API PUBL 4638-1996 Calculation Workbook for Oil and Gas Production Equipment Fugitive Emissions《石油和天然气生产设备 散逸性排放计算》.pdf

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1、API PUBL*4b38 96 m 0732290 0559224 585 m bX American Petroleum Institute documenting performance improvements; and communicating them to the public. The foundation of STEP is the API Environmental Mission and Guiding Environmental Principles. API ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION AND GUIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PRINC

2、IPLES The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers. The members recognize the import

3、ance of efficiently meeting societys needs and our responsibility to work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public. To meet these responsibilities, API

4、 members pledge to manage our businesses according to these principles: 9 To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials, products and operations. 9 To operate our plants and facilities, and to handle our raw materials and products in a manner that protects the environment

5、, and the safety and health of our employees and the public. 9 To make safety, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes. 9 To advise promptly, appropriate officials, employees, customers and the public of information on sig

6、nificant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards, and to recommend protective measures. 9 To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transportation and disposal of our raw materials, products and waste materials. 9 To economically develop and produce natural res

7、ources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. 9 To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety, health and environmental effects of our raw materials, products, processes and waste materials. 9 To commit to reduce overall emission and waste generation. 9

8、 To work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous 9 To participate with government and others in creating responsible laws, regulations and substances from our operations. standards to safeguard the community, workplace and environment. 9 To promote these princip

9、les and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleum products and wastes. API PUBL*4638 96 0732290 0559226 358 W Calculation Workbook for Oil and Gas Production Equipment Fugitive Emissions Healt

10、h and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4638 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: MICHAEL WEBB STAR ENVIRONMENTAL P.O. Box 2132 ST. GEORGE, UTAH 84771 APRIL 1996 American Petroleum Institute API PUBLJ4b38 9b 0732290 0559227 294 FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF

11、A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HE

12、ALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV-

13、ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETIERS PATENT. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE! AGAINST LIABIL- Copyright Q 1996 American Petroleum Institute iii API PUBL*qb38 96 = 0732290 0559228 120 = ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RE

14、COGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT: I STAFF CONTACTS Paul Martino, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE FUGITIVE EMISS IONS PROJEC T GROUP Charles Tixier, Chairperson, Shell Oil Company Jim Collins, AE

15、PT J. William Fishback II, Mobil Exploration & Production Kerry Mire, Texaco Exploration & Production, Inc. Vick L. Newsom, Amoco C.M. Pike, Exxon Corporation Andy Shah, Conoco, Inc. Jim B. Strong, Unocai Jenny Yang, Marathon Oil Company iv API PUBL*lO,OOO ppmv Emission Stream Factor Factor Gas 3.OE

16、-M 4.3 Light Oil 1.3E-04 3.9 Heavy Oil 2.1 E-05 NA Water/Oii* I .5E-04 NA Open End Gas 7.9E-04 2.9 Heavy Oil 3.8E-04 1.6 Light Oil 7.4E-04 2.3 Water/Oil* 1.9E-04 1.6 Heavy Oil Light Oil ._ . I. 7E-03 NA 5.8E-03 4.4 Pump Seals I IWiter/it* i 3.1 E-03 I 3.7 I Gas 1 .9E-02 3.9 Heavy Oil NA NA Valves Li

17、ght ii 2.7E-02 5.3 Water/Oii* 1.3E-03 NA Gas 1.3E-03 5.2 I I I Heavy Oil 4.4E-04 NA Light Oil 1 .OE-O3 4.6 Water/Oii* 5.1 E-04 3.4 These factors are for total organic compound emission rates, including non- VOCs such as methane and ethane, and apply to light crude, heavy crude, gas plant, gas produc

18、tion, and offshore facilities. “NA“ indicated that not enough data were available to develop the indicated emission factor. The “other“ category includes: compressors, diaphragms, drains, dump arms, hatches, instruments, meters, pressure relief valves, polished rods, and vents. Water/Oil emission fa

19、ctors apply to water streams in oil service with a water content greater than 50%, from the point of origin to the point where the water content reaches 99%. For water streams with a water content greater than 99%, the emission rate is considered negligible. * * * SOURCE: US PA Protocol for Equipmen

20、t Leak Emission Estimates (EPA-453/R-95-017), November, 1995 20 - API PUBL*4638 96 = 0732290 0559253 386 EXAMPLE 4 - Usina F.PA Scree nina Value Ranae - Emission Factors to Calculate Total Step 7 - Screen ail of the Components All components at an offshore gas production platform were screened with

21、the following results: Results of Screening at a Gas Production Platform TOTAL 6,188 6,072 116 Step 2 - Calculate Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions Using PA Screening Value Range Emission Factors from Table 3 Column two of the following tables shows the number of components found for each type of component. Column three in these tables shows the EPA emission factors. Column four shows the calculated total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions found by multiplying columns two and three. Emissions from Components with SV 4 0,000 ppmv SUB-TOTAL 6,072 4.6 21