seek与 avoid互为反义，根据下文，在没有亮光的时间要得到亮光决非易事，是要努力找寻(seek)的。A.onB.withC.for D.in解析：解析 本题需注意名词 schedule的介词搭配。选 C项 for合适，为固定搭配。故选 C项正确。A.uniqueB.specific C.complicatedD.peculiar解析：解析

48、 空格处所在句意思是：合适的接触亮光的时间表在很大程度上受利于“特定”的旅行计划。不应是复杂的(complicated)、唯一的(unique)或奇怪的(peculiar)计划。A.normB.modeC.pattern D.style解析：解析 “睡眠模式”英语中通常不说 sleep mode“睡眠样式”、sleep style“睡眠风格”或sleep norm“睡眠标准”。A.directoriesB.instructions C.specificationsD.commentaries解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：特定的飞行路线和个人的睡眠模式等数据被用来提供旅行指导(Trip Gui

49、de)，是有关于接触亮光确切时间的说明或指导，本题易错选 A，那是误把 directories(姓名地址录)当 directions了，也可能错选 Cspecifications，但该词表示“规格说明”。A.offB.onC.for D.up解析：解析 考查短语动词，上下文语义：当旅行指南调用“需要”明亮的灯光。Call for 意为“需要”，符合句意，故选 C项。A.or B.andC.butD.while解析：解析 正确选择本题需要正确理解本文最后一句，特别是 if从句的语义关系：两个由 or引述三种不易接触亮光的情况：外面天已黑、天气不好或在飞机上。A.agitationB.spurC.accelerationD.stimulus 解析：解析 空格处所在句意思是：“必要的亮光刺激”。spur 侧重“激励”或“激起”即刺激的结果，agitation 侧重刺激的负面性即“煽动”“焦燥不安”。2009 was the worst year for the record label