DIN ISO 9211-1-2012 Optics and photonics - Optical coatings - Part 1 Definitions (ISO 9211-1 2010)《光学和光子学 光学涂层 第1部分 定义》.pdf

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1、April 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、01.040.37; 37.020!$zy“1888786www.din.deDDIN ISO 9211-1Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 1: Definitions (ISO 9211-1:2010)English translation of DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04Optik und Photonik Optische Schichten Teil 1: Begriffe (ISO 9211-1:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04Optique

3、 et photonique Traitements optiques Partie 1: Dfinitions (ISO 9211-1:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04SupersedesDIN ISO 9211-1:2001-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2004.12 A comma is used as the d

4、ecimal marker. Contents Page National foreword .3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 3 1 Scope 4 2 Basic definitions 4 2.1 Surface treatment 4 2.2 Optical properties of a coated surface 5 2.3 Colorimetric parameters .6 2.4 Polarization .6 2.5 Phase relations 7 3 Definition of coatings by f

5、unction8 4 Definitions of common coating imperfections .9 4.1 Point-like imperfections 9 4.2 Line-like imperfections 9 4.3 Area-like imperfections .9 4.4 Volume-like imperfections . 10 5 Other terms and definitions . 10 Annex A (informative) Micrographs of common types of coating imperfection . 11 B

6、ibliography . 20 2 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 “Optics and photonics”, Subcommittee SC 3 “Optical materials and components” (Secretariat: JISC, Japan) with the active participation of German experts. The responsible Germa

7、n body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Feinmechanik und Optik (Optics and Precision Mechanics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 027-01-03 AA Dnne Schichten fr die Optik. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject o

8、f patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard is part of a series of standards dealing with surface treatments of components and substrates (excluding ophthalmic optics/spectacles) by the application of optical coatings (se

9、e Bibliography). Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 9211-1:2001-01 as follows: a) normative references have been deleted; b) the equations in Subclause 2.2.5 have been modified; c) the terms “hairline”, “sleek”, “large spatter”, “large particle”, “cone angle of aperture” and “clear apertu

10、re” have been deleted; d) in the German version, the term “Abschlung” (4.4.1, peeling) has been changed to read “Schichtablsung”; e) in the German version, the term “Abplatzung” (4.4.2, flaking) has been changed to read “Abblttern”; f) Annex A has been completely revised and now shows micrographs of

11、 common types of coating imperfections. Previous editions DIN 58195: 1974-02; 1999-08 DIN ISO 9211-1: 2001-01 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 9211-2, Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 2: Optical properties DIN ISO 9211-3, Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 3: En

12、vironmental durability DIN ISO 9211-4, Optics and optical instruments Optical coatings Part 4: Specific test methods 3 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 IMPORTANT The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should

13、therefore consider printing this document using a colour printer. 1 Scope ISO 9211 identifies surface treatments of components and substrates excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) by the application of optical coatings and gives a standard form for their specification. It defines the general char

14、acteristics and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary, but is not intended to define the process method. This part of ISO 9211 defines terms relevant to optical coatings. These terms are grouped in four classes: basic definitions, definition of coatings by function, definitions of comm

15、on coating imperfections and other definitions. 2 Basic definitions 2.1 Surface treatment 2.1.1 surface treatment of components and substrates application of a coating of material(s) intended to modify the optical, physical or chemical characteristics originally possessed by the surface of a compone

16、nt NOTE The substrates are considered to be geometrically perfect and optically homogeneous. In reality, an assembly made up of a substrate and a coating is identified and measured experimentally as an entity. 2.1.2 incident medium medium from which the electromagnetic radiation enters the coating 2

17、.1.3 emergent medium medium into which the electromagnetic radiation exits the coating NOTE Besides acting as mechanical support, the substrate carrying the coating physically can constitute the incident medium and/or the emergent medium. Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 1: Definitions 4 D

