EN 16127-2012 8125 Solid biofuels - Determination of length and diameter of pellets《固体生物燃料 芯块长度和直径的测定》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16127:2012Solid biofuels Determination of length and diameter of pelletsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for Resal

2、eNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16127:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list

3、of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limi

4、ted 2012ISBN 978 0 580 71512 9 ICS 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f

5、e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16127 February 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version So

6、lid biofuels - Determination of length and diameter of pellets Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique des granuls et des briquettes cylindriquesFeste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Lnge und des Durchmessers von Pellets This European Standard was approved by CEN on

7、8 January 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may

8、be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to

9、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe

10、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN

11、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16127:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS

12、EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Apparatus .65.1 Measuring caliper 65.2 Sample reduction equipment .65.3 Balance .66 Sample preparation .67 Procedure .77.1 General 77.2 Procedure A: Deter

13、mination of share of oversized pellets .77.2.1 Weighing .77.2.2 Sorting by length .77.2.3 Weighing of the fractions 77.2.4 Measuring of pellet diameter 77.3 Procedure B: Determination of the average length of pellets .77.3.1 Measuring of individual pellet length 77.3.2 Measuring of pellet diameter 8

14、8 Calculations 88.1 Share of oversized pellets 88.2 Average length of pellets 89 Test report 810 Precision and bias .8Bibliography 9Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-

15、,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16127:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical t

16、ext or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsi

17、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are b

18、ound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain

19、, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 4 Introduction Pellets with a length and d

20、iameter outside the specification can cause problems with transportation in screw conveyors and silo outlets. According to EN 14961-1, EN 14961-2 and FprEN 14961-6 measurements of length and diameter of pellets need to be performed. This document describes the measuring procedure. Copyright European

21、 Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes methods for the determination of diameter and length of pellets. Concer

22、ning the pellet length methods for both determination of the share of oversized pellets and for determination of the average length are included It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, erect or use machinery, equipment, tools and entire plants related to fuel pelle

23、ts, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling and utilising fuel pellets. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the e

24、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14778, Solid biofuels Sampling EN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 15210-1, Solid biofuels

25、Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes Part 1: Pellets 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588 apply. 4 Principle The length and diameter of fuel pellets of a representative sample of fuel pellets are measured by

26、 using a caliper. The length of a pellet is always measured along the axis of the cylinder (Figures 1 and 2). The diameter is measured perpendicular to the axis. Figure 1 Length and diameter of a pellet (D Diameter, L Length) Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under lic

27、ense with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 6 Figure 2 Measuring the length of a pellet by use of a caliper 5 Apparatus 5.1 Measuring caliper Use a caliper with a resolution of at least 0,1 mm for measuring of leng

28、th and diameter. 5.2 Sample reduction equipment If sample reduction equipment is used it shall be chosen in accordance with the requirements as specified in EN 14780. 5.3 Balance The balance shall have a resolution of at least 0,01 g. 6 Sample preparation The sample used for the measurement of lengt

29、h and diameter shall be taken according to EN 14778. From this sample a test portion is extracted by division according to EN 14780. The test portion sizes shall be selected from Table 1. Table 1 Test portion size Pellet diameter Portion size 6 mm 60 g to 80 g 6 mm to 8 mm 80 g to 100 g 8 mm to 10 m

30、m 100 g to 150 g 10 mm to 12 mm 150 g to 200 g 12 mm to 25 mm 200 g to 600 g (minimum 50 pellets) The test portion is sieved by hand using a sieve with hole diameters of 3,15 mm as described in EN 15210-1. The sieving procedure in EN 15210-1 shall be followed. Copyright European Committee for Standa

31、rdization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 7 The sieving shall be done in a way that the fine particles are separated but the creation of new fine particles is avoided. This is u

32、sually achieved when the test portion is shaken in about five to ten circular movements on a sieve of 40 cm diameter. If other equipment is used, the procedure and the test portion size can be adjusted to achieve the same effect. NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that rough treatment during sample

33、 reduction and screening might influence the result. 7 Procedure 7.1 General The procedure is divided into two parts; A and B. Procedure A describes the method to determine the share of oversized pellets in compliance with quality requirements. Procedure B describes the method to determine the avera

34、ge length of pellets. Depending on the desired parameter, either both or only one of the two procedures is applied. 7.2 Procedure A: Determination of share of oversized pellets 7.2.1 Weighing Determine the mass of the test portion by weighing. 7.2.2 Sorting by length Pellets with a length greater th

35、an the requirement are separated from the test portion by hand. Any measurement required may be made by the use of a caliper as shown in Figure 2. NOTE Depending on the quality requirements there may be more than one pellet length to be considered in sorting. 7.2.3 Weighing of the fractions Weigh th

36、e separated fraction(s) to the nearest 0,01 g and record the result. 7.2.4 Measuring of pellet diameter In order to determine the diameter class, select a minimum number of 10 pellets randomly from the test portion and determine each pellet diameter by use of the caliper. Record each result. 7.3 Pro

37、cedure B: Determination of the average length of pellets 7.3.1 Measuring of individual pellet length The total length of each pellet of the test portion is measured by using a caliper as shown in Figure 2. The result from each determination is recorded. NOTE If the tests according to procedure A (7.

38、2) have also been performed, the same test portion can be used for the determination according to procedure B. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN

39、16127:2012 (E) 8 7.3.2 Measuring of pellet diameter In order to determine the diameter class select a minimum number of 10 pellets randomly from the test portion and determine each pellet diameter by use of the caliper. Record each result. 8 Calculations 8.1 Share of oversized pellets Calculate the

40、ratio of the mass of each class of oversized pellets as separated according to 7.2.2 towards the total mass of the test portion as determined in 7.2.1. Express the calculated ratio or several ratios in percent to the nearest 0,1 %. Calculate the mean value of the recorded pellet diameters as determi

41、ned in 7.2.4 and express the result to the nearest 0,1 mm. 8.2 Average length of pellets Calculate the mean value of the recorded pellet lengths as determined in 7.3 and express the result to the nearest 0,1 mm. Calculate the mean value of the recorded pellet diameters as determined in 7.3.2 and exp

42、ress the result to the nearest 0,1 mm. 9 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: identification of the laboratory and the testing date; identification of the product or sample tested (see EN 14780); and same for the following; a reference to this document; any d

43、eviation from this document; conditions and observations, e.g. unusual occurrences during the test procedure, which may affect the result; the results of the calculated mean pellet diameter; for procedure A: Calculated weight percentage of the class(es) of oversized pellets; for procedure B: Calcula

44、ted average length of pellets. 10 Precision and bias Due to the unavailability of test results for repeatability and reproducibility, no precision data can be given for the present method. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reprodu

45、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16127:2012EN 16127:2012 (E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements 2 EN 14961-2:2011, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 2: Wood pellets for non-in

46、dustrial use 3 EN 14961-6, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use 4 EN 15234-1:2011, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot

47、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page deliberately left blankCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page delibera

48、tely left blankCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the int