BS 9991-2015 Fire safety in the design management and use of residential buildings Code of practice《设计 管理和住宅使用中的消防安全 实施规程》.pdf

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1、BS 9991:2015Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Fire safety in the design,management and use ofresidential buildings Code of practiceBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document ind

2、icates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2016Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 96356 8ICS 13.220.01; 91.040.30The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference FSH/14Draft for comment 15/30301829 DCPublication h

3、istoryFirst published December 2011Second (present) edition, October 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedNovember 2016 C1. Correction to Note 1 in 14.2.1.1.BS 9991:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword viiSection 1: General 10 Introduction 11 Scope 92 Normative references 93 Ter

4、ms and definitions 124 General recommendations 184.1 Basis of design 184.2 Variation of recommendations 194.3 Property protection and business continuity 194.4 Environment 204.5 Atria 204.6 Inclusive design 21Section 2: Designing means of escape 225 General 225.1 Escape by way of doors and windows 2

5、25.2 Escape from basements 236 Means of escape and provision for rescue from houses 246.1 Single and two-storey houses 246.2 Inner rooms in houses 246.3 Houses with one floor more than 4.5 m above ground level 246.4 Houses with more than one floor higher than 4.5 m above groundlevel 256.5 Loft conve

6、rsions 257 Means of escape from flats and maisonettes 267.1 General 267.2 Alternative exits from flats and maisonettes 277.3 Escape routes from flats and maisonettes with balcony approach or deckapproach 277.4 Escape routes from flats and maisonettes with corridor or lobbyapproach 337.5 Small buildi

7、ngs 338 Means of escape from specialized housing 378.1 General 378.2 Travel distances 378.3 Protected stairways and corridor zones 378.4 Vertical transportation 378.5 Furnished areas in corridors 388.6 Doors 388.7 Electric wheelchairs and mobility scooters 389 Internal planning of flats and maisonet

8、tes 399.1 General 399.2 Basement flats 399.3 Flats or maisonettes situated not more than 4.5 m above ground or accesslevel 399.4 Flats situated more than 4.5 m above ground or access level 409.5 Internal planning of maisonettes 439.6 Flats with galleries 479.7 Open-plan flat design 479.8 Cluster acc

9、ommodation 48BRITISH STANDARD BS 9991:2015 The British Standards Institution 2016 iSection 3: Active fire protection 5010 Fire detection and fire alarm systems 5010.1 General 5010.2 Automatic fire detection and fire alarm systems for mixed-usebuildings 5011 Automatic fire suppression systems 5111.1

10、General 5111.2 Permitted variations 5112 Manual fire-fighting equipment 5413 Special risk protection 5414 Smoke control 5514.1 Smoke control for means of escape 5514.2 Heat and smoke control for fire-fighting 5714.3 Design, installation, commissioning and maintenance 6215 Power supplies, cabling and

11、 installation 62Section 4: Design for construction 6416 Fire resistance 6416.1 General 6416.2 Minimum levels of fire resistance for elements of structure 6417 Compartmentation 7218 External fire spread and building separation 7318.1 General 7318.2 External fire spread over the external faces of buil

12、dings 7418.3 Boundaries 7418.4 Unprotected area 7818.5 Degree of separation 7918.6 Roofs 8119 Concealed spaces 8419.1 Provision of cavity barriers 8419.2 Construction and fixings for cavity barriers 8820 Materials 8920.1 Internal linings 8920.2 Suspended or stretched-skin ceilings 8920.3 Non-combust

13、ible materials 8920.4 Special roof coverings 9021 Service ducts, pipes and shafts 9021.1 Service shafts 9021.2 Installation of ductwork systems 9021.3 Flues 9121.4 Protection of pipe openings 9122 Glazed fire-resisting elements 9322.1 General 9422.2 Limitations of non-insulating fire-resisting glazi

14、ng 9522.3 Glazed screen separating protected shaft from lobby or corridor 9622.4 Glazing and the effects of sprinklers 9623 Active fire curtain/barrier assemblies 9724 Openings 9824.1 Fire doors 9824.2 Shutter assemblies 10524.3 Access panels 10524.4 Fire-stopping 105BRITISH STANDARDBS 9991:2015ii T

15、he British Standards Institution 201625 Floors and ramps on escape routes 10626 Design and construction of common stairs 106Section 5: Stairs and final exits 10727 Number and siting of common stairs 10728 Width of common stairs 10729 Enclosure of common stairs 10730 Basement stairs 10930.1 Multiple