18、IN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 2.2 Optical properties of a coated surface 2.2.1 General The optical properties of a coated surface are characterized by spectrophotometric values. These values relate to the energy transported by electromagnetic waves (radiant or luminous) and they vary as a function of the wa

19、velength, the angle of incidence, and the state of polarization. Additional influences may be caused by scattering. NOTE 1 The functional spectral dependency is generally indicated by writing the wavelength, , in parentheses as part of the symbol. NOTE 2 The wavelength () can be replaced by the wave

20、number () or the photon energy (h). h = Planck constant; = frequency. The units recommended are the nanometre (nm) or the micrometre (m) for the wavelength, the reciprocal centimetre (cm1) for the wavenumber and the electron volt (eV) for the photon energy. 2.2.2 spectral transmittance () ratio of t

21、he spectral concentration of radiant or luminous flux transmitted to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition 7-22.3. NOTE Spectral transmittance is related to spectral optical density D() by the formula: () = 10D().2.2.3 spectral reflectance () ratio of the spectral concentration

22、 of radiant or luminous flux reflected, to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition 7-22.2. 2.2.4 spectral absorptance () ratio of the spectral concentration of radiant or luminous flux absorbed, to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition 7-22.1. 2.2.5 spectral

23、 scattering change of the spatial distribution of a beam of radiation spread in many directions by a surface or a medium without any change of frequency of the monochromatic components of which the radiation is composed NOTE 1 The quantities defined in 2.2.1 to 2.2.5 are interrelated as follows: ()

24、() ()1 =+ + with () () ()rd =+ () () ()rd =+ where r() is the regular spectral transmittance (specular); r() is the regular spectral reflectance (specular); N1)N1) National footnote: In the original ISO document and in the German version of DIN ISO 9211-1:2010-04, this reference erroneously reads “2

25、.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.4”. In the English version, this has been corrected to read “2.2.1 to 2.2.5”. 5 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 d() is the diffuse spectral transmittance (scattered); d() is the diffuse spectral reflectance (scattered). NOTE 2 If necessary, these values can be represented as an average over a

26、 wavelength range from 1to 2as follows: ()()() ()21 11ave 1 221 2 1dtommiiiim =where ()21.m = 2.2.6 refractive index n() ratio of the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum to the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a medium 2.2.7 angle of incidence angl

27、e between the normal to the surface and the incident ray 2.2.8 plane of incidence plane incorporating the normal to the surface and the incident ray 2.3 Colorimetric parameters A surface for visual applications can be characterized by colorimetric parameters. These depend on the reference illuminati

28、on source, the reference observer, and the optical properties of the surface. 2.4 Polarization 2.4.1 General When a coating is used at an angle of incidence different from zero, its characteristics depend upon the state of polarization of the incident radiation and it may influence the polarization

29、state of the emergent radiation. It may then be necessary to indicate the orientation of the electric field vector in relation to the plane of incidence. 2.4.2 linearly polarized radiation polarization where the orientation of the electric field vector remains constant NOTE 1 s-polarization refers t

30、o linear polarization where the electric field vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence. NOTE 2 p-polarization refers to linear polarization where the electric field vector is parallel to the plane of incidence. 2.4.3 elliptically polarized radiation polarization where the projection of the

31、 electric field vector on to a plane normal to the direction of propagation describes an ellipse 6 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 2.4.4 circularly polarized radiation polarization where the projection of the electric field vector on to a plane normal to the direction of propagation describes a circle 2.4.5

32、randomly polarized radiation polarization where the orientation of the electric field vector of linearly polarized radiation varies randomly with time 2.4.6 unpolarized radiation radiation which has been resolved into any pair of orthogonal electric field vectors with varied phase difference where t

33、he average magnitudes of the two orthogonal vectors are the same and their phase difference change is completely random 2.5 Phase relations 2.5.1 phase change d angle difference, 0, represents the phase change between an electromagnetic wave and a reference wave with its electric field vector given

