API PUBL 4644-1997 Methodology for Estimating Incremental Benzene Exposures and Risks Associated with Glycol Dehydrators《乙2醇脱水器估算增量苯暴露与风险的方法》.pdf

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1、 STD-APUPTRO- PUBr4b44-ENGL 1997 6 0732270 U5b43Lb 731 W American Petroleum 11 Institute A METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREMENTAL BENZENE EXPOSURES GLYCOL DEHYDRATORS Health and Environmental Sciences Department Publication Number 4644 Febluary 1997 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4644-

2、ENGL I777 I0732270 05b4317 b78 A Methodology for Estimating Incremental Benzene Exposures and Risks Associated With Glycol Dehydrators Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4644 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: TEDJOHNSON TRJ ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 713 SHADYLAWN ROAD CHAPEL HIL

3、L, NORTH CAROLINA 27514 FEBRUARY 1997 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMP

4、LOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GR

5、ANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR I“GEMENT OF LETIERS PAENT. FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- All rights rese

6、wed. No part of rhis work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or orhenvise. without prior wrirren permission from rhe publisher. Contact the publisher. API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street. N.W., Washington,

7、 D.C. 20005. Copyright Q 1997 American Petroleum institute iii - - STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4b44-ENGL 1997 .3 0732290 O5b11319 440 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT: API STAFF CONTAC T P

8、aul Martino, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE E and Joan Abernathy, who provided word process- ing. We also thank Mr. Mike Dusetzina of EPAs Risk and Exposure Assessment Group for providing dispersion modeling data for the analyses described in this report. - STD.API/PETRO

9、 PUBL qb44-ENGL 1997 73229 5b4320 Lb2 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Paqe EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-1 INTRODUCTION . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . .

10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 1. 2. 3. AN EPA TEST RUN OF ISC2 USING 45 SELECTED METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4. INITIAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT 5. ESTIMATING INCR

11、EMENTAL BENZENE EXPOSURES AND ASSOCIATED CANCER RISKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 SIMRISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 5-1 DEFAULT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EXPOSURE FACTORS . . , . . . . .

12、 5-2 CALCULATION OF LIFETIME RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 6. A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING 50th AND 95th PERCENTILE VALUES OF LIFETIME RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 DISCUSSION . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、. . . . . . . 7-1 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 7. 8. Appendix A INITIAL MONTE CARLO ANALYSES BY EPAS RISK AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . A-1 Appendix B 348 METEO

14、ROLOGICAL STATIONS USED IN DISPERSION MODELRUNS . B-1 Appendix C DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR AMBIENT BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS ESTIMATED BY APPLICATION OF ISC2 DISPERSION MODEL TO 348 METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 STD-API/PETRO PUBL qbLi4-ENGL 2797 E 0732270 05b432L UT7 Fiaure 4-1.

15、 4-2. 5-1. 5-2. 6-1. 6-2. 6-3. LIST OF FIGURES Page Estimated Relationships Between 95th Percentile of Outdoor Benzene Concentration (pg/m3) and Distance (Meters) From Glycol Dehydrator for Specified Emission Conditions (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter =

16、2 inches) 4-1 1 Log-Log Plots Showing Estimated Relationships Between 95th Percentile of Outdoor Benzene Concentration (pg/m3) and Distance (Meters) From Glycol Dehydrator for Specified Emission Conditions (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches) 4-1

17、2 Estimated Frequency of Lifetime Risk When Distance to Glycol Dehydrator Equals 300 Meters (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches, and Land Use = Urban) 5-10 Estimate of the 50th Percentile of Lifetime Risk Versus Distance From Glycol Dehydrator (Be

18、nzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches, and Land Use = Urban) . 5-10 Estimate of the 50th Percentile of Lifetime Risk Versus Distance (Meters) for Indicated Benzene Emission Rate (tondyear) and Urban Land Use (2 inches 5 Vent Diameter 5 4 inches, 3.21 Wsec 9 O 8 4-9 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4b44-ENGL 1977 m 0732270 0564345 532 c Lu c3 8 v O 9 r O F o 4-1 O c