山东省菏泽市2019年中考英语动词及动词短语考点剖析.doc

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1、第 1 页 共 12 页2019 年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语考点一 常见易混动词辨析1spend/pay/cost/take 表示“花费”spend 主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth.pay 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay. for.spend. oncost 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.)take多用 it 作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend(s) (in) doing sth.Mom never spends any

2、 money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我 12 块钱吗？我下周还你。It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。2look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look 看(动作)；可单独成句；look at.watch 看(电视、比赛)；注视se

3、e 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.)read 看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心look 可以表示“看上去” ，是感官系动词，后接形容词。看病(看医生)用 see a doctor 表示。3speak/say/talk/tell 表示“说”speak 发言；说(某种语言)say 说(内容)；写有talk 谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官动词 look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook 看起来(视觉)taste 尝起来(味觉)第 2 页 共 12 页s

4、ound 听起来(听觉)feel 摸起来(触觉)smell 闻起来(嗅觉)5.borrow/lend/keep 表示“借”borrow 借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend 借给；lend sth. to sb.keep 借用若干时间；keep. for 2 days6hope/wish/expecthope 希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 从句wish 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 从句expect 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb.

5、to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget 表示“忘记”时，forget 通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear 听见；hear名词(强调听的结果)listen 听；listen to名词(强调听的过程)sound 听起来； sound形容词(强调听的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear “穿着；戴着” ，强调状态，wear 后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等put on “穿上；戴上” ，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off”dress“穿衣”

6、 ，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服” ；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”be in 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词10.reach/get/arrivereach “到达” ，是及物动词(比 get 更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)get “到达” ，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 toarrive “到达” ，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地第 3 页 共 12 页方)1(2018山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)I meeting Jack today because I am still ang

7、ry with him.Come on, Mary. You are good friends.Aavoid Bexpect Cenjoy2(2018广东普宁模拟改编)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one.Asaid Btold Cspoken3(2018广西贵港港南二模改编)How much money did he you yesterday?500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.Agive Bborrow Clend4.(20

8、18甘肃定西中考改编)I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you it at home?Alost Bforgot Cleft5(2018四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.Acosts Bspends Ctakes考点二 动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1同一动词的不同搭配(1)look 短语loo

9、k after 照料；照顾 look at 看look for 寻找；寻求 look forward to 盼望；期待look out 注意；当心；向外看look through 快速查看；浏览look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看look up to 钦佩；仰慕第 4 页 共 12 页(2)cut 短语cut down 砍倒 cut off 切除cut out 删除；删去 cut up 切碎(3)run 短语run after 追逐；追赶 run away 跑开run out (of)用尽；耗尽(4)turn 短语turn down 调低 turn up 调高turn. i

10、nto 变成turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turn off 关掉 turn left/right 向左/右转(5)take 短语take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of 照顾；处理take down 拆除；往下拽；记录take in 吸入；吞入(体内)take off 脱下；起飞take place 发生；出现take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做(6)get 短语get dressed 穿上衣服 get into 陷入；参与get lost 迷路 get off 下车 get on 上车get on with 与相处get up 起床；站起(7)u

11、se 短语be/get used to 习惯于be used to do 被用来做used to 曾经；过去(8)give 短语give away 赠送；捐赠give out 分发；散发第 5 页 共 12 页give up 放弃 give in 屈服give off 发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等)(9)call 短语call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话call in 召来；叫来call up 打电话给(某人)；征召(10)come 短语come true 实现；成为现实come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)(11)bring 短语bring back 恢复

12、；使想起；归还bring up 养育；抚养bring out 使显现；使表现出(12)fall 短语fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love 爱上；喜欢上 fall over 绊倒(13)go 短语go along (the street) 沿着(这条街)走go off (闹钟)发出响声 go out 外出(娱乐)(14)make 短语make sure 确保；查明make up 编造(故事、谎言等)make a decision 做决定make fun of 取笑make use of 利用(15)put 短语put on 增加(

13、体重)；发胖 put off 推迟put up 搭起；举起；张贴 put away 收拾(整理)好put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 put out 熄灭第 6 页 共 12 页(16)set 短语set out 出发；启程set up 建起；建立2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配(1)up 短语cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up 打扫(或清除)干净dress up 装扮；乔装打扮end up 最终成为；最后处于fix up 修理；装饰grow up 长大；成熟hurry up 赶快；急忙pick up 捡起；接电话show up 赶到；露面stay