16、stair buildings 10930.2 Single stair buildings 10931 Stairs within mixed-use developments 11032 Access lobbies and corridors to protected stairways 11033 External stairs 11134 Discharge from common stairs and final exits 112Section 6: Mechanical systems for ducted heating, ventilation and airconditi

17、oning (HVAC) 11435 HVAC systems within individual dwellings 11436 HVAC systems serving the whole building or interconnecting dwellingsand other residential units 114Section 7: Ancillary accommodation to flats and maisonettes 11737 General recommendations for ancillary accommodation 11738 Places of s

18、pecial fire hazard 11939 Installation of engineering services 11940 Engineering service installation rooms 11941 Gas services, installation and service pipes 12042 Electrical services 12042.1 Electrical service installations 12042.2 Transformer, battery and switchgear rooms 12042.3 Fire-fighters eme

19、rgency switches for discharge lighting installations 12143 Gas and electricity meters 12144 Lighting 12244.1 Types of luminaire 12244.2 Lighting of common escape routes in buildings containing flats ormaisonettes 12244.3 Protected circuits 12345 Lift machine rooms and machinery spaces 12346 Communal

20、 heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems 12347 Refuse storage, disposal and incineration 12448 Car parks and domestic garages 12448.1 Car parks within or adjoining buildings 12448.2 Domestic garages adjoining buildings 125Section 8: Access and facilities for fire-fighting 12649 General rec

21、ommendations for fire-fighting facilities 12650 Fire-fighting access 12750.1 Access for fire appliances 12750.2 Access for fire-fighters 128BRITISH STANDARD BS 9991:2015 The British Standards Institution 2016 iii50.3 Construction of fire-fighting shafts 12951 Water supplies for fire and rescue servi

22、ce fire-fighting use 13051.1 Fire mains 13051.2 Location and access to external water supply 13152 Information for fire and rescue service use 132Section 9: Management 13353 Management of specialized housing 13354 Evacuation of disabled occupants or occupants that require assistance toescape 13355 R

23、esidents 13456 Caretakers 13457 Maintenance of fire protection measures 13458 Maintenance of building plant and equipment 13559 Ensuring that systems respond properly in an emergency 13559.1 Escape routes 13559.2 Maintenance of fire safety equipment and provisions 13659.3 Fire-fighting access and eq

24、uipment 13759.4 Contingency planning 137Section 10: Building works: Material alterations, extensions, refurbishment,change of use, disuse, decommissioning and demolition 13860 Design of works 13861 Change of use 13862 Refurbishments 13863 Dwellings in disuse and areas decommissioned 13864 Managing b

25、uilding work and material alterations 13965 Building works to occupied or partly occupied buildings 139AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Methods of smoke ventilation 140Annex B (normative) Additional recommendations for property protection andbusiness continuity 142Annex C (normative) Atria 147Annex D (n

26、ormative) Private balconies (open or enclosed) and communal roofgardens 161Annex E (informative) Management of additional needs and disabilities 163Annex F (informative) Advice to occupiers of dwellings in residentialbuildings 165Bibliography 171List of figuresFigure 1 Alternative arrangements for e

27、scape via the ground storey in housesexceeding 4.5 m in height 25Figure 2 Maisonette with alternative exits from each room not on the floor ofentrance 28Figure 3 Maisonette with protected entrance hall and protected landing 29Figure 4 Open-plan maisonette 30Figure 5 Common escape routes in balcony/d

28、eck approach buildings 31Figure 6 Common escape routes in single stair buildings with a floor levelmore than 11 m above ground 34Figure 7 Common escape routes in multi stair buildings 35Figure 8 Common escape routes in small single stair buildings 36BRITISH STANDARDBS 9991:2015iv The British Standar

29、ds Institution 2016Figure 9 Furnished areas in specialized housing corridors 38Figure 10 Flat with restricted travel distance 40Figure 11 Flat with a protected entrance hall and restricted travel distance 41Figure 12 Flat with an alternative exit 42Figure 13 Flat (entered from below) with a restrict

30、ed travel distance 44Figure 14 Flat (entered from below) with a protected entrance hall andrestricted travel distance 45Figure 15 Flat (entered from above or below) with an alternative exit 46Figure 16 Typical cluster accommodation layout 48Figure 17 Provisions for external surfaces of walls 75Figur

