[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编18及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 18 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 思考的人2011 年英译汉及详解With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,“ creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinketh by Ja

2、mes Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.【F1】Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all sharethat because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughtsand reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, w

3、e think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and【F2】while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,

4、in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.“ Achievement happens because you as

5、a person embody the external achievement; you dont “get“ success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allens book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.“【 F3】This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rat

6、ionalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the li

7、fe and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat,【F4】circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged“ then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer k

8、nows, a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allens book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.【F5】The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where be

9、fore we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 正规教育的地位2009 年英译汉及详解There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former

10、case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.【F1】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Rel

11、igious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.【F2】Only gradually w

12、as the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the fo

13、rms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.【F3】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effe

14、ct of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.【F4】Since our chief business with them is to en

15、able them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson h

16、as been learned largely through dealings with the young.【F5】We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of educationthat of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teachin

17、g and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 达尔文的思想2008 年英译汉及详解In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraor

18、dinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but【F1】he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect e

19、rrors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.【F2 】He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain tha

20、t he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.【F3】On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some

21、 of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species“ is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing som

22、e power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.“【F4】He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in n

23、oticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.“Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave

24、 him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. “【F5】Darwin was convinced that the loss of these ta

25、stes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 美国的知识分子2006 年英译汉及详解Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to

26、suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.Fi

27、rst, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?【F1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frank

28、ly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.【F2】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvi

29、ous a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectualsthe average scientist, for one.【 F3】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he

30、 has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine dutieshe is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.【F4 】 Bu

31、t his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethic

32、s.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.【F5】 They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human

33、problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in “public and illustrious thoughts,“ as Emerson would say, is something else.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1

34、8 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 艾伦的贡献在于他研究了“我们并不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其错误的本质。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句和定语从句。 通过 was 可以判断出，本句是“主一系一表”结构。第一个破折号后的 that 引导的是 assumption 的同位语从句，同位语从句中又嵌套了原因状语从句。第二个

35、破折号后的并列连词 and连接的是句子后面的 reveal 与句子前面的 take，这两个动词是并列关系。句尾处的 its 指代的是 assumption。本句的主干是 Allens contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。we all share 是定语从句，修饰assumption。 2 【正确答案】 尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识就可以维持“控制” 这种幻觉，但实际上我们还是不断面临这样一个问题：“为什么我自己不能够做到这件事情或实现那个目标呢?”【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句和让

36、步状语从句。 划线句是一个并列结构的后半部分，前半句未划线的部分是 while 引导的让步状语从句，可以译为“尽管”。紧跟在 question 后的问句事实上是 question 的同位语从句。本句采用顺译法，本句中“befaced with”的搭配意为“面对”。 3 【正确答案】 这一说法似乎能为忽视那些需要帮助的人找到借口，使剥削合理化，使上层人变得优越，底层人变得卑微。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：并列结构和 of 后置定语。 本句的主体结构为：This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语，介

37、词短语套介词短语，使得宾语非常复杂。for neglect of those in need 修饰 justification。of exploration，of the superiority，of the inferiority 修饰rationalization。而 of those at the top 和 of those atthe bottom 又分别修饰superiority 和 inferiority。为了使句子更加流畅，翻译中有时需要对词性进行转换。如：名词 justification 和 rationalization 需要转译成动词，意为 “为辩护”，“为找理由”。 4

38、 【正确答案】 环境仿佛是为激发我们的最大潜能而设，如果我们总感觉“上天不公”，就不太可能去有意识地努力摆脱我们的处境。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：不定式和条件状语从句。 本句主体结构是：circumstances seem to be designed to，and if we feel thatthen we are unlikelyto意为“环境好像是为 而设计，如果我们感受到，我们就不可能”。整个句子由 and 连接的两个分句构成，前后意思有转折。bring out the best 意为“最大程度激发”或“将发挥到极致”。 5 【正确答案】 其正面意义在于，了解了一切都取决于自己

39、，就有了诸多可能。以前，我们是熟谙各种局限的专家：现在，我们成了驾驭各种可能性的权威。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和状语从句。 本句主体结构为 The upside is the possibilities，意为“正面意义在于可能性”。contained in knowingthat everything is up to us，是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一个有连词 where引导的状语从句。where 在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation，to what point)的意思。本句中 contained 为后置定语，而其中又嵌套宾语从句，难度较大。整

40、个句子由分号连接的两个分句构成，后一分句在前一分句的基础上得出结论。 6 【正确答案】 可以说，衡量任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验的影响，但是这种影响并不是它最初动机的组成部分。【试题解析】 本部分考查的重点是：主语从句。 本部分由两个句子组成，由连词but 连接起来。第一句话的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 后面引导的主语从句。从句中的主语是 measure，of the worth 用来限定 measure，而 of any social institution 是用来限定 worth，即：这个标准是用来衡量一种价值的，而这个价值就是社会制度的价值。整个从句是主系表结