34、by 2cosvtEA =where E is the electric field vector; A is the amplitude vector; is the velocity of propagation in the medium; t is the time; is the wavelength in the medium; is the phase. The electric field at a fixed point in space due to an electromagnetic wave can be described by a periodic functio

35、n given by 002cosvtEA =2.5.2 phase retardation difference of phase change between the s- and p-components of the electric field vector, = dp ds. 7 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 3 Definition of coatings by function The coatings are defined according to their function, i.e. according to the nature of the pri

36、ncipal modification to the surface properties that they realize. A coating intended to realize a principal function as defined in Table 1 can also include one or more secondary functions. Their relative importance with regard to the principal function shall be indicated. Table 1 Definitions of coati

37、ngs by function Principal function Code designation Definition Example of application Reflecting RE Coating increasing the reflectance of an optical surface over a specified wavelength range. Laser mirror Antireflecting AR Coating reducing the reflectance of an optical surface over a specified wavel

38、ength range and usually increasing the transmittance. AR coated lens Beam splitting BS Coating separating the incident flux into two beams, one transmitted and the other reflected, the energy distribution of each beam reproducing the incident energy distribution in essentially a non-selective manner

39、, over a specified wavelength range. Neutral beamsplitter Partial reflector Attenuating AT Coating reducing the transmittance in essentially a non-selective manner over a specified wavelength range. Neutral density filter Filtering a) Bandpass b) Band rejection FI FI-BP FI-BR Coating modifying the t

40、ransmittance in a selective manner over a specified wavelength range. Laser line selection filter Raman notch filter Selecting or combining a) Long pass b) Short pass SC SC-LP SC-SP Coating dividing the incident radiation flux into two or more beams each one covering a limited spectral region and be

41、ing propagated either by reflection or by transmission. The reverse path combines beams of different spectral regions. Dichroic mirror Beam combiner Cold light mirror NIR cut filter Polarizing PO Coating controlling the state of polarization of the emergent electromagnetic radiation, over a specifie

42、d wavelength range. Polarizer Non-polarizing beamsplitter Phase changing PC Coating controlling the phase change of the emergent electromagnetic radiation relative to the incident radiation, and/or the phase difference between s and p vectors, over a specified wavelength range. Phase retarder Absorb

43、ing AB Coating absorbing a specified value of the incident flux over a specified wavelength range. Light trap UV absorber Supplementary SU Coating providing a non-optical property; this function is often combined with an optical function. Electrical conductivity Chemical or mechanical protection 8 D

44、IN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 4 Definitions of common coating imperfections NOTE The inspection methods are described in ISO 9211-4 and ISO 149972. Examples of coating imperfections are given in Annex A. 4.1 Point-like imperfections 4.1.1 pinhole very small hole in the thin film 4.1.2 spatter imperfections

45、that result when small chunks of coating material fly on to the substrate surface and adhere there in the coating process 4.1.3 particle small piece of matter on/in the film 4.1.4 fine dust number (often numerous) of small pieces of matter on/in the film 4.1.5 nodule small lump (usually of coating m

46、aterial) in the film 4.2 Line-like imperfections 4.2.1 scratches marking or tearing of a surface which looks as though it has been done by either a sharp or rough instrument NOTE Scratches occur on optical surfaces in all degrees from various accidental causes. 4.2.2 hairline scratch very fine, smoo

47、th scratch, usually straight NOTE The hairline scratch is characterized by its uniqueness and its straightness. Other scratches can be curved, or appear straight or curved, multiple, adjacent or without contact. 4.2.3 crack fracture in the film 4.2.4 crazing pattern of fractures in the film (usually

48、 due to differential thermal stress) 4.3 Area-like imperfections 4.3.1 stain patchy, localized discoloration of the surface, e.g. caused by chemical reactions 9 DIN ISO 9211-1:2012-04 4.3.2 abrasion surface damage caused by rubbing against another surface 4.3.3 lint mark remains of fabric or paper fibres on an optical surface 4.3.4 void small uncoated area inside the region which is coated 4.4 Volum