31、e 18 Relevant boundaries 76Figure 19 Notional boundaries 77Figure 20 Combustible surface material as unprotected area 78Figure 21 Exclusions from unprotected area calculations 79Figure 22 Roof covering adjoining line of compartmentation 81Figure 23 Limitations on spacing and size of plastic roof lig

32、hts having aClass 3 or TP(b) lower surface 83Figure 24 Provisions for cavity barriers 85Figure 25 Cavity wall excluded from provisions for cavity barriers 86Figure 26 Fire-resisting ceiling below concealed space 87Figure 27 Provisions for cavity barriers in double skinned insulated roofsheeting 87Fi

33、gure 28 Flues and compartment walls and floors 92Figure 29 Enclosure for drainage or water supply pipes 93Figure 30 Pipes penetrating structure 93Figure 31 Protected routes forming an internal angle 108Figure 32 Staircase separating basement and upper storeys in single stairresidential buildings 109

34、Figure 33 Fire resistance of areas adjacent to external stairs 111Figure 34 Lobby protection to final exit from stairway 113Figure 35 Components of a residential fire-fighting shaft 131Figure C.1 Occupancy category decision process 148Figure C.2 Exemplar 1: Atrium base: no control required 149Figure

35、 C.3 Exemplar 2: Atrium base: no control required 150Figure C.4 Exemplar 3a: Atrium base: controlled fire load 151Figure C.5 Exemplar 3b: Atrium base: controlled fire load 152Figure C.6 Exemplar 3c: Atrium base: controlled fire load 153Figure C.7 Exemplar 4: Atrium base: controlled fire load 154Figu

36、re F.1 General fire safety advice for occupiers of dwellings in residentialbuildings 167Figure F.2 Example of a fire instruction notice for use in flats 169Figure F.3 Example of a fire instruction notice for use in other residentialbuildings 170List of tablesTable 1 Housing typology 6Table2AWFSS and

37、 categories for use with permitted variations 52Table 3 Minimum fire resistance performance 67Table 4 Fire resistance periods for elements of structure (independent ofventilation conditions) 71Table 5 Fire resistance periods for elements of structure (based on ventilationconditions) 71Table 6 Provis

38、ions for fire-protecting suspended ceilings 72Table 7 Small residential unprotected area limits and boundary distances 81BRITISH STANDARD BS 9991:2015 The British Standards Institution 2016 vTable 8 Separation distances for roof coverings 82Table 9 Separation distance for plastic roof lights 83Table

39、 10 Maximum nominal interior diameter of pipes passing through acompartment wall/floor 92Table 11 Limitations on non-insulating fire-resisting glazed elements installedin buildings containing flats or maisonettes 96Table 12 Provisions for fire doors 100Table 13 Lobby ventilation 109Table 14 Maximum

40、travel distances in areas of ancillary accommodation 118Table 15 Structural fire protection of areas of ancillary accommodation 118Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to x,pages 1 to 174, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 9991:

41、2015vi The British Standards Institution 2016ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 October 2015.It was prepared by Technical Committee FSH/14, Fire precautions in buil

42、dings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 9991:2011, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThis standard complements BS 9999, which excludes individual dwelling houses,certai

43、n residential buildings and specialized housing from its scope.BS 9991 provides guidance on all of these building types.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: change from “sheltered or extra care housing” to “specialized

44、 housing”and expansion of related recommendations; expanded recommendations for escape from basements; updating of recommendations relating to lifts; inclusion of new recommendations for power supplies; inclusion of new recommendations for cluster accommodation; inclusion of new guidance on the mana

45、gement of additional needs anddisabilities; general update to take into account new and revised standards publishedsince 2011.Text introduced or altered by Corrigendum No. 1 is indicated in the text bytags. Minor editorial corrections are not tagged.Use of this documentThere might be circumstances w

46、here it is necessary to use one publication tosupplement another, but care needs to be taken when using a “pick-and-mix”approach as it is essential to ensure that an integrated approach is used in anyone building.As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendati

47、ons. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It

48、has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.BRITISH STANDARD BS 9991:2015 The British Standards Institution 2016 viiPresentational conventionsTh

49、e provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type.Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Where words have alternative spellings, the preferred spelling of the ShorterOxford English Dictionary is used (e.g. “organization” rathe