BS EN 61727-1996 Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of the utility interface《光电器件(PV)系统-通用接口的特性》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61727:1996 IEC1727:1995 Photovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of theutility interface The European Standard EN61727:1995 has the status of a British Standard ICS31.260BSEN61727:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sect

2、or Board, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comesintoeffect on 15January1996 BSI08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPL/47/3 Special announcement in BSI News February1995 ISBN 0 580 24897 6 Committees responsible for

3、 this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee EPL/47, Semiconductors, to SubcommitteeEPL/47/3 Performance of opto-electronic semiconductor devices and liquid crystal displays, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Telecommuni

4、cations plc Federation of the Electronics Industry Ministry of Defence National Supervising Inspectorate United Kingdom Optical Sensors Collaborative Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN61727:1996 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front c

5、over National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN61727 3 List of references Inside back coverBSEN61727:1996 ii BSI 08-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee EPL/47/3 and is theEnglish language version of EN61727:1995, Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Characteristics o

6、f the utility interface, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC1727:1995 published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.

7、Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard EN60555-2:1987 a BS5406 Disturbances in supply systems cause

8、d by household appliances and similar electrical equipment IEC555-2 (mod):1982 Part2:1988 Specification of harmonics EN60555-3:1987 a Part3:1988 Specification of voltage fluctuations (IEC555-3:1982) EN61173:1994 (IEC1173:1992) BS EN61173:1995 Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power genera

9、ting systems. Guide a Annex ZA states that these standards have been superseded by EN61000-3-2 and EN61000-3-3 respectively. The corresponding British Standards are: BS EN61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part3 Limits Section2:1995 Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input c

10、urrentk 16A per phase) BS EN61000-3-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part3 Limits Section3:1995 Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated currentk 16A. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page

11、si andii, theEN title page, pages2to10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN617

12、27 August1995 ICS 31.260 Descriptors: Photovoltaic systems, utility interface, power quality, protection equipment, personnel safety English version Photovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of the utility interface (IEC1727:1995) Systmes photovoltaques (PV) Caractristiques de linterface de raccorde

13、ment au rseau (CEI1727:1995) Photovoltaische (PV) Systeme Eigenschaftender Netz-Schnittstelle (IEC1727:1995) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on1995-07-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europ

14、ean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engl

15、ish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria,

16、Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee f

17、r Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN61727:1995 EEN61727:1995 BSI 08-1999 2 Foreword The text of document82/122/DIS, future edition1 of IEC1727, prepared by IECTC82, Solar photovoltaic energy system

18、s, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN61727 on1995-07-04. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex ZA is n

19、ormative and Annex A and Annex B are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Power quality 3 5 PV system equipment protection and personnel safety 4 Annex A (informative) PV system and interface 8 Annex B (informa

20、tive) Bibliography 9 Annex ZA (normative) Other international publications quoted in this standard with thereferences of the relevant European publications 10 Figure 1 Block diagram of a grid-connected PV system with manual safetydisconnect switch 6 Figure 2 Block diagram of a grid-connectedPVsystem

21、 with electromechanicalsafetydisconnect 7 Figure A.1 Block and interface diagramofaphotovoltaic system 8 Figure A.2 PV power-generating systemmajorfunctional elements, subsystemsandpower-flow diagram 9 latest date by which theENhas to be implemented at national level by publication of anidentical na

22、tional standard or by endorsement (dop) 1996-04-01 latest date by which thenational standards conflicting with the EN haveto be withdrawn (dow) 1996-04-01EN61727:1995 BSI 08-1999 3 1 Scope This International Standard addresses the interface requirements between the PV system and the utility, and pro

23、vides technical recommendations. NOTEInterface requirements may vary when storage systems are incorporated or when control signals for PV system operation are supplied by the utility. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, c

24、onstitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recen

25、t editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC555-2:1982, Disturbances in supply systems caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment Part2: Harmonics. IEC555-3:1982, Disturbances in

26、supply systems caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment Part3: Voltage fluctuations. IEC1173:1992, Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems Guide. IEC1277:1995, Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems General and guide. CIGRE123:1992

27、, Equipment producing harmonics and conditions governing their connection to the main power supply. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 array field the aggregate of all solar photovoltaic arrays within a given system (see IEC1277) 3.2 dir

28、ect current (d.c.) interface the connections between the array field and the input of the power-conditioning subsystem 3.3 electric utility generally, an organization responsible for the installation, operation and maintenance of major electric supply and distribution systems (see IEC1277) 3.4 stora

29、ge subsystem the subsystem that stores electric energy 3.5 electromechanical safety disconnect control and monitoring subsystem the subsystem that monitors utility grid conditions and opens an electromechanical safety disconnect for out-of-bounds conditions 3.6 photovoltaic system a system that conv

30、erts light directly into electric energy and into a form suitable for use by the intended load 3.7 power conditioning subsystems the subsystem that converts the direct-current (d.c.) power from the array field to alternating current (a.c.) that is compatible with the requirements of the electric uti

