BS 9999-2017 Fire safety in the design management and use of buildings Code of practice《建筑设计、管理和使用中的消防安全 实施规则》.pdf

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1、BS 9999:2017Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Fire safety in the design,management and use ofbuildings Code of practiceBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when

2、the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2017Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 97716 9ICS 13.220.01; 91.040.01The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference FSH/14Draft for comment 16/30314117 DCPublication historyFirst

3、published October 2008Second (present) edition, January 2017Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedFebruary 2017 C1. Correction to Table 24.BS 9999:2017 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword xSection 1: General 10 Introduction 11 Scope 72 Normative references 73 Terms and definitions 124 Ge

4、neral recommendations and background 244.1 Basis of design 244.2 Variation of recommendations 254.3 Property protection and business continuity 254.4 Environment 254.5 Mixed-use buildings incorporating residential use 264.6 Additional recommendations for specific building types/occupancies 264.7 Inc

5、lusive design 26Section 2: Risk profiles and assessing risk 285 Assessing risk 286 Risk profiles 296.1 General 296.2 Occupancy characteristic 306.3 Fire growth rate 306.4 Creating the risk profile 326.5 Variation of risk profile 33Section 3: Ensuring effective fire protection 347 Ensuring effective

6、fire protection 347.1 General 347.2 The design stage 347.3 The construction stage 357.4 The maintenance stage 36Section 4: Designing for the management of fire risk 378 Establishing fire risk management systems 378.1 General 378.2 Management system levels 378.3 Implementing fire risk management stra

7、tegy 388.4 Designing fire risk management into buildings 419 Fire safety documentation 4210 Designing so that a building can be managed 4210.1 General 4310.2 Management input 4310.3 Designing for the management of fire prevention 4410.4 Designing for the management of fire protection 47Section 5: De

8、signing means of escape 5211 Principles of means of escape 5212 Evacuation strategy 5412.1 General 5412.2 Total evacuation 5512.3 Progressive evacuation 56BRITISH STANDARD BS 9999:2017 The British Standards Institution 2017 i13 Internal subdivision and spatial/visual orientation 5613.1 Compartments

9、5613.2 Open spatial (vertical) planning 5713.3 Atria 5713.4 High fire risk areas 5713.5 Process plant and outdoor structures 5714 Designing means of escape 5814.1 General 5814.2 Acceptable means of escape 6114.3 Generally unacceptable means of escape 6215 Minimum package of fire protection 6215.1 Ge

10、neral 6215.2 Fire detection and fire alarm systems 6315.3 Voice alarms and public address systems 6415.4 Artificial and emergency escape lighting 6415.5 Exit signs 6415.6 Doors 6515.7 Protected power circuits 6715.8 Fire protection of lift installations 7115.9 Mechanical ventilation and air conditio

11、ning systems 7215.10 Refuse chutes and storage 7216 Horizontal means of escape 7216.1 General 7216.2 Number of occupants 7316.3 Layout and number of escape routes and exits 7316.4 Travel distance 8416.5 Cellular plan floors 8516.6 Width of doors, corridors and escape routes 8616.7 Methods of horizon

12、tal escape for disabled people 8817 Vertical means of escape 8817.1 General 8817.2 Design of escape stairs 8917.3 Number of escape stairs 9117.4 Width of escape stairs 9217.5 Basement stairs 9317.6 Protected stairs 9417.7 External escape stairs 9517.8 Methods of vertical escape for disabled people 9

13、718 Additional fire protection measures 9718.1 General 9718.2 Automatic detection and informative warning systems 10218.3 Effect of ceiling heights 10218.4 Maximum acceptable variations 103Section 6: Access and facilities for fire-fighting 10519 General recommendations for fire-fighting facilities 1

14、0520 Facilities for fire-fighting 10620.1 Provision and siting of fire-fighting shafts 10620.2 Layout of fire-fighting shafts 10920.3 Construction of fire-fighting shafts 11420.4 Firefighters lifts 11721 Vehicle access 12321.1 General 12321.2 Buildings not fitted with fire mains 12321.3 Access for h

15、igh-reach appliances 12521.4 Buildings fitted with fire mains 125BRITISH STANDARDBS 9999:2017ii The British Standards Institution 201722 Water supplies for fire and rescue service use 12722.1 Fire mains 12722.2 Location and access to external water supply 12723 Communications systems for fire and re

16、scue service use 12824 Fire control centre 12825 Fire-fighters emergency switches for discharge lighting installation 13026 Drawings for fire and rescue service use 13027 Heat and smoke control 13127.1 Smoke control for fire-fighting shafts 13127.2 Venting of smoke and heat from basements 13827.3 Ve

17、nting of smoke and heat from covered car parks 13927.4 Smoke and heat ventilation from loading docks and covered serviceroadways 13927.5 Smoke and heat ventilation from protected lobbies and protectedcorridors 14028 Electrical services 140Section 7: Designing the building structure (load-bearing and

