2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十自然与环保（含解析）.doc

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1、1专 项 训 练 十 自 然 与 环 保时间：810 分钟/篇 分值：2 分/小题Passage 1(2018常德)Lets clean up the ocean together!We all know its important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man named Boyan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.When Boyan was 16, he went d

2、iving(潜水) in Greece. He was shocked to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do once plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didnt give up. He spent several months studying plastic

3、 pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers(漂浮的栅栏) to collect the_waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together with the help of natural ocean currents(洋流) and winds. Whats m

4、ore, the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil.Boyan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him: he wanted to make it a reality(实现). In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working hard

5、 to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.Would you like to join them?( )1. Where did Boyan decide to clean up the ocean?A. In Holland. B. In Greece. C. In England. ( )2. What does the waste mean in the third paragraph?A. The nets. B. The barriers. C. The plastic bags.( )3. What may be

6、 The Ocean Cleanup?A. A group. B. A club. C. A company.( )4. The author writes the passage to tell us _A. to clean up the ocean B. not to pollute the oceanC. to protect our environmentPassage 2(2018武汉)Andrew Holleman, a 12yearold boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet an

7、d forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some redtailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.Suddenly it was announced that t

8、he “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤 )would be covered with extra grounds.2When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water woul

9、d be polluted.Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响)the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.Although he was

10、 only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrews teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went doortodoor, to ask the people to si

11、gn(签名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there. Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save

12、 the environment.( )1. The passage is mainly about _A. 250 people who signed to help AndrewB. a brave boy who cared for the environmentC. the open land that suited animals and plantsD. the research of improving the environment ( )2. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means _A. supp

13、ort B. dislike C. disagree D. prefer( )3. Andrew was very worried because _A. the animals would be killedB. new houses would be built on the open landC. not all the neighbors were going to signD. the local government made a right decision( )4. According to the passage, Andrew _A. was good at going d

14、oortodoorB. got in no touch with the reportersC. usually acted like a person much olderD. was praised by his teachers and classmates( )5. We can infer(推测)that _A. the land would remain as it used to be B. the open land would be built into a parkC. the neighbors would have to move awayD. Andrew would

15、 soon work for the governmentPassage 3(2018广州)3“Save the whales！” Thats what the picture on Jake Smiths bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.I

16、t was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jakes hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing theyd have to do a

17、nything about.Then one whale swam in their direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded,_it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran t

18、owards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldnt do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made

19、sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand.

20、The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the wate

21、r a thankyou to those who had worked so hard to save its life.( )1. What does the picture on Jakes wall tell us about him?A. He lived near the ocean.B. He cared about the environment.C. He worked as an animal rescuer.D. He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.( )2. Why did the local people

22、 go down to the beach that morning?A. To swim with the whales.B. To help rescue the whales.C. To see the whales swimming.D. To watch a movie about whales.( )3. The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means _A. didnt move B. went back out 4C. washed over D. got up ( )4. How did Jake and his fami

23、ly help save the whale?A. By calling the rescue service.B. By asking their neighbours for help.C. By giving the rescuers food and drink.D. By controlling the people on the beach.( )5. In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place?a. The whale disappeared under the sea.b. People turned

24、on the light of the cars.c. Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.d. Animal rescue service brought its truck.e. People pushed the whale towards the sea.A. edbca B. ebcdaC. dbeac D. aebdc Passage 4(2018重庆 B卷)A wild baby bison(野牛) at Yellowstone National Park had to be killed because of tourists.Th

25、e tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold. They put it in their car and drove to park ranger(管理员) station.A ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻击) to protect their young.Park range

26、rs took the animal from the car and set it free. But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.Yellowstone National Park explained on Facebook that the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young. The park tried again and again to

27、make the baby bison live with its parents. After several times they had to give up.Many people expressed anger at both the tourists and the park.The park said that they did not have the ability to care for a young bison. They also said that it is “not the task of the park to save animals”The tourist

28、s were fined(罚款) $110 for touching park wildlife. Park rules say that visitors to Yellowstone should stay at least 22 meters away from all wildlife, and at least 90 meters away from bears and wolves.One ranger said that Yellowstone recently added many safety signs that say staying near the wildlife

