ITU-R REPORT SA 2177-2010 Selection of frequency bands in the 1-120 GHz range for deep-space research《外太空研究用对1-120 GHz频段的选择》.pdf
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1、 Report ITU-R SA.2177(10/2010)Selection of frequency bandsin the 1-120 GHz range fordeep-space researchSA SeriesSpace applications and meteorologyii Rep. ITU-R SA.2177 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-f
2、requency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radio
3、communication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of
4、patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Al
5、so available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related sa
6、tellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in
7、 English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2010 ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R SA.2177 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2177 Selec
8、tion of frequency bands in the 1-120 GHz range for deep-space research (2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 3 2 Selection of frequency bands in the 1-40 GHz range . 3 2.1 Equipment characteristics that concern link performance analysis 3 2.1.1 Antenna sizes and gains . 3 2.1.2 Transmitter po
9、wer 4 2.1.3 Receiving equipment noise temperature 4 2.2 Propagation considerations . 4 2.3 Results of performance analysis . 4 2.4 Preferred frequency bands in the 1-40 GHz range . 10 2.5 Requirement for several allocations that are widely spaced in the spectrum . 11 3 Selection of frequency bands i
10、n the 40-120 GHz range . 12 3.1 Advantages of higher frequencies 12 3.1.1 Increased link performance 13 3.1.2 Wider bandwidth 13 3.1.3 More accurate measurement of phase and group-delay . 13 3.1.4 Shielding from terrestrial interference . 13 3.2 Basis for frequency selection 13 3.3 Frequency-depende
11、nt characteristics of interplanetary propagation 13 3.3.1 Interplanetary attenuation 14 3.3.2 Interplanetary sky noise temperature . 14 3.3.3 Sky noise temperature at earth stations 15 3.3.4 Velocity of interplanetary propagation 15 3.3.5 Interplanetary scintillation . 15 2 Rep. ITU-R SA.2177 Page 3
12、.4 Frequency-dependent characteristics of propagation through an atmosphere 15 3.4.1 Atmospheric attenuation 15 3.4.2 Atmospheric scintillation . 17 3.5 Frequency-dependent equipment factors 17 3.6 Example of link performance analysis . 18 3.7 Preferred frequency bands in the 40-120 GHz range . 19 4
13、 Conclusions 19 Rep. ITU-R SA.2177 3 1 Introduction Telecommunication link performance, equipment characteristics and mission requirements determine the frequency bands that are preferred for deep-space research. This Report presents an analysis that leads to the selection of preferred frequency ban
14、ds in the 1-120 GHz range. For information on general mission requirements and equipment considerations, see Recommendation ITU-R SA.1014; for information on required bandwidths, see Recommendation ITU-R SA.1015. The objective of identifying preferred frequency bands is to provide the technical basi
15、s for band allocations from which the designer can select operating frequencies best suited to mission requirements. Sections 2 and 3 of this Report give the technical basis for the selection of frequency bands in the 1-40 GHz and 40-120 GHz ranges. 2 Selection of frequency bands in the 1-40 GHz ran
16、ge For each telecommunication function, i.e. maintenance and science telemetry, telecommand, tracking and radio science, there is a frequency band, or set of frequency bands, which will provide best performance. Best performance may be expressed in terms of lowest bit error rate, highest measurement
17、 accuracy, maximum data rate, highest link reliability, or some combination of these parameters. The best performance that is obtainable at a particular time with a particular system depends upon the characteristics of radio-wave propagation. A convenient index of best performance is the ratio of re
18、ceived signal power to noise power spectral density (Pr/N0). The frequency band which provides the highest value of Pr/N0ratio for a particular system and propagation conditions is defined as a preferred frequency band. From the resulting data, frequency ranges that provide optimum performance for t
19、he assumed conditions may be identified. 2.1 Equipment characteristics that concern link performance analysis 2.1.1 Antenna sizes and gains Earth stations for deep-space research typically employ large steerable parabolic antennas which are expensive and infrequently constructed. A mission designer
20、is generally not free to consider a range of earth station antenna diameters when selecting frequencies. For this reason, the analysis considers the earth station antenna to have a fixed diameter. The gain and beamwidth of this antenna are a function of frequency. For space stations, the designer ma
21、y consider a variety of antenna types and sizes. The analysis accounts for this freedom by considering two cases: a parabolic reflector antenna with a fixed diameter and whose beamwidth and gain are a function of frequency, and an antenna whose beamwidth (gain) does not vary with frequency. The fixe
22、d diameter case may be applied over the frequency band to be considered if the diameter is small enough (beamwidth at highest frequency is wide enough) so that the antenna pointing accuracy does not limit the minimum beamwidth. The fixed beamwidth (fixed gain) case arises when antenna pointing accur
23、acy determines the minimum beamwidth, or when the antenna must give very wide coverage to permit communication without regard to space station attitude. An omnidirectional antenna is an example of the fixed beamwidth case. Link analysis in this Report assumes that a fixed diameter antenna for a spac
24、e station is 60% efficient and has a gain which increases directly as the frequency squared. For the fixed beamwidth (fixed gain) case the gain is assumed to be 0 dBi and independent of frequency. 4 Rep. ITU-R SA.2177 The earth station antenna gain used in the analysis is taken from Recommendation I
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