DIN EN 975-1-2011 Sawn timber - Appearance grading of hardwoods - Part 1 Oak and beech German version EN 975-1 2009 + AC 2010《锯成木材 硬木的外观等级 第1部分 橡木和榉木 德文版本EN 975-1-2009 + AC-2010》.pdf

《DIN EN 975-1-2011 Sawn timber - Appearance grading of hardwoods - Part 1 Oak and beech German version EN 975-1 2009 + AC 2010《锯成木材 硬木的外观等级 第1部分 橡木和榉木 德文版本EN 975-1-2009 + AC-2010》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DIN EN 975-1-2011 Sawn timber - Appearance grading of hardwoods - Part 1 Oak and beech German version EN 975-1 2009 + AC 2010《锯成木材 硬木的外观等级 第1部分 橡木和榉木 德文版本EN 975-1-2009 + AC-2010》.pdf（37页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、August 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、 79.040!$t2r“1811579www.din.deDDIN EN 975-1Sawn timber Appearance grading of hardwoods Part 1: Oak and beech (includes Amendment AC:2010)English translation of DIN EN 975-1:2011-08Schnittholz Sortierung nach dem Aussehen von Laubholz Teil 1: Eiche und Buche (enthlt nderung AC:2010)Englische bersetzu

3、ng von DIN EN 975-1:2011-08Bois scis Classement daspect des bois feuillus Partie 1: Chne et htre (Amendement AC:2010 inclus)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 975-1:2011-08SupersedesDIN EN 975-1:2009-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered

4、authoritative.7307.11 DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschus

5、s Holzwirtschaft und Mbel (Timber and Furniture Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 042-01-14 AA Spiegelausschuss zu CEN/TC 175 und ISO/TC 218 Rund- und Schnittholz. This document is the consolidated new national edition of EN 975-1:2009-03. It incorporates the European Corrigendum EN 975-1:2

6、009/AC:2010-09. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags . Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 975-1:1999-10 as follows: a) the scope has been extended for square edged oak sawn timber and strips to thicknesses not exceeding 41 mm; b)

7、the dimensions (thickness and width) of baulks of oak sawn timber have been extended; c) the scope has been limited for prepared timber (dried timber) of beech sawn timber; d) the proportion of grades allowed within one boule has been re-specified; e) the grading principles have been modified for pa

8、rticular grades and categories. Compared with DIN EN 975-1:2009-07, the following corrections have been made: a) in the title boxes of Tables 3, 4, 6 and 7 the note “(reminding: Grading area of 0,2 m 2,0 m)” has been deleted. Previous editions DIN 68369: 1976-04 DIN 68370: 1980-10 DIN EN 975-1: 1999

9、-10, 2009-07 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 975-1 March 2009 + AC September 2010 ICS 79.040 Supersedes EN 975-1:1995English version Sawn timber Appearance grading of hardwoods Part 1: Oak and beech Bois scis Classement daspect des bois feuillus Partie 1: Chne et htre Schnitthol

10、z Sortierung nach dem Aussehen von Laubholz Teil 1: Eiche und Buche EN 975-1:2009 was approved by CEN on 2009-01-24 and Corrigendum AC on 2010-09-29. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status

11、of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version

12、 in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

13、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMA

14、LISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 E2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Ter

15、ms and definitions .54 Method of determination of sawn timber quality 54.1 Rules for grading .54.2 Grading principles .64.2.1 Assessment of the quality 64.2.2 Cases of un-edged boards 64.3 Criteria to be taken into account 64.3.1 General 64.3.2 Criteria linked to the structure of the timber 74.3.3 S

16、awing characteristics 74.3.4 Warp 74.3.5 Fungal and insect attacks .74.3.6 Stains 74.3.7 Other characteristics .85 Denomination of grades 85.1 General 85.2 Oak (Q) 85.3 Beech (F) .96 Acceptance of batches 96.1 Un-edged boards .96.2 Square edged timber .97 Grading rules 97.1 Grading face .97.2 Un-edg

17、ed boards .97.2.1 Grading area .97.2.2 Presence of a solitary feature (only one) . 107.3 Strips and square edged timber 107.3.1 Knots 107.3.2 Other features . 107.4 Baulks 107.5 Appearance grading Tables . 11Bibliography . 35DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 3 This document (EN 975-1:

18、2009 + AC:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 20

19、09, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig

20、hts. This document supersedes EN 975-1:1995. Foreword to EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria,

21、 Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 4 1

22、Scope This European Standard specifies the rules determining the quality of appearance graded sawn timber. It describes various grades of temperate hardwood rough sawn timber and regularized timber for which it lays down denominations and definitions. It also gives rules for composition and acceptan

23、ce of batches. This standard gives minimum requirements for each grade classification. Sawn timber not included within limits given in this standard may be defined, if necessary, by contract specifications established on the basis of this standard. This standard applies to grading of green and dried

24、 timber. Characteristics apply at the time of grading. This standard does not apply to the strength grading of structural timber or to sawn timber for pallets. This standard is applicable to the following products: a) Oak sawn timber, in the following categories: 1) Un-edged boards: individual selec

25、ted pieces and boules; 2) Square edged timber and strips (not exceeding 41 mm thickness); 3) Baulks (sum of thickness + width 200 mm and thickness 80 mm). b) Beech sawn timber, in the following categories: 1) Un-edged boards: individual selected pieces and boules; 2) Square edged timber and strips;

26、3) Prepared timber (dried timber). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)

27、applies. EN 844-1:1995, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 1: General terms common to round timber and sawn timber EN 844-3:1995, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-4:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 4: Terms relating to moisture co

28、ntent EN 844-6:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 6: Terms relating to dimensions of sawn timber EN 844-7:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of timber EN 844-9:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of