29、there is dangerous to humans and animals as well. Those signs are written in English and other languages.( )1. The tourists took the baby bison to a park ranger station because they thought it looked _A. sad B. hungry C. happy D. cold( )2. The park ranger described the action of the tourists as a “d

30、angerous move” because _A. the tourists drove in a wrong wayB. adult bisons would attack the tourists5C. adult bisons couldnt look after their baby wellD. the tourists would make the baby bison sick( )3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The park refused to send the baby bis

31、on back.B. The visitors saved the baby bison.C. Many people are angry at the bison family.D. The smell from humans may bring trouble to bisons.( )4. From the passage, we can learn that _A. we must keep away from any wild animalB. we should care about wild animals in a right wayC. well be fined if we

32、 save a bison in the parkD. wed better write safety signs in many languagesPassage 5(2018泰安)A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasnt built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is eve

33、rywhere around the city.Even so, travel isnt that difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.Water makes the city special, but it is

34、 also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and theres nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, its underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.Once, people used too much underground water.

35、This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of

36、 water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italys biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water

37、. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.( )1. Which is the best way to travel in Venice?A. The waterways. B. Taxis and cars.C. 400 bridges. D. Boats and rain shoes.( )2. What doesnt cause Venice to get lower and lower?A. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.B. Seawater is everywhere around t

38、he city.C. People used too much underground water.D. The temperature has become higher over the years.( )3. What can we infer from the last passage?6A. Venice is sure to stop getting lower.B. High waters wont hit Venice any more.C. Scientists can solve the problems easily.D. Some possible ways help

39、to solve the problem.( )4. Whats the best title of this passage?A. The Places of Interest of VeniceB. The History of VeniceC. The Specials and Problems of VeniceD. The MOST Project of VenicePassage 6(2018湖州)In the modern age, human society runs on energy. Most machines need electricity to operate. H

40、umans can not live without electricity even a single day both in their daily life and work. They have many different ways to create electricity. But some ways are harmful to the environment.For example, fossil fuels(化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. F

41、irst, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gase

42、s, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.Tidal(潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. This uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals. Also dams(大坝) can cr

43、eate lots of clean energy. But dams create lakes and change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.Nuclear(核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap. It is also very clean. But many people are afraid of it beca

44、use it uses radioactive materials. Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days. So many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.( )1. According to the passage, which of the foll

45、owing is TRUE about fossil fuels?A. They are dug from the ground.B. They are considered expensive.C. They hardly harm the environment.D. They are not widely used in the world.( )2. From the passage, we know that tidal energy can_A. cause serious accidents B. change the way that rivers run C. give of

46、f a lot of harmful gases D. kill many living things in the ocean( )3. Nowadays many countries start to use nuclear energy more because_7A. its a common kind of energyB. people are not afraid of it nowC. its cheap, clean and safer than beforeD. people cant live without nuclear energy( )4. The passage

47、 is probably in the part of _ in a newspaper.A. health B. science C. culture D. sports, 小 词 典)1 dive v潜水 2. floating barrier漂浮的栅栏3 ocean current洋流 4. reality n现实5 soil n土壤 6. affect v影响7 sign v签名 8. bison n野牛9 ranger n管理员 10. attack v攻击11 fine v罚款 12. melt v融化13 fossil fuel化石燃料 14. tide n潮汐15 dam n大

48、坝16 nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的专项训练十 自然与环保Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫 Boyan的年轻人如何实现自己的梦想，同时呼吁人们要保护海洋。1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Boyan 决定在哪里清理海洋？根据第三段前三句“When Boyan was 16, he went diving (潜水) in Greece.The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean.”可知是在希腊。故选 B。2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中 the waste的意思是什么？根据第三段倒数

49、第二句中“make the plastic bags come together”与“collect the waste”为同义转换，可判断 the waste是指 The plastic bags，故选 C。3. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：The Ocean Cleanup可能是什么？根据第四段最后两句“In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working.”可推知这是一个由科学家、工程师和志愿者组成的团体，致力于清理海洋垃圾。故选 A。4. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们。根据文章第一段“Lets clean up the ocean together！”以及后文描写 Boyan为清洁海