18、 non-load-bearingelements) 14229 Designing the building structure General 14230 Fire resistance 14330.1 Elements of structure 14330.2 Minimum levels of fire resistance for elements of structure 14430.3 Glazed fire-resisting elements 15130.4 Glazing and the effects of sprinklers 15531 Compartmentatio

19、n 15531.1 Fire resistance of compartments 15631.2 Size of compartments 15731.3 Provision of compartmentation 15731.4 Construction of compartment walls and compartment floors 16032 Openings 16332.1 Fire doors 16332.2 Shutter assemblies 17132.3 Active fire curtain barrier assemblies 17232.4 Access pan

20、els 17232.5 Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning systems 17232.6 Fire-stopping 18233 Concealed spaces 18233.1 Provision of cavity barriers 18333.2 Extensive cavities 18633.3 Construction and fixings for cavity barriers 18834 Materials and finishes 18934.1 Classification and use of internal wa

21、ll and ceiling linings 18934.2 Special roof coverings 19534.3 Insulating core panels 19535 External fire spread and building separation 19835.1 Boundaries 19935.2 Unprotected area 20235.3 Degree of separation 20435.4 Roofs 20535.5 External fire spread over the external faces of buildings 20736 Accom

22、modation ancillary to the main use of the building 20936.1 Engineering services installation rooms 209BRITISH STANDARD BS 9999:2017 The British Standards Institution 2017 iii36.2 Waste storage and treatment 21136.3 Storage areas (including receiving and dispatch areas) 21137 Engineering services 211

23、37.1 Gas services 21137.2 Electrical services 21237.3 Enclosure of engineering services 21637.4 Lighting 21637.5 Heating systems 21737.6 Lifts, escalators, moving walks and goods conveyors 21837.7 Incinerators 218Section 8: Special risk protection 21938 Special risk protection 219Section 9: Managing

24、 occupied buildings 22039 Commissioning and handover 22039.1 Management issues 22039.2 Approvals and certification 22140 Managing occupied buildings 22240.1 Appointment of fire safety manager and other personnel 22240.2 Management organization and structure 22240.3 Overview of the fire safety manage

25、rs responsibilities 22340.4 Buildings occupied by more than one organization 22540.5 Public areas 22540.6 Tenants, concessionaires and residents 22640.7 Caretakers 22640.8 Continuing control and audit procedures 22640.9 Communications 22641 Fire prevention 22741.1 General 22741.2 Housekeeping 22841.

26、3 Audience/crowd control 23041.4 Arson 23041.5 Conflicts between security and means of escape 23041.6 Contractors and subcontractors on the premises and hot work 23041.7 Maintenance of building plant and equipment 23142 Ensuring that systems respond properly in an emergency 23142.1 Escape routes 231

27、42.2 Maintenance of fire safety equipment and provisions 23243 Planning the response to a fire 23343.1 General 23343.2 The fire routine 23443.3 Provision for people at particular risk 23543.4 Fire control centre functions 23543.5 Evacuation management 23643.6 Test evacuations (fire drills) 23743.7 F

28、alse alarms 23843.8 Contingency planning for business interruption 23843.9 Protection of building structure, contents, and the environment 23943.10 Salvage and damage control 23944 Emergency actions 24044.1 General 24044.2 Action on discovery 24144.3 Warning and evacuation signals 24144.4 Calling th

29、e fire and rescue service 24244.5 Evacuation procedures 242BRITISH STANDARDBS 9999:2017iv The British Standards Institution 201744.6 Fighting the fire 24344.7 Receiving the fire and rescue service 24444.8 Completion of evacuation 24444.9 Re-entry to the building 24444.10 After the incident 24545 Eva

30、cuation of disabled people 24545.1 General 24545.2 Mobility-impaired people 24545.3 Wheelchair users 24645.4 People who are Deaf or hard of hearing 24645.5 Blind and partially sighted people 24645.6 People with cognitive disabilities 24745.7 Use of personal emergency evacuation plans 24745.8 Use of

31、refuges 24845.9 Evacuation using lifts 24845.10 Evacuation using stairways 24945.11 Test evacuations for people requiring assistance 24945.12 Fire instructions and training 25046 Management of fire safety prior to full occupation of a building 25047 Building works, alterations, decommissioning and d

32、emolition 25147.1 General 25247.2 Hot work 25247.3 Change of use of buildings 25247.4 Units in disuse and areas decommissioned 253AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Additional recommendations for property protection andbusiness continuity 255Annex B (normative) Recommendations for atria 260Annex C (informat

33、ive) Design solutions and exemplars for atria 271Annex D (normative) Recommendations for theatres, cinemas and similarvenues 294Annex E (normative) Recommendations for shopping complexes 305Annex F (normative) Process plant and outdoor structures 325Annex G (normative) Recommendations for refuges an