29、sawn timber EN 844-10:1998, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-11:1998, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 5 EN 844-12:2000, Round and sawn timber Te

30、rminology Part 12: Additional terms and general index EN 1310, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of features EN 1311, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of biological degrade EN 1313-2, Round and sawn timber Permitted deviations and preferred sizes Part 2: Hardwood sawn timber 3 T

31、erms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 844-1:1995, EN 844-3:1995, EN 844-4:1997, EN 844-6:1997, EN 844-7:1997, EN 844-9:1997, EN 844-10:1998, EN 844-11:1998 and EN 844-12:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 dried timber timber with a stipulated re

32、duced moisture content 3.2 green timber timber that has not been dried to or below the fibre saturation point NOTE Green timber has a moisture content normally above 30 %. EN 844-4:1997 3.3 width or length reduction notional decrease in the actual dimensions of a board to exclude features that may s

33、ubsequently be removed 4 Method of determination of sawn timber quality 4.1 Rules for grading Hardwood (oak and beech) can be put into grades using the principles laid down in 4.2, the criteria defined in 4.3 and the following tables: Table 2 gives rules for grading oak un-edged boards; Table 3 give

34、s rules for grading oak strips and square edged timber; Table 4 gives rules for grading oak baulks; Table 5 gives rules for grading beech un-edged boards; Table 6 gives rules for grading beech strips and square edged timber; Table 7 gives rules for grading beech prepared timber. DIN EN 975-1:2011-08

35、 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 6 4.2 Grading principles 4.2.1 Assessment of the quality For individual selected boards and boules grading is made on the faces. For other pieces grading is made on faces and edges. The size, position and frequency of features, sawing defects and deteriorations are taken

36、 into account. Non-conformity with the conditions applicable to any one of these elements is sufficient to downgrade the piece. Dimensional variation is not taken into account for quality grading of the pieces. It is already covered by EN 1313-2 or by any specific requirements defined contractually.

37、 Only the following categories can be reduced in width and/or length: Individual selected boards, boules. 4.2.2 Cases of un-edged boards 4.2.2.1 Individual selected boards No more than 10% of pieces one grade lower than the lowest one stated for the batch is allowed. For mixed grade batches the mini

38、mum proportion of each grade shall be identified. 4.2.2.2 Boules Recognising the characteristics inherent in a growing tree, a boule may comprise a number of un-edged boards of different grades. Proportion of grades allowed within a boule is given in Table 1: Table 1 Proportion of grades allowed wit

39、hin one boule 65% Stated grade 25% One grade lower 10% Two grades lower Pieces presenting features which are not in conformity with the boule grade shall be graded in accordance with reduced width rules (see 3.2). 4.3 Criteria to be taken into account 4.3.1 General Quality is determined on the basis

40、 of the rules in tables given in this standard and measurement rules according to EN 1310 and EN 1311. The moisture content of the timber at the time of grading shall be stated. The following criteria are sufficient for the appearance grading: DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 7 4.3.2

41、 Criteria linked to the structure of the timber Knots (size, nature, degree of intergrowth, frequency); Shakes and checks; Slope of grain; Bark-pocket; Sapwood (for oak); unless specified in the contract, sound sapwood is permitted without limit in all grades; NOTE Unsound sapwood is considered acco

42、rding to grading criteria given in Tables of Clause 7. Included sapwood. 4.3.3 Sawing characteristics Boxed heart; Exposed pith; NOTE Presence of pith on un-edged boards is not a qualitative element for downgrading but width reduction may be considered. Wane. 4.3.4 Warp Bow; Spring; Cup; Twist. 4.3.

43、5 Fungal and insect attacks 4.3.6 Stains Red heart (in beech); Black streaks; Dote; Rot; Brown oak; Other discolorations. DIN EN 975-1:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 8 4.3.7 Other characteristics Characteristics as texture, grain, quarter and plain sawn timber are not taken into account in the

44、grading. 5 Denomination of grades 5.1 General The denomination includes from three to six characters. 5.1.1 The first character is the species initial in Latin: Q for oak; F for beech. 5.1.2 The next character indicates the type of product: B for boules; S for individual selected boards; F for strip

45、s and square edged timber; P for baulks; D for prepared timber. 5.1.3 The next character indicated the quality grade “A“ indicates exceptional quality; 1, 2 , etc. represent the other grades. In some cases, these are subdivided, denoted by the addition of lower case letters and suffixes (see below).

46、 The grades for oak and beech are specified in 5.2 and 5.3. 5.2 Oak (Q) Boules Q-BA Q-B1 Q-B2 Q-B3 Q-B4 Individual selected boards Q-SA Q-S1 Q-S2 Q-S3 Q-S4 Strips and square edged timber Q-F1a Q-F1b Q-F2 Q-F3 Q-F4 Baulks Q-PA Q-P1 Q-P2 For strips and square edged timber, the addition, at the end of

47、class denomination: Of the letter X indicates the presence of sapwood on one face of strips or square edged pieces in limit given by Table 3, Of letters XX indicates the presence of sapwood on all faces and edges of strips or square edged pieces if it is over the limit given by Table 3. DIN EN 975-1

48、:2011-08 EN 975-1:2009 + AC:2010 (E) 9 5.3 Beech (F) Boules F-BA F-B1 F-B2 F-B3 Individual selected boards F-SA F-S1 F-S2 F-S3 Strips and squared edged timber F-F1 F-F2 F-F3 Prepared timber F-DA F-D1 F-D2 The addition of the letter R at the end indicated the presence of red heart. 6 Acceptance of batches 6.1 Un-edged boards Unless otherwise specified by the purchase, reception with quality acceptance of individual selected un-edged boards and boules shall take place on the sellers premises to allow wid