14、up 熬夜wake up 醒；叫醒(2)out 短语blow out 吹灭check out 察看；观察 clear out 清理；丢掉find out 查明；弄清hand out 分发hang out 闲逛；常去某处 lay out 摆开；布置leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略sell out 卖光set out 出发；启程work out 成功地发展；解决(3)down 短语die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失look down 瞧不起let. down 使失望 lie down 躺下第 7 页 共 12 页pull. down 拆下；摧毁write down 写下；记录下(4)wi

15、th 短语agree with 同意；赞成compare. with 比较；对比connect. with.把和连接或联系起来deal with 应付；处理 share with 分享part with 放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)3完全不同的动词词组ask for 请求；恳求(给予)care for 照顾；非常喜欢believe in 信任；信赖 care about 关心；在意clean. off 把擦掉depend on 依靠；信赖divide. into 把分开separate from 分开；分离hear from 接到(某人的)信、电话等throw away 扔掉；抛弃drop

16、by 顺便访问；随便进入stick to 坚持；固守 pay attention to 注意；关注pass by 路过；经过 pay for 付费；付出代价prepare for.为做准备pull together 齐心协力；通力合作shut off 关闭；停止运转take sb.s place 代替、替换某人的位置think of 认为1(2018山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Its time for the weather report. Could Ithe TV, Dad?Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather fo

17、r tomorrow.第 8 页 共 12 页Aturn on Bturn off Cturn down2(2018山东临沂费县一模改编)In a basketball game, its very important for the players to play together and the best in each other.Ahand out Bbring out Ctake out3(2018黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟)One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延症). What should I do? what

18、you need to do first, and go for it today.AWatch out BWork out CWear out4(2018湖北丹江口 3 月诊断改编)Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”Thank you for reminding me of that.Alay out Bleave out Cbring out5(2018江苏常州常熟一模改编)Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.Sorry, I didnt

19、 see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香烟) at once.Aput out Bput away Cput up6(2018安徽中考改编)Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.Atake on Bsee off Cput away7(2018湖北襄阳中考改编)Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not. You cant todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn down Cgive a

20、way8(2018湖北宜昌中考改编)Were not supposed to those who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.Aturn out Blaugh at Cspread out考点三 情态动词原形与过去式用法 例句can/could表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.第 9 页 共 12 页(疑问句中)表示请求Can I help you?Could you give us a hand？(否定、疑问句中)表示可能性Can the news be true?The

21、 boy cant be Jim.表示可能性(可与 maybe 互 换) Tony may know the way.Maybe Tony knows the way.表示客气请求 May I come in？may/might表示祝愿 May you be happy.表示义务、命令或要求 We must tell the truth to our parents.must 表示肯定的猜测(否定猜测用 cant)Lisa must be at home.(推测现在状况)You must be kidding.(推测现在正在发生)They must have seen the movie.(推

22、测过去状况)Shall.？用于第一人称表示提建议或请求Shall we ask the teacher for help？shall/should should 用于各种人称，强调义务或责任He shouldnt be so selfish.用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议Will/Would you please take out the rubbish？will/wouldwill 用于各种人称表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you.1.情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。2mustnt 表示否定意义，意为“禁止

23、，不允许” 。3have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不” 。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。4 “May.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .cant.” 。“Must.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .neednt./.dont have to.” 。1(2018山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Ive ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.第 10 页 共 12 页Acant Bmustnt Cneednt2(2

24、018内蒙古通辽中考改编)Where are you going for your summer holidays? Igo to Dalian. I havent decided.Amay Bneed Cmust3(2018江苏盐城中考改编)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.Ashouldnt Bcant Cmustnt4(2018江苏泰州中考改编)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give the

25、m some safety tips.Ashould Bmight Ccould5(2018安徽中考改编)May I watch TV, Dad?When your homework is finished, you Ashould Bcan Cmust6(2018福建中考)Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?No, you Aneednt Bcant Cshouldnt7(2018广东中考改编)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doi

26、ng research on sea rice.If farmers start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise.Acan Bmay Cmust考点四 系动词/助动词1系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。分类 常见例词表示状态的系动词 be表示持续性的系动词 keep, remain, stay, stand表示感官的系动词 taste, smell, feel, look, sound 第 11 页 共 12 页表示变化的系动词 becom

27、e, turn, go, grow, get2助动词 be3助动词 do有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？4助动词 have第 12 页 共 12 页与过去分词构成各种时态。You havent been abroad before, have you？你以前没出过国，是不是？(2019原创)Do you really want to buy this pants?Yes. I Ado Bdid Cwant参考答案考点一 15 AACCC 考点二 15 ABBBA 68 AAB考点三 15 CABAB 67 AA考点四 A