2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars(含解析)新人教版必修3.doc
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1、1Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars李仕才【短文语法填空】It is well known that the Chinese have great respect for their elders, and here is an occasion to show itthe Chongyang Festival. It falls 1. the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In Chinese, nine 2. (regard) as the number of “yang”. The ninth da
2、y of the ninth month is the day that has two“yang” numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double, which is 3. the name “Chongyang” came into being.The festival can date back to the Warring States Period. However, it was not 4. (formal) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. In 1989, the Chinese go
3、vernment 5. (declare) the ninth day of the ninth lunar month to be the Seniors Daya day to respect 6. elderly and to let them enjoy 7. (they)Traditionally, people climb mountains, drink chrysanthemum(菊花) wine, and eat Chongyang cakes. Since “cake” in Chinese is pronounced “gao” meaning “high”, peopl
4、e consider climbing a high mountain to be the same as eating cakes in the hope of 8. (promote) to high positions. And people often think that chrysanthemum wine can get rid of all kinds of diseases and 9. (disaster)Today many activities are held 10. (show) respect to the seniors like organizing a tr
5、ip for them, sending them gifts and more on the day of the festival.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国的传统节日重阳节的历史发展、名称由来等。1on 解析:考查介词。重阳节是在农历九月初九这一天。在特定的某一天用介词on。2is regarded 解析:考查动词时态和语态。在中国,九被视为阳数。主语 nine和动词 regard之间是被动关系,表示“被视为” ,故用被动语态;此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时。23how 解析:考查表语从句的连接词。九月的第九天含有两个阳数, “重”在汉语中表示“双倍”的意思,
6、这就是重阳节名称的由来。根据语境可以判断,空处表示“重阳节名称的由来” ,故用 how引导该表语从句。4formally 解析:考查副词。根据空处后的动词 set可知,空处修饰该动词,故用副词形式。5declared 解析:考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“In 1989”可知,该句陈述的是发生在 1989年的事情,故用一般过去时。6the 解析:考查定冠词。the形容词,表示一类人。the elderly 表示“老年人”。7themselves 解析:考查反身代词。1989 年,中国政府宣布农历九月初九为“敬老节” ,以此来尊敬老人,并让他们过得愉快。enjoy oneself 意为“得
7、到乐趣” 。8being promoted 解析:考查非谓语动词。根据空处前的介词 of可知,空处用动词的ing 形式;根据语境可知,主语 people和动词 promote之间是被动关系,表示“被提升” ,故用 being promoted。9disasters 解析:考查名词复数。人们常常认为菊花酒能消除各种疾病和灾难。根据该句中“diseases and”可知,空处用复数形式。10to show 解析:考查动词不定式。如今,人们举办许多活动如组织老人旅游、给老人送礼物以表达对老人的尊敬。根据句意可知,空处表示目的,故用动词不定式。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇multiply vi.&
8、vt.乘;增加crash vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽float vt.&vi.使浮动;使漂浮 n.漂浮物puzzle vt.&vi.使迷惑;使为难 n.谜;难题exist vi.生存;存在 existence n存在;生存violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 violence n暴力harmful adj.有害的 harm n&vt.伤害,损害2常考词汇3unlike prep. 与不同;不像pull n&vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力gentle adj. 温和的;文雅的thus adv. 因此;于是mass n. 质量;团;块;大量;(复)
9、群众gravity n. 万有引力;重力fundamental adj. 基本的;基础的fundament n. 基础,根本religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的biology n. 生物学biologist n. 生物学家biological adj. 生物学的physicist n. 物理学家physics n. 物理学extinct adj. 灭绝的;绝种的extinction n. 灭绝用所给单词的适当形式填空1What I saw was completely unlike (like) anything I had experienced in
10、the past.(2017全国卷)2Last October, while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled (pull) out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away.(2017浙江卷)3Rezwan is creating floating (float) connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways.(2017江苏卷)4On September 11, 1933,
11、famous physicist (physics) Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”(2017北京卷)5It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence (exist)(2016全国卷)6I began to learn thi
12、s when I had my car crashed (crash)(2016天津卷)7One important biological (biology) factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.(2016四川卷)8Some people may think that a garden is no more than 4plants,flowers,patterns and masses (mass) of color.(2016全国卷)“推,拉”家族pu
13、ll n&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力draw vt.&vi.拖,拉drag vt.&n.拖,拉,拽push v&n.推,推动(力)“碰、撞”家族hit v碰撞,打击crash v碰撞;坠落bump n&v.撞;碰撞(声)collide v碰撞;相撞collision n撞击;碰撞run into 撞上knock into 撞上knock together 相撞后缀-ist 必备名词荟萃archaeologist 考古学家biologist 生物学家chemist 化学家physicist 物理学家psychologist 心理学家specialist 专家sociologist 社会学家sci
14、entist 科学家typist 打字员tourist 旅游者,游客【完形填空】It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will _1_ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired,and _2_ to climb further.With a broad _3_,he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(瘫痪) in both legs and was _
15、4_ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully,he could _5_ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of _6_ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the 5_7_ money.After a few days,he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for accommodation.This time I was more
16、or less _8_ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said, “This is all I have.”A year went by and I had moved to a(n) _9_ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt _10_ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago.I aske
17、d him how he was doing.He said, “What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my _11_ state.”“With your kind help I am now able to _12_ on my legs without support.I was operated _13_.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable _14_.”I dont _15_ remember if I gave him my phone number._16_,
18、what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people _17_ in the future.I dont know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were _18_ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to hel
19、p people as I saw a(n) _19_small or big._20_ a lifechanged event of my life.1A.send BbreakCbring Dturn2A.struggling BsubstitutingCplaying Dwalking3A.look BsmileCview Dwhisper4A.finding BraisingCseeking Dearning5A.pretend BintendCattend Dtend6A.interests BmindsCworries Ddoubts7A.remaining BleftChidin
20、g Dforgotten8A.informed BpreparedCconvinced Doutspoken9A.new Bold6Csystematic Dbad10A.remind BrecognizeCreplace Drepeat11A.excited BmessedCdisabled Dstressed12A.live BbaseCfocus Dstand13A.successfully BsurprisinglyChopefully Dnaturally14A.reason BpromiseCcharacter Djob15A.also BevenCalready Donly16A
21、.Therefore BOtherwiseCHowever DMeanwhile17A.in need Bin placeCin favor Din advance18A.bringing BputtingCrunning Dpulling19A.behavior BcaseCaccident Dopportunity20A.Strangely BTrulyCGenerally DOriginally【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一次无意间的帮助改变了一位瘫痪者的一生。这件事也改变了作者的人生,让他决定继续帮助那些有困难的人。1D 考查动词短语辨析。此处指作者从未想过一个小小的帮助最后竟成
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