CEN TR 13387-3-2018 Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 3 Mechanical hazards.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Child care articles - General safety guidelinesPart 3: Mechanical hazardsPD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13387-3 July 2018 ICS 97.190 Supersedes CEN/TR 13387-3:2015 En

2、glish Version Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 3: Mechanical hazards Articles de puriculture - Conseils relatifs la scurit - Partie 3 : Dangers mcaniques Artikel fr Suglinge und Kleinkinder - Sicherheitsleitfaden - Teil 3: Mechanische Gefhrdungen This Technical Report was appro

3、ved by CEN on 16 March 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 252. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I

4、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CE

5、NELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 E National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13387-3:2018. It sup

6、ersedes PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2015, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/1, Safety of child use and child care products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does no

7、t purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 51986 4ICS 97.190Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal oblig

8、ations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13387-

9、3 July 2018 ICS 97.190 Supersedes CEN/TR 13387-3:2015 English Version Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 3: Mechanical hazards Articles de puriculture - Conseils relatifs la scurit - Partie 3 : Dangers mcaniques Artikel fr Suglinge und Kleinkinder - Sicherheitsleitfaden - Teil 3:

10、 Mechanische Gefhrdungen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 16 March 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 252. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Re

11、public of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPE

12、N DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 E PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:201

13、8 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Mechanical hazards Safety philosophy 7 5 Accessibility of mechanical hazards . 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Accessibility areas 8 5.3 Product information . 10 6 Entrapment hazards 11 6.1 Introduction

14、. 11 6.2 Entrapment of head and neck 12 6.2.1 Rationale . 12 6.2.2 Terms and definitions related to entrapment hazards 12 6.3 Requirements 14 6.4 Test equipment . 14 6.4.1 Probe philosophy . 14 6.4.2 Hip probe. 14 6.4.3 Small head probe 15 6.4.4 Large head probe . 16 6.4.5 Template for partially bou

15、nd and V shaped openings . 17 6.4.6 Selection and use of probes 18 6.5 Test methodology . 19 6.5.1 Feet first openings . 19 6.5.2 Head first openings 19 6.5.3 Partially bound, V and irregular shaped openings 19 6.6 Entrapment of fingers . 21 6.6.1 Rationale . 21 6.6.2 Requirements 22 6.6.3 Test equi

16、pment . 23 6.6.4 Test Methodology . 24 6.7 Rationale for entrapment of limbs, feet and hands . 24 7 Hazards from moving parts 24 7.1 Rationale . 24 7.2 General . 24 7.3 Shearing hazards 25 7.3.1 Requirements 25 7.3.2 Test equipment . 25 7.3.3 Test method . 25 7.4 Requirements for crushing hazards 26

17、 8 Hazards with products designed to fold for storage and transportation 26 8.1 Rationale . 26 8.2 Terms and definitions related to hazards with products designed to fold . 26 PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 3 8.3 Requirements . 26 8.3.1 General . 26 8.3.2 Unintentional release of lock

18、ing mechanisms . 27 8.3.3 Test methodology . 27 9 Hazards related to attachment mechanisms and opening and closing systems 27 9.1 Rationale 27 9.2 Requirement . 27 9.3 Test methodology . 28 10 Entanglement hazards 28 10.1 Snagging hazards 28 10.1.1 Rationale 28 10.1.2 Requirements . 28 10.1.3 Test E

19、quipment . 28 10.1.4 Test Methodology for loop and mass . 30 10.2 Cords, ribbons and parts used as ties 31 10.2.1 Rationale 31 10.2.2 Requirements . 31 10.2.3 Test methodology . 32 10.3 Loops . 32 10.3.1 Rationale 32 10.3.2 Requirements . 32 10.3.3 Test methodology . 32 11 Choking hazards 33 11.1 In

20、troduction 33 11.2 Hazard due to small components 33 11.2.1 Rationale 33 11.2.2 Requirements . 33 11.2.3 Test equipment (also used in 12.2.3) 34 11.2.4 Test methodology (also in 12.2.4) 36 11.3 Accessibility of filling materials 37 11.3.1 Rationale 37 11.3.2 Requirement . 37 11.3.3 Test equipment 37

21、 11.3.4 Test methodology . 39 11.4 Airway obstruction 39 11.4.1 Rationale 39 11.4.2 Protective mechanisms of the airway . 40 11.4.3 Requirements . 41 11.4.4 Test equipment 41 11.4.5 Test methodology . 42 12 Suffocation hazards 42 12.1 Introduction 42 12.2 Plastic decals and sheeting 43 12.2.1 Ration

22、ale 43 12.2.2 Requirements . 43 12.2.3 Determination of hazard 43 12.2.4 Test equipment 44 12.2.5 Test methodology . 44 12.3 Non air-permeable packaging 45 12.3.1 Rationale 45 12.3.2 Requirements - Packaging . 45 PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 4 12.3.3 Test equipment . 46 12.3.4 Test

23、methodology . 46 13 Ingestion hazards . 46 13.1 Rationale . 46 13.2 Ingestion of small components . 46 13.2.1 Requirements 46 13.2.2 Test equipment (Also used in 12.2.3) . 47 13.2.3 Test methodology . 49 14 Hazardous edges and projections 50 14.1 Introduction . 50 14.2 Edges . 50 14.2.1 Rationale .

