EN 378-1-2008 0625 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1 Basic requirements definitions classification and selection criteria (Incor.pdf

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1、BS EN 378-1:2008ICS 01.040.27; 13.020.01; 27.080; 27.200NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRefrigeratingsystems and heatpumps Safetyand environmentalrequirementsPart 1: Basic requirements, definitions,classification and selection criteriaIncorporati

2、ng Decemeber 2008+A2:2012corrigendum Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012. It

3、supersedes BS EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK

4、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res

5、ponsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2008Amendments/corrigenda issued since pub

6、licationDate Comments 31 December 2008 Correction to tables C.1, E.1, E.2 27.200; 01.040.27 Supersedes EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010English Version Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria Sy

7、stmes de rfrigration et pompes chaleur - Exigences de scurit et denvironnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, dfinitions, classification et critres de choix Klteanlagen und Wrmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifika

8、tionen und Auswahlkriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2010 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 23 January 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the con

9、ditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exis

10、ts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national sta

11、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tu

12、rkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN

13、 378-1:2008+A2:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 72 Normative references 73 Terms

14、and definitions .73.1 Refrigerating systems .83.2 Occupancies, localities .93.3 Pressures . 103.4 Components of refrigerating systems 113.5 Piping and joints . 133.6 Safety accessories 143.7 Fluids . 163.8 Miscellaneous . 174 Classification . 184.1 Refrigerating systems 184.2 Occupancies 184.3 Desig

15、nation and Classification of refrigerants 194.4 Examples of systems . 204.5 Special requirements for skating rinks 24Annex A (informative) Equivalent terms in English, French and German 25Annex B (informative) Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) . 29Annex C (normative) Refrigerant charge limitati

16、ons 32Annex D (informative) Protection for people who are inside cold rooms 46Annex E (normative) !Safety classification and information about refrigerants“ . 48Annex F (informative) Safety group classifications 56Annex G (normative) Special requirements for ice rinks . 63Bibliography . 64BS EN 378-

17、1:2008+A2:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012) has been prepared by the CEN Technical Co

18、mmittee CEN/TC 182 “Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and confl

19、icting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-11-13 and Amendment 2, approved by CEN on 2012-01-23. This document supersedes #EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010$. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amend

20、ment is indicated in the text by tags ! “ and # $. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 378 consists of the following pa

21、rts under the general title Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements: Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation Part 3: Installation site and personal protection Pa

22、rt 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,

23、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. BS EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provide

24、d by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard relates to safety and environmental requirements in the design, manufacture, construction, installation, operation, mainte

25、nance, repair and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the local and global environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants. The term “refrigerating system“ used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. The extent to which hazards are covered is ind

26、icated below. In addition, machinery should comply as appropriate with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard. It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating systems and refrigerants. Thes

27、e hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical characteristics of refrigerants as well as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycles. Inadequate precautions may result in: component rupture or explosion, with risk of projectiles; escape of refrigerant with

28、the risk of environmental damage or toxicity due to a fracture, a leakage caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequate maintenance, repair, charging or disposal; burning or combustion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire including the risk of toxic products of combustion

29、 from non-flammable refrigerants. Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the refrigerating system, intended or unintended, affect the internal surrounding materials chemically and physically for example due to pressure and temperature.

30、 They can, if they have detrimental properties, endanger persons, property and the environment directly or indirectly due to global long term effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigerating system. Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to their potential influence on the global envir

31、onment as well as their possible effects on the local environment. Evaluation of the environmental performance however requires a life cycle approach. With regard to global climate change the Total Equivalent Warming Impact approach is generally used as the basis (see Annex B). Reference should be m

32、ade to the EN ISO 14040 series to address other environmental aspects. Many factors influence environmental impacts such as: location of the system; energy efficiency of the system; type of refrigerant; service frequency; refrigerant leaks; sensitivity of charge on efficiency; minimisation of heat l

33、oad; control methods. The cost of the system will have an indirect influence on the environmental performance. Additional investments may be directed towards reducing leaks, increasing energy efficiency or modifying the design in order to use a different refrigerant. Only a life cycle approach is ca

34、pable of identifying where additional investments will have the most beneficial effects. BS EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:

35、2012 (E) 5 Hazards due to the states of pressure and temperature in refrigerating systems are essentially due to the simultaneous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that it exerts on the various components do not depend solely on the

36、processes and functions inside the plant, but also on external factors. The following hazards are worthy of note: a) from the direct effect of extreme temperature, for example: brittleness of materials at low temperatures; freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar); thermal stresses; chan

37、ges of volume due to temperature changes; injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures; touchable hot surfaces. b) from excessive pressure due to, for example: increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure of non condensable gases or an acc

38、umulation of oil or liquid refrigerant; increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a liquid cooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill; expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space wi

39、thout the presence of vapour, caused by a rise in external temperature; fire. c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example: excessive charge or flooding of equipment; presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor; liquid hammer in piping; los

40、s of lubrication due to dilution of oil; condensation-induced shock. d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example: fire; explosion; toxicity including products of combustion; caustic effects; freezing of skin; BS EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IH

41、S under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012 (E) 6 asphyxiation; panic; depletion of the ozone layer; global warming. e) from the moving parts of machinery, for example: injuries; hearing loss from excessive noise; d

42、amage due to vibration. Attention is drawn to hazards common to all compression systems, such as excessive temperature at discharge, liquid slugging, erroneous operation and reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermal stress, liquid hammer or vibration. Corrosion, however,

43、 should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due to alternate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation. The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this European Standard has been

44、 based. BS EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to

45、safety of persons and property (but not goods in storage) and the local and global environment for: a) stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, including heat pumps; b) secondary cooling or heating systems; c) location of these refrigerating systems. NOTE 1 For secondary heating or

46、cooling systems charged with any refrigerants listed in Annex E the charge limitations of part 1 (Annex C) apply. For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant only some of the parts and clauses are applicable. The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each part of EN

47、 378. This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant. Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E are not covered by this European Standard as long as a safety class is not assigned. NOTE 2 For the safety classification of refrige

48、rant fluids not included in Annex E, see Annex F. This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction. This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems and modification of existing refrigerating systems in case the type of refrigerant changed or pressure vessels are replaced. The part dealing with main-tenance, repair, operation, recovery, reuse and disposal also applies to existing systems. Parties responsible for existing refrigerating systems should conside