2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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1、1Unit 4 Earthquakes李仕才【短文语法填空】One night four college kids 1. (stay) out late，partying and having a good time.They paid no attention 2. the test that had been scheduled for the next day and didnt study.In the morning，they hatched a plan to get out of 3. (take) their test.They covered 4. (they) with g

2、rease(润滑油) and dirt and went to the Deans office 5. (nervous). Once there，they said they 6. (be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got 7. flat tire and had to push the car back to campus.The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep 8. (think)Then he offered them a

3、 retest three days later.They thanked him and accepted his offer.9 the test day arrived，they went to the Dean.The Dean put them all in separate 10. (room) for the test.They were fine with this since they had all studied hard.Then they saw the test.It had 2 questions.(1)Your Name (1 Points)(2)Which t

4、ire burst？ (99 Points)Options(a)Front Left (b)Front Right (c)Back Left (d)Back Right【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了几个大学生考前在外贪玩，之后撒谎逃避考试，系主任巧妙应对的有趣故事。1stayed 解析：考查动词时态。通读文章和“One night”可知发生在过去，故填stayed。2to 解析：考查介词。固定搭配 pay attention to sth.意为“留心，注意某事” ，故用介词 to。3taking 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing 形式作宾语，故填 taking。4themse

5、lves 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，他们在自己身上抹上润滑油和泥土。该空与句子主语“They”呼应，故用 themselves作宾语。5nervously 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。故用副2词 nervously修饰动词 went。6had been 解析：考查动词时态。参加婚礼发生在他们陈述事件之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。7a 解析：考查冠词。tire 是可数名词的单数形式，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，又因 flat的发音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。8thought 解析：考查名词。deep 是形容词，修饰名词，且 be/get lost

6、in thought为固定短语，意为“陷入沉思” ，故用名词 thought。9When 解析：考查连词。when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候” ，符合语境。10rooms 解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，系主任把他们安排在不同的房间，因此此处表示复数概念，故用 rooms。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境destroy vt.毁坏；破坏；消灭bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏rescue vt. & n救援；营救damage n. & vt.损失；损害expre

7、ss vt.表达；表示 n快车；速递judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 judgment n判断injure vt.损害；伤害 injured adj.受伤的 injury n伤害；损害frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬 frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的shock n休克；震惊；打击 vt. & vi.使震惊；震动 shocked adj.震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的2常考词汇congratulation n祝贺pl.贺词3event n事件；大事suffering n苦难；痛苦disaster n灾难

8、；灾祸shelter n遮蔽处；避身处；掩蔽sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地track n轨道；足迹；痕迹nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful adj.有用的extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极其，非常用所给单词的适当形式填空1I got a rescue (rescue) call from a woman in Muttontown.(2017全国卷)2It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, an

9、d proved extremely (extreme) popular with the public.(2017全国卷)3Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national (nation) emergency.(2016北京卷)4Larry told her that she should not move in case she injured (injure) her neck.(2016全国卷)5The art world gave me a chance to_express (express)

10、 myself without words.(2016天津卷)6Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment (judge)(2016江苏卷)7A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江卷)8Many of the images were stored in the damaged (damage)

11、wooden ship.(2016全国卷)9She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.(2016全国卷)10The people trapped (trap) in highrise buildings inspired Natalie most.(2016北京卷)4“天气及自然灾害”相关单词总汇disaster n灾难；不幸earthquake n地震drought n旱灾；干旱erupti

12、on n(火山)喷发thunder n. & v雷声；打雷lightning n闪电shower n阵雨thunderstorm n雷暴tornado n龙卷风hurricane n飓风typhoon n台风tsunami n海啸haze n雾霾“破坏”家族damage n. & vt.损失；损害destroy vt.毁坏；毁掉ruin n. & vt.毁灭；废墟“adj. ityn.”荟萃electricity 电popularity 受欢迎，流行reality 现实similarity 相似点security 安全equality 平等nationality 国籍personality 个

13、性activity 活动majority 大多数过去式、过去分词仍是动词原形的不规则动词小结burst 破裂；爆发cut 切，剪，割，削hurt 伤害5broadcast 播放cost 花费set 放置shut 关闭split 撕裂spread 伸展，张开upset 扰乱【完形填空】One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the

14、trees were _1_.Like many other parents，mine were hard to _2_ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd _3_.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some m

15、oney to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “_8_”，and she called my parents _9_ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sis

16、ters and sistersinlaw went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11_ Sunday，we all met at my house and _12_ the trees into a truck.I _13_ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was _14_ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them _15_ we were t

17、here.When Christmas _16_，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got _17_ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I _18_ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome _19_ and remember giving a special _20_ to special people at Christmas in Octo