24、50 14.2.2 Requirements - Edges on products and components 50 14.2.3 Test methodology . 51 14.3 Rigid protruding parts . 51 14.3.1 Rationale . 51 14.3.2 Requirements 51 14.3.3 Test methodology . 51 14.4 Points and wires . 51 14.4.1 Rationale . 51 14.4.2 Requirement 51 15 Structural integrity 51 15.1

25、Introduction . 51 15.2 Material suitability 52 15.2.1 Rationale . 52 15.2.2 Requirements 52 15.3 Strength and durability of the product 53 15.3.1 Rationale . 53 15.3.2 Requirements 53 15.3.3 Test methodology . 53 16 Protective function 53 16.1 Introduction . 53 16.2 Barrier function 53 16.2.1 Ration

26、ale . 53 16.2.2 Requirements 54 16.2.3 Test equipment - Hip probe 54 16.2.4 Test methodology . 55 16.3 Restraint systems . 55 16.3.1 Rationale . 55 16.3.2 Terms and definitions related to restraint systems 55 16.3.3 Requirements 56 16.3.4 Test equipment . 56 16.3.5 Test methodology . 57 16.4 Foothol

27、ds . 58 16.4.1 Rationale . 58 16.4.2 Requirements 58 16.4.3 Test equipment (Templates) . 58 16.4.4 Determination of a foothold . 59 16.4.5 Test methodology . 60 17 Hazard associated with stability. 63 17.1 Rationale . 63 PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 5 17.2 General requirement . 63 B

28、ibliography . 64 PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 6 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 13387-3:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 252 “Child care articles”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements

29、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 13387-3:2015. This new edition of this Technical Report is a hazard based Technical Report. In comparison with the previous version,

30、 the main changes related to the section on Mechanical hazards are: Ageing and wear: Reworded; Accessibility of mechanical hazards: Reworded; Entrapment Hazards: Addition of a new finger probe and a hip probe; Hazards from moving parts: Moving parts separated into two main areas; Entanglement hazard

31、s: Improvement of the diagram for the ball and chain test; clarification of the clause for “Cords, ribbons and parts used as ties; Suffocation hazards: Clarification of the clause for “Non air-permeable packaging”; Hazardous edges and projections: Drawings deleted; Protective function: Addition of a

32、 hip probe; Footholds: Reworded. The CEN/TR 13387 series comprises the following five parts: Safety philosophy and safety assessment (CEN/TR 13387-1); Chemical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-2); Mechanical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-3); Thermal hazards (CEN/TR 13387-4); Product information (CEN/TR 13387-5). CEN/T

33、R 13387-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with CEN/TR 13387-1. PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 7 1 Scope This document provides guidance information on mechnical hazards that should be taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child care articles. In addition,

34、 these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited

35、applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TR 13387-1:2018, Child use and care articles General safety guidelines Part 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessment ISO 4593, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of thicknes

36、s by mechanical scanning 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online br

37、owsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 mechanical hazards physical factors which may give rise to injury due to the mechanical properties of products/product parts 3.2 reach envelopes age related physical data on the reach limits of the limbs of children in different postures Note 1

38、 to entry: See 5.2. 3.3 ageing change of properties of the material due to exposure to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, UV radiation, cleaning agents, etc. 3.4 mechanical wear change of mechanical properties due to fatigue or repeated operation of devices, mechanisms and other pa

39、rts of the product 4 Mechanical hazards Safety philosophy This clause addresses the most widely known mechanical hazards and is intended to provide guidance when drafting standards for child care articles. Anthropometric data and information on the abilities of children related to risks are given in

40、 CEN/TR 13387-1:2018, Annex A. When using these data for setting requirements, adequate safety PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 8 margins should be considered. These data refer to static and not dynamic anthropometric data, therefore care should be taken if using these data for anything

41、 other than static situations when drafting standards. When drafting standards, conditions of use should be considered, bearing in mind the behaviour of children. Also, it is to be considered whether the child is attended or unattended when using the product and also the childs access to hazardous f

42、eatures. For each mechanical hazard a rationale is given, explaining the potential hazard to the child. Requirements, test equipment and test methods are also given. Where appropriate, these can be used when drafting standards. 5 Accessibility of mechanical hazards 5.1 General Within the mechanical

43、section no reference is made to specific areas of access, known as access zones. It would be wrong for this guidance document to specify exact areas of access as these should be determined in relation to the hazards and risks of individual products and risks when drafting the standard. As a general

44、guidance to the types of contact associated with mechanical hazards, the following examples are given: the hazardous part is in reach of the child from the intended position of use in particular by head, mouth, hands or feet and there is a high probability for frequent, intensive and/or prolonged co

45、ntact. Requirements need to address this primary contact; the hazardous part may be reached by the child or any other child beyond the intended position of use. The product is considered to remain in its intended position(s). Access to hazardous parts is gained by passing/moving around the product o

46、r when proceeding to the intended position. The risk of harm deriving from frequent, intensive and/or pro-longed contact may be less probable; the hazardous part exists, but cannot be reached by any child. Irrespective of the access category, the reasonably foreseeable conditions of use should alway

47、s be considered when designing childrens products and/or writing product standards. 5.2 Accessibility areas Information for determination of accessibility areas in connection with age group is given in Table 1 and Figure 1. These reach envelopes are based on a computer simulation, therefore the dime

48、nsions should be treated with care. If in the future experiments with children are undertaken, these figures in the table may be determined more accurately. PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2018CEN/TR 13387-3:2018 (E) 9 Table 1 Reach envelopes for guidance in the specification of accessibility areas in standards -

49、 anthropometric data related to Figure 1 Dimension (mm) Overhead Reach Overhead Reach on tiptoes Span Overhead Reach Sitting Arm Reach Buttock- Foot Lower Leg Length Age group L1 L1 L2 L3 L4 R1 R2 0 month to 6 months 760 - 660 550 250 300 150 6 months to 12 months 880 960 770 610 290 380 190 12 months to 36 months 1 160 1 260 1 020 770 420 550 275 36 months to 48 months 1 270 1 370 1 070 810 460 630 315 All dimensions are based on P95 values. L1, L1, L2, L3, L4, have been assessed with the comp