41、构，系动词 is 后就是解释这个measure 的具体内容。第二句是一个简单的系表结构，of itsoriginal motive 作为介词短语修饰 part。 7 【正确答案】 人们只是逐渐才注意到制度的这种副产品，而人们把这种作用视为制度运作的指导性因素则更加缓慢。【试题解析】 本部分考查的重点是：倒装句。 本部分由两个句子组成也是两个结构相似的倒装句。此处考查的是 only 作副词放在句首时，主句要倒装的知识点。这里两个句子提前的成分都是 gradually，强调的都是循序渐进的过程。第二句中用了“consideras”的结构，意为“认为是”。in 引导的介词短语限定了 factor的应

42、用范围。 8 【正确答案】 虽然在与年轻人的接触中，我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情产生的影响，但是在与成年人打交道时，这种情况就不那么容易发生。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：状语从句和主语从句。 本句的前半部分是一个while 引导的让步状语从句，从句中 while 表达的是“尽管”的意思，从句中的 it 是形式主语，in our contact with them 插入在 ignore 和其宾语 the effect 之间，of 引导的介词短语修饰 effect。句子的后半部分是主句，it 代表的是前句所说的事情，本句出现“not so+adj+as”的搭配，意为“不如 那样(形容词)

43、”。 9 【正确答案】 因为我们对年轻人的首要职责是使他们在日常生活中学会分享，因此我们不禁要考虑我们是否正在形成确保这种能力的力量。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：状语从句和动词搭配。 本句的主体是 we cannot help considering，开头是 since 引导的原因状语从句，since 是“既然”的意思，从句是主系表结构，主语是 our chief business，表语是 to enable them to share in a common life，解释了主语 business 的具体内容。主句中用了 cannot help doing 的动词搭配，意为“忍不住做”。

44、considering 后是省略了 that 的宾语从句whether 引出的是 considering 的内容。which 引导的定语从句修饰的是powers。 10 【正确答案】 因而，我们在迄今为止一直在考虑，在广义的教育过程中区别出一种更为正规的教育，即直接教学或学校教育。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：插入语，定语从句和同位语从句。 本句主干是：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education。that of direct tuition orschooling 与 a more formal kind of

45、 education 是同位语关系。within the broad educational process whichwe have been so far considering 是插入语，which引导的定语从句作 process 的修饰语。 11 【正确答案】 达尔文认为或许正是因为语言表达上的这种困难，促使他对每句话进行长久认真的思考，从而发现自己在观察和推理中的错误，这反而使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和动词的固定搭配。 本句的主干是he believes that。believes 后的 that 引导的是宾语从句，这里的 very 是形容

46、词词性，意为“正是，恰恰是”，这里是强调本句中的 difficulty 就是上文提到的那个困难。本句中用到了“have the advantage of doing”的搭配，意为“利于”。连词 and在这里连接的是 forcing 和 enabling。后一句中 in 引出了 errors 的范畴。 12 【正确答案】 达尔文还声称，自己长时间进行纯抽象性思考的能力十分有限，因此他认为自己在数学方面根本不可能成功。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和定语从句。 本句的主语是He，that 引导的是宾语从句，引出了 asserted 的内容。从句的主体是“his power wasvery

47、 limited”，to follow 引出的不定式做定语，修饰了 power。long 和 abstract是用来修饰 train of thought 的，其中有一个副词 purely 则是修饰 abstract 的。for which reason 引出定语从句，which 代前面整个句子，定语从句中又嵌套了 felt 引导的宾语从句。这里出现了“succeed with sth”的用法，等于“succeedin doing。” 13 【正确答案】 另一方面，一些批评家指责他虽然善于观察，但不具备推理能力，而他认为这种指责是没有根据的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语和倒装结构。

48、本句开头 on the other hand 可直译。本句主语是 he，谓语是 accept。本句中容易迷惑的地方是“aswell founded”，其实，本句中这部分被提前了，正常的语序应该是“he did not accept the charge as wellfounded”意为“他不认为那些指责有根据”，这里 as well founded 是 charges 的宾语补足语。而 while 前的 that 是 critics 的同位语，阐明了critics 的内容。 14 【正确答案】 达尔文谦虚地补充道，他“在注意到极易被忽略的事物并对其仔细观察方面，或许优于常人”。【试题解析】

49、本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和句子的层次。 本句的主语是 He，谓语是 add，add 后的 that 引出的宾语从句就是 add 的内容。句中“be superiorto”是固定搭配，意为“优于”。这里句子想要说他在两方面优于“the common run of men”，而这两方面用 and 来连接，即 in noticing things 和 in observing them 处于一个意义层次。本句中的“easily escapeattention”意为“容易被忽略的”。 15 【正确答案】 达尔文确信，失去了对绘画和音乐的爱好，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，可能还会损害到人的智力，更有损于人的道德品质。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和句子的层次。 本句的主语是Darwin。谓语部分是“was convinced”，convinced 后的 that 引导的是宾语从句。从句的主语是 loss，句子第一层是 “was not only”和“but might”，而 and 连接的则是第二个句子层次，是“to the intellect”和“to the moral character”的平行。句中“be injurious to”意为“ 对有伤害”，moralcharacte