18、ber.1A.distinctive BfragrantCexpensive Dpretty2A.shop BrepresentCanswer Dcare63A.deserve BappreciateCadvertise Dimagine4A.result BnumberCprice Dexpress5A.afford BexpectCfancy Dhandle6A.frighten BassistCsurprise Dreward7A.warmed BfrozeCsoftened Ddarkened8A.trick BpurchaseCchoice Ddecoration9A.in adva

19、nce Bin timeCby accident Don purpose10A.service BactionCeffect Dproduction11A.regular BseparateCgiven Dchosen12A.sorted BloadedCtransported Dtransplanted13A.dressed up Bpassed offClooked on Dstarted out14A.delighted BannoyedCdisappointed Dconvinced15A.when BhowCwhy Dwhether16A.came around Bdropped o

20、utCturned up Ddrew in17A.generous BadditionalCdouble Dspecial18A.even BjustConce Dstill19A.farms BtreesCtrucks Dyards720A.congratulation BgiftCdonation Dgreeting【解题导语】本文为记叙文，涉及家庭关系话题。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1D 上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome” ，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distincti

21、ve“与众不同的” ；fragrant“芳香的” 。2A 根据上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to” ，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物” 。3B 根据上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的

22、内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve“值得，应得” ；appreciate“感激，欣赏” ；advertise“为做广告” ；imagine“想象” 。4C 根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。express“快递” 。5A 参见上题解析。6C 从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母

23、一个惊喜(surprise)。assist“帮助，协助” 。7B 根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze“结冰”符合语境。soften“变软，软化” 。8A 根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)” 。9A 根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在

24、周日来拜访。in time“及时” ；by accident“意外地” ；on purpose“故意地” 。10B 根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，随后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action“行动起来”符合语境。go into service“投入使用” ；go into effect“生效” ；go into production“投产” 。11D 根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。regular“惯常的，有规律的” 。12B 根据下文的“the trees into

25、 a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡8车。transport“运输，运送” ；transplant“移植” 。13A 根据下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把冒充为” ；look on sb./sth.as“把当做” ；start out as“以开始，起初是” 。14D 根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced“确信，坚信”符合语境。15C 根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么

26、(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。16A 根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around“再次出现，再度发生” ；drop out“退出” ；turn up“出现” ；draw in“(白天变得)渐短” 。17C 根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜

27、访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。additional“额外的” 。18D 根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。19B 参见上题解析。20B 作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。donation“捐赠物” ；greeting“问候” 。二重点短语识记思考运用1be过去分词/形容词介词be buried in 埋头于be trapped in 陷入be pr

28、oud of 以而自豪2介词名词at an end 结束；终结in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3其他形式dig out 掘出；发现judging from 从判断9right away 立刻；马上think little/nothing of 以为没什么了不起a (great) number of 许多；大量的as if 仿佛；好像用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Macs bicycle as_if it were a kill.(2017浙江卷)2They didn

29、t think_much_of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.(2017浙江卷)3When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.(2016北京)4Just wait a few minutes. Well be back right_away.5She was_trapped_in the burning house, which worried her

30、parents.“inn.”表状态集锦in battle 在战斗中in tears 流着泪，在哭着in debt 负债，欠账in place 在合适的位置，适当的in danger 在危险中in trouble/difficulty 处于困境中in sight 被见到，在视线之内in order 秩序井然，整齐三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句 学句型 练仿写1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。too.to.意为“太而不能” ，表示

31、否定意义。我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。We had intended to take a twoday trip, but we were_too_busy_to_afford it.2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！as if“好像；似乎；仿佛”。后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。10情况常用虚拟语气。 The storyteller was telling us a story in a vivid way as_if_he_had

32、_experienced_it_himself.3.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。本句是部分否定。All.not.Not all.“并不是所有的都” 。并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我们应严格要求他们。All_students_dont_obey/Not_all_students_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them.【七选五】Social PhobiaIts natural to feel nervous, or shy in fr

33、ont of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. 1 Its probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxi

34、ety).2 It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them f

35、rom making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further.It is really sad, isnt it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course

36、 its not always easy. Dealing 11with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. 3 Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for th

37、em. 4 Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way.Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can

38、 learn to be more comfortable. 5 As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.A. Friends can overcome their fears.B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme.C

39、. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.E. It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small st

40、ep.G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try 12something new.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是社交恐惧症的危害和解决办法。1.B 【解析】根据上文可知此处表示对于某些人来说，这种焦虑可能是极端的。，故选B。2.D 【解析】根据本段的内容可知，本段表示的是社交恐惧症的不良影响，与 D项（社交恐惧症使人孤独或对错过的机会感到失望）一致，故选 D。4.G 【解析】根据上文可知此处表示家人和朋友的支持在帮助克服社交恐惧症时的重要性，与 G项一致，故选 G。5.F 【解析】根据上下句可知此处表示每一步的成功帮助建立足够的信心进行下一步，故选 F。