31、lity the electric equipment used to convert electrical power into a form or forms of electrical power suitable for subsequent use (see IEC1277) 3.8 PV system utility interface the interconnection between the power-conditioning subsystem, the local alternating-current loads, and the utility grid 3.9

32、monitor and control subsystem logic and control circuitry which supervises the overall operation of the system by controlling the interaction between all subsystems (see IEC1277) 4 Power quality The quality of power provided by the photovoltaic system for the on-site alternating-current loads and fo

33、r power delivered to the utility is governed by practices and standards on voltage, flicker, frequency, harmonics, and power factor. Deviations from these standards (voltage dips, micro-interruptions, etc.) represent out-of-bound conditions and may require disconnection of the photovoltaic system fr

34、om the utility. All power quality parameters (voltage, frequency, harmonics, etc.) are assumed to be measured at the utility interface unless otherwise specified. 4.1 Service voltage, current and power For proper operation of the on-site a.c. loads, the utility service voltage is maintained within c

35、ertain limits specified by local codes. The photovoltaic system voltage shall be compatible with the utility.EN61727:1995 4 BSI 08-1999 4.2 Flicker The operation of the PV system should not cause voltage flicker in excess of allowable limits on the utility. NOTEAllowable flicker limits are generally

36、 established by individual utilities and measure at the primary or secondary of the utility service transformer. Objectionable flicker is subjectively determined by the party experiencing objectionable levels and frequency of abrupt changes in voltage. 4.3 Frequency The PV system shall operate in sy

37、nchronism with the utility grid. 4.4 Harmonics (see IEC555-2) Low levels of current and voltage harmonics are desirable; the higher harmonic levels increase the potential for adverse effects on connected equipment. Acceptable levels of harmonic voltage and current depend upon distribution system cha

38、racteristics, type of service, connected loads/apparatus, and established utility practice. In general, the operation of the photovoltaic system should not cause excessive distortion of the utility voltage waveform or result in excessive injection of harmonic currents into the utility system. NOTETo

39、tal harmonic voltage distortion is defined as: The harmonic limits for static power converters are given by the local codes. Suggested design targets for voltage and current harmonic limits are5% total current harmonics, and2% total voltage harmonic distortion with a1%maximum for individual voltage

40、harmonics. These values are generally applied at the peak output rating of the system (see Vol. No.123Electra/RevueCIGRE). 4.5 Power factor The PV system should have an average lagging power factor greater than0,85 at the rated load or other values fixed by local codes. When the power factor falls b

41、elow this point, power-factor correction may be required. Some utilities may impose limits on leading power factor. Average power factor (PF) is calculated by dividing the kilowatt-hours (kWh) by the square root of the sum of the squares of the kilowatt-hours and the kilovarhours (kVARh) over a peri

42、od of time. Average power factor (PF) over a period of time is given by: 5 PV system equipment protection and personnel safety This clause provides information and considerations for the proper and safe operation of the utility grid-connected PV systems. 5.1 Loss of utility voltage A primary safety

43、consideration of PV systems interconnected to a utility is that the PV system shall disconnect from a de-energized distribution line irrespective of connected loads or other generators within the time limits specified by the local codes. This is to prevent back-feeding to the line, which could creat

44、e a hazardous situation for utility maintenance personnel and the general public. A utility distribution line can become de-energized for several reasons. For example, a substation breaker opening due to fault conditions, or the distribution line switched out during maintenance. 5.2 Over/under volta

45、ge and frequency 5.2.1 Over/under voltage (see IEC555-3) When the interface voltage deviates outside the conditions specified by local codes, the photovoltaic system shall disconnect from the utility. This applies to any phase of a multiphase system. 5.2.2 Over/under frequency When the utility frequ

46、ency deviates outside the conditions specified by local codes, the photovoltaic system shall disconnect from the utility. 5.3 Utility recovery Following photovoltaic system disconnects as a result of an out-of-bounds condition, the photovoltaic system shall remain disconnected until utility service

47、voltage has recovered to within utility acceptable voltage and frequency limits for a sufficient period of time, typically30s to3min. 5.4 Direct-current isolation The PV system shall not inject d.c. into the a.c. or a.c. into the d.c. interface under normal or abnormal conditions. An isolation trans

48、former is one method that can be used to satisfy this requirement. where V 1 is the r.m.s. fundamental voltage V n is the harmonic voltage of order n where E REAL is the energy in kWh and E REACTIVEis the reactive energy in kVARh.EN61727:1995 BSI 08-1999 5 5.5 Grounding The PV system and utility int

49、erface equipment shall be grounded in accordance with the applicable local and national codes (see IEC1173). 5.6 Surge protection The photovoltaic system shall have surge protection in accord with the applicable local and national codes (see IEC1173). 5.7 Short-circuit protection The photovoltaic system shall have short-circuit protection for the utility grid in accordance with the applicable local and national codes. 5.8 Safety disconnect For the safety of persons who may be exposed to contact with the utility lines or equipment dur