34、d evacuation lifts 329Annex H (normative) Fire safety manual 339Annex I (normative) Routine inspection and maintenance of fire safetyinstallations 346Annex J (normative) Fire control centre and evacuation management 351Annex K (informative) Fire safety equipment, facilities and systems 353Annex L (i

35、nformative) Signs and signage 356Annex M (normative) Phased evacuation 357Annex N (informative) Typical arrangements to keep firefighters lift wells freefrom water 359Annex O (normative) Operational information (emergency packs) for the fireand rescue service 362Annex P (normative) Commissioning and

36、 handover of smoke controlsystems 363Annex Q (normative) Fire safety training 364Annex R (normative) Control of conditions in public areas 366Annex S (normative) Recommendations for owners of multi-occupancyresidential buildings 369Annex T (informative) Examples of fire instruction notice text 371An

37、nex U (normative) Audience/crowd control 375Annex V (normative) Hot work 377Annex W (normative) Routine inspection and maintenance of ventilation and airconditioning ductwork 378Annex X (informative) Examples of evacuation strategies 379BRITISH STANDARD BS 9999:2017 The British Standards Institution

38、 2017 vBibliography 381Index 389List of figuresFigure 1 Example of the application of BS 9999 to a typical design process 4Figure 2 Comparison of fire and time line development 52Figure 3 Occupant response and travel time 53Figure 4 Escape route on associated floor areas 58Figure 5 Designing means o

39、f escape 59Figure 6 Merging flow at final exit level 68Figure 7 Escape routes 45 or more apart 75Figure 8 Inner room and access room 77Figure 9 Exits in a central core 78Figure 10 Dead-end corridors and corridors connecting alternative exits 80Figure 11 Recesses off corridors 82Figure 12 Extension o

40、f corridor beyond a protected stairway 82Figure 13 Progressive horizontal evacuation 84Figure 14 Measurement of door width 86Figure 15 External protection to protected stairways Configurations of stairsand external wall 90Figure 16 Fire resistance of areas adjacent to external stairs 95Figure 17 Pro

41、cess for assessing additional fire protection measures 98Figure 18 Hose distances for the location of fire-fighting shafts and additionalriser outlets 108Figure 19 Minimum extent of fire-fighting stairs and lifts in tall buildings andbuildings with deep basements 109Figure 20 Typical fire-fighting s

42、haft layout at fire and rescue service accesslevel Fire and rescue service access at lowest storey 110Figure 21 Typical fire-fighting shaft layout at fire and rescue service accesslevel Fire and rescue service access directly from open air ground level in abuilding with basements 111Figure 22 Passen

43、ger lifts within a fire-fighting shaft 112Figure 23 Protection of the fire-fighting shaft from external fire 115Figure 24 Firefighters lift within escape stair 119Figure 25 Example of fire-fighting shaft layout for a dual-entry firefighterslift 120Figure 26 Example of building footprint and perimete

44、r 124Figure 27 Relationship between building and hard-standing/access road forhigh-reach fire appliances 126Figure 28 Free area of smoke ventilators 135Figure 29 Compartment floors 159Figure 30 Junction of a compartment wall with a roof 162Figure 31 Ductwork passing through protected routes (Method

45、2or Method 3) 174Figure 32 Ductwork passing through protected routes (Method 4) 174Figure 33 Flues and compartment walls and floors 180Figure 34 Enclosure for drainage or water supply pipes 181Figure 35 Provisions for cavity barriers 184Figure 36 Cavity wall excluded from provisions for cavity barri

46、ers 185Figure 37 Fire-resisting ceiling below concealed space 186Figure 38 Provisions for cavity barriers in double-skinned insulated roofsheeting 186Figure 39 Layout restrictions on Class 3 plastic rooflights, TP(b) rooflightsand TP(b) lighting diffusers 193Figure 40 Layout restrictions on small Cl

47、ass 3 plastic rooflights, TP(b) rooflightsand lighting diffusers 193Figure 41 Thermoplastic cored internal wall and ceiling panels Typicaljunction 196Figure 42 Relevant boundaries 200BRITISH STANDARDBS 9999:2017vi The British Standards Institution 2017Figure 43 Notional boundaries 201Figure 44 Combu

48、stible surface material as unprotected area 202Figure 45 Exclusions from unprotected area calculations 203Figure 46 Roof covering adjoining line of compartmentation 206Figure 47 Provisions for external surfaces of walls 208Figure C.1 Occupancy characteristic and atrium height Initial decisions 272Fi

49、gure C.2 Occupancy characteristic A Atrium height less than 30 m 273Figure C.3 Occupancy characteristic A Atrium height greater than 30 m 274Figure C.4 Exemplar 1 Occupancy characteristic A Atrium height lessthan 30 m simultaneous evacuation 275Figure C.5 Exemplar 2 Occupancy characteristic A Atrium height lessthan 30 m phased evacuation 276Figure C.6 Exemplar 3 Occupancy characteristic A Atrium height greaterthan 30 m simultaneous e