[考研类试卷]2010年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
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1、2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 _units are meaningless and_units have distinct and identifiable meaning.(A)Primary/Secondary(B) First/Secondary(C) Minimal/Secondary(D)Secondary/Primary2 Idioms are products of_of language.(A)conventionality(B) arbitrariness(C) creativity(D)duality3 Which of
2、the following words is not an open-class word?(A)suspicious(B) category(C) prescribe(D)although4 “The man standing in the hallway looked depressed“ is a(an)_ construction.(A)endocentric(B) exocentric(C) coordinative(D)subordinate5 In the word “unavailability“ , _ is the root.(A)un(B) available(C) av
3、ail(D)ability6 “Maple“, “willow“, “polar“ and “pine“ are_of “tree“.(A)super-ordinates(B) co-hyponyms(C) relational hyponyms(D)gradable opposites7 In Austins term, the verb “appreciate“ in the sentence “I really appreciate what you have done for me“ is a(an)_.(A)active verb(B) predicative verb(C) con
4、stative verb(D)performative verb8 The difference between “I have a pair of blue pants“ and “I have a pair of blue trousers“ is_.(A)dialectical(B) stylistic(C) emotive(D)connotative9 The word “digitalization“ consists of_syllables as against morphemes.(A)five/three(B) six/three(C) six/four(D)five/fiv
5、e10 The borrowing of some features from a basic level category and applying of them to the super-ordinate level is called_.(A)composite categorization(B) interactive categorization(C) characteristic categorization(D)parasitical categorization11 According to Lakoff and Johnson, “ His greediness began
6、 to balloon quickly“ represents a(an)_.(A)structural metaphor(B) ontological metaphor(C) orientational metaphor(D)conceptual metaphor12 The study of how language relates to culture is more likely to fall under the sphere of_.(A)sociolinguistics(B) anthropological linguistics(C) comparative linguisti
7、cs(D)historical linguistics13 In terms of the place of articulation, the following soundstnzshare the feature of_.(A)palatal(B) alveolar(C) bilabial(D)velar14 Of the two kinds of minimization as categorized by Levinson, the one that has nothing to do with I-p is_.(A)semantic minimization(B) informat
8、ion minimization(C) expression minimization(D)pragmatic minimization15 Which maxim is flouted in the sentence “Ronald is either a movie star, or a politician or both“?(A)maxim of manner(B) maxim of quality(C) maxim of quantity(D)maxim of relevance16 Which of the following can best describe the relat
9、ionship between “They have six cows“ and “They have some animals“?(A)presupposition(B) synonym(C) antonym(D)entailment17 Traditional grammar and structural grammar differ in that_ is descriptive and empirical.(A)traditional grammar(B) structural grammar(C) functional grammar(D)universal grammar18 In
10、 which of the following aspects conversational implicature theory and speech act theory are different?(A)How contextual meaning is generated.(B) How much the implied meaning is dependent on the context.(C) How much role the conventional meaning of words plays.(D)How indeterminate the implied meaning
11、 is.19 The argument that similarity and frequency both play important roles in processing and understanding language is supported by_.(A)generative grammarians(B) historical linguists(C) connectionists in psycholinguistics(D)American functionalists20 Linguists are interested in particular instances
12、of language use only when the instances exemplify_.(A)the language system(B) the perception of reality(C) aesthetic experience(D)the meanings codes convey二、填空题21 _ deals with the combination of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction.22 Human language is
13、 _. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with.23 Human speech developed from primitive man giving vocal expression to the objects he encountered. This is known as “_Theory“.24 _is a property of language e
14、nabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time.25 Language is used to create certain feelings in the hearers. This is called_function.26 _relation means the vertical relationship between forms, which might occupy the same particular place in a structure.27 _is the description
15、of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.28 The most important ways of word formation are , derivation and conversion. 29 Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. This kind of words are called _.30 One type
16、of descriptive approach is called_ analysis. Its main objective is to study the distribution of linguistic forms in a language.31 _linguistics is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.32 _ is the result of embodied sensorimo
17、tor and cognitive structures that generate meaning in and through our ongoing interaction with our changing environments.33 The prototype can be understood as a schematic_of the conceptual core of a category.34 A _ is a typical instance of a category, and other elements are assimilated to the catego
18、ry on the basis of their perceived resemblance to the prototype.35 _ is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.36 G. Leech recognizes seven types of meaning and says the _ meaning makes up the central part.3
19、7 _is the technical name for the oppositeness relation.38 “Utterance“ may be defined as a piece of actually used language. In this sense we can divide the study of meaning into two types. One is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences, as abstract units of the language system; and the othe
20、r is concerned with the meaning of_, as units of language in use.39 To specify the COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE, Grice introduced four categories of maxims as follows; Quantity, Quality, Relation and_.40 As metaphor means the transport of ideas in Greek, _means a change of name.三、简答题41 One of the design fe
21、atures of language is displacement. What does it mean?42 Please distinguish inflectional affix and derivational affix briefly.43 One of the word formation processes is called blending. What does it mean?44 What is exocentric construction? Give an example.45 One of the maxims of Cooperative Principle
22、 is the maxim of manner. Please explain it in brief.四、写作题46 Essay Question.(10 points)Compare and discuss the main characteristics of subjects in English and Chinese.2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查对语言的双重性特征的理解。底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。底层结构由一些本身没有意义的语音组成,但是它们可以各自组合成有意义的单位,
23、从而形成具有独特、确定意义的上层单位。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查习语与语言的规约性。习语是相沿已久、约定俗成、具有完整和独特意义的词语。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查开放词类的定义。开放类词指那些数目不确定、无限的词,其数目会随着社会发展不断地增加。名词、动词、形容词和副词均属于开放类词。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查向心结构和离心结构。向心结构是指该结构的分布在功能上等同于其中一个充当中心词或中心的成分的结构。离心结构是指该结构的分布在功能上不等同于它的任何一个成分,没有明显的中心词或中心结构。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查词根的定义。词根指去掉所有词缀后
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