EN 28601-1992 en Data Elements and Interchange Formats - Information Interchange - Representation of Dates and Times《信息元和交换格式 信息交换 日期和时间的表示》.pdf

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1、CEN EN*2860L 92 3404589 O047231 548 i- EN 28601 November 1992 UDC 681.3.04 : 351.759.1 Descriptors: information interchange, data representation, calendar dates, year, days of the month, hours-: time English version Data elements and interchange forma - Information interchange - Representation of da

2、tes and times (is0 1,lst edition 1988 and technical corrigendum 1 : 1991) Elments de donnes et formais dchange - Echange dinformation - Reprsentation de ia date et de lheure (is0 8601, lre dition 1988 et corrigendum Datenelements und Austauschformate - information sa - Darstellung von Datum und uhiz

3、eit (E30 1,l. Ausgabe 1988, und Technical . technique 1: 1991) Corrigendum 1 : 1991) , * .:.: This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-1030. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipuiate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status

4、of a national standad without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographid references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officiai versions (Enghsh, French, German). A version

5、in any other ianguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own ianguage and notined to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offid versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ice

6、land, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. - CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normaiisation Europisches Komitee Ki Normung Centrai Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1992 Copyright reserve

7、d to CEN members Ref. No. EN 28601 : 1992 E L * CEN EN+28bOL 92 3404589 0047232 484 EN 28601 : 1992 Foreword The Techniai Board has decided to submit the intedonai Standard EO 8601 : 1988 Data elements and interchange fomiats - Informaon intmchange - Representation of dates and hes (IS0 8601, 1st ed

8、ition, 1988, and its technicai corrigendum 1 : 1991) for formai vote. The resuit of the fond vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pubiicaon of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1993, and conflicting national str

9、uidards shall be withdrawn at the iatest by May 1993. in accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Intemal Regulations, the foilowing countries are bound to implement this European standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, reiand, Italy, Luxembourg, Netheriands, Norway, P

10、ortugai, Spain, Sweden, Switzerhnd and United Kingdom. CEN EN*28bO1 92 3404589 0047233 310 9 BS7151 : 1989 British Standard Specif cation for Representation of dates and times in information interchange O Introduction 0.1 Although IS0 Recommendations and Standards in this field have been available s

11、ince 1971, different forms of numeric representation of dates and times have been in common use in different countries. Where such representations are inter- changed across national boundaries misinterpretation of the significance of the numerals can occur, resulting in confusion and other consequen

12、tial errors or losses. The purpose of this International Standard is to eliminate the risk of misinterpret- ation and to avoid the confusion and its consequences. 0.2 This International Standard includes specifications for the numeric representation of information regarding date and time of the day.

13、 0.3 In order to achieve similar formats for the representations of calendar dates, ordinal dates, dates identified by week number, periods of time, combined date and time of the day, and differences between local time and Coordinated Universal Time, and to avoid ambiguities between these representa

14、tions, it has been necessary to use, apart from numeric characters, either single alphabetic characters or one or more other graphic characters or a combination of alphabetic and other characters in some of the representations. 0.4 The above action has had the benefit of enhancing the versatility an

15、d general applicability of previous International Standards in this field, and provides for the unique represen- tation of any date or time expression or combination of these. Each representation can be easily recognized, which is beneficial when human interpretation is required. 0.5 This Internatio

16、nal Standard retains the most commonly used expressions for date and time of the day and their representations from the earlier International Standards and provides unique representations for some new expressions used in practice. Its application in information interchange, especially between data p

17、rocessing systems and associated equipment will eliminate errors arising from misinterpretation and the costs these generate. The promotion of this Inter- national Standard will not only facilitate interchange across international boundaries, but will also improve the portability of software, and wi

18、ll ease problems of communication within an organization, as well as between organizations. 0.6 Several of the alphabetic and graphic characters used in the text of this International Standard are common both to the representations specified and to normal typographical presen- tation. 0.7 To avoid c

19、onfusion between the representations and the actual text, its punctuation marks and associated graphic characters, all the representations are contained in brackets I. The brackets are not part of the representation, and should be omitted when implementing the representations. All matter outside the

20、 brackets is normal text, and not part of the representation. In the associated examples, the brackets and typographical markings are omitted. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies the representation of dates in the Gregorian calendar and times and representations of

21、 periods of time. It includes a) calendar dates expressed in terms of year, month and day of month; b) ordinal dates expressed in terms of year and day of year; c) dates identified by means of year, week niimbers and day numbers; d) time of the day based upon the 24-hour timekeeping system ; e) diff

22、erences between local time and Coordinated Univer sal Time (UTCI; f) combination of date and time; g) periods of time, with or without either a start or end date or both. CEN EN+28bOL 92 340q589 0047234 257 BS7151 : 1989 This International Standard is applicable whenever dates and times are included

23、 in information interchange. This International Standard does not cover dates and times where words are used in the representation. This International Standard does not assign any particular meaning or interpretation to any data element that uses representations in accordance with this International

24、 Standard. Such meaning will be determined by the context of the appli- cation. 2 References IS0 31-0 : 1981, Generalprinciples concerning quantities, units and symbols. IS0 31-1 : 1978, Quantities and units of space and time. IS0 646 : 1s. Information processing - IS0 7-bit coded character set for

25、information interchange. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 complete representation: The representation that includes all the date and time elements associated with the expression. 3.2 Coordinated Universal Time UTC

26、: The time scale maintained by the Bureau International de lHeure (Interna- tional Time Bureau) that forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signais. NOTES 1 The source of this definition is Recommendation 460-2 of the Consultative Committee on International R

27、adio (CCIR). CCIR has also defined the acronym for Coordinated Universal Time as UTC (see also 5.3.31. 2 UTC is often (incorrectly) referred to as Greenwich Mean Time and appropriate time signals are regularly broadcast. 3.3 date, calendar: A particular day of a calendar year, identified by its ordi

28、nal number within a calendar month within that year. 3.4 tified by its ordinal number within the year. date, ordinal: A particular day of a calendar year iden- 3.5 day: A period of time of 24 hours starting at oo00 and ending at 2400 (which is equal to the beginning of oo00 the next day). 3.6 format

29、, basic: The format of a representation compris- ing the minimum number of components necessary for the precision required. 3.7 that includes additional separators. format, extended: An extension of the basic format 3.8 Gregorian calendar: A calendar in general use intro- 4 duced in 1582 to correct

30、an error in the Julian calendar. In the Gregorian calendar common years have 365 days and leap years 366 days divided into 12 sequential months. 3.9 hour: A period of time of 60 minutes. 3.10 local time: The clock time-in public use locally. 3.11 minute: A period of time of 60 seconds. 3.12 month, c

31、alendar: A period of time resulting from the division of a calendar year in twelve sequential periods of time, each with a specific name and containing a specified number of days. In the Gregorian calendar, the months of the calendar year, listed in their order of occurrence, are named and contain t

32、he number of days as follows: January 131), February (28 in common years; 29 in leap years), March (31). April (301, May (311, June (30). July (31). August (31). September (301, October (31 1, November (301, December (31 1. NOTE - In certain applications a month is regarded as a period of 30 days. 3

33、.13 period: A duration of time, specified a) as a defined length of time (e.g. hours, days, months, years) ; b) by its beginning and end points. 3.14 second: A basic unit of measurement of time in the International System of Units (SI) as defined in IS0 31-1. 3.15 truncated representation : The abbr

34、eviation of a com- plete representation by omission of higher order components starting from the extreme left-hand side of the expression. 3.16 week: A period of time of seven days. 3.17 week, calendar: A seven day period within a calendar year, starting on a Monday and identified by its ordinal num

35、ber within the year; the first calendar week of the year is the one - that includes the first Thursday of that year. In the Gregorian calendar, this is equivalent to the week which includes 4 January. 3.18 considered to equal a calendar year. year: A period of time of twelve consecutive months, 3.19

36、 year, calendar: A cyclic period of time in a calendar which is required for one revolution of the earth around the sun. In the Gregorian calendar, a calendar year is either a com- mon year or a leap year. 3.20 year, common: In the Gregorian calendar, a year which has 365 daw. 3.21 year, leap: In th

37、e Gregorian calendar, a year which has 366 days. A leap year is a year whose number is divisible by four an integral number of times, except that if it is a centennial year it shall be divisible by four hundred an integral number of times. 2 . _. ._ CEN EN*2860L 92 = 3404589 0047235 193 = 4 Fundamen

38、tal principles 4.1 Concept A precise point in calendar time can be identified by means of a unique expression giving a specific day and a specific time within that day. The degree of precision required for the application can be obtained by including the appropriate components. 4.2 Common features,

39、uniqueness and combinations The decreasing order of components, left-to-right, is common to the expressions for - precise points in time; - dates only; - times only; - periods of time; - any abbreviations of the above. 4.3 Characters used in the representations The representations specified in this

40、International Standard use digits, alphabetic characters and special characters specified in IS0 646. The particular use of these characters is explained in 4.4 and clause 5. NOTE - Where the upper case characters are not available lower case characters mav be used. The space character shall not be

41、used in the representations. 4.4 Use of separators When required, the following characters shall be used as separators : -I (hyphen) - to separate the time elements “year“ and “month“, “year“ and “week“, “year“ and “day“, “month“ and “day“, and “week“ and “day“; NOTE - The hyphen is also used to ind

42、icate omitted components. I: (colon) - to separate the time elements “hour“ and “minute“, and “minute“ and “second“. /I (solidus) - to separate the two components in the representation of periods of time. 4.5 Truncation It is permitted to omit higher order components (truncation) in applications whe

43、re their presence is implied. To assure uniqueness of each representation provided for in this Inter- national Standard, truncation of a particular representation should be done in accordance with the rules given in the ap- propriate subclause of clause 5 referring to the representation BS7151 : 198

44、9 in question. The addition of a single hyphen in place of each omitted component will usually be necessary, to avoid risk of misinterpretation. NOTE - By mutual agreement of the partners in information inter- change, leading hyphens may be omitted in the applications where there is no risk of confu

45、sing these representations with others defined in this International Standard. 4.6 Leading zerois) Each date and time component in a defined representation has a defined length, and (a) leading zero(s) shall be used as required. 5 Representations 5.1 Explanations 5.1.1 Characters used in place of di

46、gits CI represents a digit used in the thousands and hundreds components (the “century“ component) of the time ele- ment “year“; Y represents a digit used in the tens and units com- ponents of the time element “year“; MI represents a digit used in the time element “month“; DI represents a digit used

47、 in the time element “day“; w represents a digit used in the tirne element “week“; hl represents a digit used in the time element “hour“; ml represents a digit used in the time element “minute“; SI represents a digit used in the time element “second“; nl represents digitk), constituting a positive i

48、nteger. 5.1.2 Characters used as designators . PI is used as period designator, preceding a data element which represents a given duration of a period of time; TI is used as time designator to indicate the start of the representation of the time of the day in combined date and time of day expression

49、s; Wl is used as week designator, preceding a data element which represents the ordinal number of a calendar week within the year; ZI is used as time-zone designator, immediately (without space) following a data element expressing ths time of the day in Coordinated Universal lime (UTC). In representations of duration of time (5.5.3.2), the following characters are also used as parts of the representation when required : NOTE - In these representations, IMI may be used to indicate “month“ or “minute“, or both. CEN EN*28601i 92 3404589 0047236 0