BS 8468-1-2006 Respiratory equipment for use against chemical biological radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents - Positive pressure self-contained open-circuit breathing apparatus .pdf

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1、BS 8468-1:2006Respiratory protective devices for use against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agentsPart 1: Positive pressure, self-contained, open-circuit breathing apparatus SpecificationICS 11.040.10; 13.340.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT

2、 LAWBRITISH STANDARDIncorporatingCorrigendum No. 1Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48086 0The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference PH/4Dr

3、aft for comment 05/30111983Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affected16807 30 November 2006 Foreword and Annex ABS 8468-1:2006 BSI 2006 iBS 8468-1:2006ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Description 25 Requirements 26 Marking 37 Informat

4、ion supplied by the manufacturer 3AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Test method for chemical agent permeation and penetration resistance against distilled sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB) 4Annex B (informative) Relationship between this British Standard and the basic safety requirements of EU Directive 8

5、9/686/EEC Personal Protective Equipment 10Bibliography 11List of figuresFigure A.1 HD agent droplet placement for SCBA facepiece 7Figure A.2 HD agent droplet placement between facepiece and cylinder thread 8List of tablesTable 1 Maximum acceptable levels of permeation and penetration 2Table A.1 Air

6、supply characteristics for chemical agent permeation and penetration resistance test method 4Table A.2 Airflow characteristics for chemical agent permeation and penetration resistance test method 7Table B.1 Essential requirements for PPE Comparison between the PPE Directive, Annex II and BS 8468-1 1

7、0Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover.BS 8468-1:2006ii BSI 2006ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard was published by BSI. It was prepared by Technical Committee PH/4, Respiratory protection. A list

8、 of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Relationship with other publicationsBS 8468 will be issued in seven parts: Part 1: Positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus Specification; Part 2: Negative pressure air purifying devices with ful

9、l face mask Specification; Part 3: Escape hoods Specification; Part 4: Powered air-purifying respirators Specification; Part 5: Dual-mode apparatus Specification; Part 6: Positive-pressure compressed airline equipment Specification; Part 7: Closed-circuit breathing apparatus Specification.NOTE This

10、standard may be used in conjunction with BS 8467, which gives categorization, requirements and test methods for personal protective ensembles against CBRN agents.Information about this documentIncreased threat to civilians, emergency and support agencies from chemical, biological, radiological and n

11、uclear (CBRN) agents has led to a need for suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). The lack of coverage of combined CBRN protection in existing British Standards on PPE has recently been identified. This standard has been prepared to give requirements for such PPE.Presentational conventionsThe

12、 provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative elem

13、ent.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2006 1BS 8468-1:20061 ScopeThis Bri

14、tish Standard specifies requirements for positive pressure, self-contained, open-circuit breathing apparatus (SCBA) intended to be used during firefighting, rescue, evacuation, escape, hazard containment and decontamination, and similar activities by emergency first responders (fire, ambulance, poli

15、ce, and associated civilian agencies and workers) in areas containing and contaminated by chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents. NOTE SCBA conforming to this standard might be suitable for use in situations other than those involving the specific CBRN agents identified in the

16、standard.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS EN 132, Respirat

17、ory protective devices Definitions of terms and pictogramsBS EN 134, Respiratory protective devices Nomenclature of componentsBS EN 136:1998, Respiratory protective devices Full face masks Requirements, testing, markingBS EN 137, Specification for respiratory protective devices: self-contained open-

18、circuit compressed air breathing apparatusBS EN 13274-1, Respiratory protective devices Methods of test Part 1: Determination of inward leakage and total inward leakage3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this British Standard the terms and definitions defined in BS EN 132 and BS EN 134 and the

19、 following apply. 3.1 full face mask tight fitting facepiece covering mouth, nose, eyes and chin3.2 positive pressure, self-contained, open-circuit breathing apparatuspositive pressure SCBAself-contained breathing apparatus which is designed to maintain the pressure in the mask above ambient pressur

20、e and the exhaled air passes, without recirculation, from the facepiece via the exhalation valve to the ambient atmosphereBS 8468-1:20062 BSI 20064DescriptionPositive pressure, self-contained, open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus are designed and constructed to enable the wearer to breath

21、e air on demand from pressure vessel(s), carried by the wearer, via a pressure reducer and/or a lung governed demand valve connected to the facepiece. The exhaled air passes without re-circulation from the facepiece via the exhalation valve to the ambient atmosphere.5 Requirements5.1 GeneralSCBA for

22、 use against CBRN agents shall be positive pressure equipment conforming to BS EN 137, and conforming to the inward leakage specified in 5.2 of this standard, and conforming to the chemical agent penetration and permeation resistance specified in 5.3 of this standard.The facepiece shall conform to B

23、S EN 136:1998 class 3.5.2 Inward leakage The maximum inward leakage shall be 0.01% when tested as a complete system in accordance with BS EN 13274-1:2001 8.4c). NOTE This requirement is more stringent than the one given in BS EN 137. Detection systems should take account of the increased sensitivity

24、 required.Where the apparatus has been designed to be used at temperatures outside those specified in this standard, the manufacturer shall have tested and marked the product appropriately.5.3 Chemical agent permeation and penetrationSCBA shall be resistant to chemical agents up to the maximum level

25、s given in Table 1 when tested in accordance with Annex A.Table 1 Maximum acceptable levels of permeation and penetrationAgent Maximum acceptable peak excursionA)Maximum acceptable breakthrough (concentration integrated over time)B)mg/m3mgmin/m3Distilled sulfur mustard (HD) (vapour)simultaneous test

26、 with liquid HD0.60 6.0Distilled sulfur mustard (HD) (liquid)simultaneous test with HD vapour0.60 6.0Sarin (GB) (vapour) 0.087 2.1A)Three sequential test data points, with sample times of two minutes, at or above the maximum peak excursion level constitute a failure.B)The maximum acceptable breakthr

27、ough is calculated over the six-hour duration of the test. BSI 2006 3BS 8468-1:20066 Marking6.1 Marking shall be in accordance with BS EN 136:1998 and BS EN 1376.2 In addition, each SCBA and facepiece conforming to this standard shall be permanently marked with the designation and year of this stand

28、ard, i.e. BS 8468-1:2006.6.3 Sub-assemblies and components with considerable bearing on CBRN performance shall be marked so that they can be identified.7 Information supplied by the manufacturer7.1 The information supplied shall be in accordance with BS EN 136:1998 and BS EN 137.7.2 The information

29、shall describe precisely and comprehensibly which permissible combinations of components are to be used.7.3 The information shall describe suitable procedures for decontamination.BS 8468-1:20064 BSI 2006Annex A (normative) Test method for chemical agent permeation and penetration resistance against

30、distilled sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB)NOTE This method is based on a method developed and described in NIOSH Procedure No. RCT-CBRN-STP-0002 1.A.1 PrincipleThree SCBAs, including all components and accessories, are tested on an upper-torso manikin connected to a breathing machine, in an atmosp

31、here containing either GB vapour or, in a separate test, HD vapour with liquid droplets of HD applied to the surface of the SCBA. The peak excursion levels and breakthrough levels are measured for these agents.A.2 MaterialsA.2.1 HD vapour A.2.2 HD liquid A.2.3 GB vapourA.2.4 High-pressure compressed

32、 air, conforming to BS EN 12021, or CGA Grade D (see Table A.1), or Grade E liquified air.Table A.1 Air supply characteristics for chemical agent permeation and penetration resistance test methodA.3 ApparatusA.3.1 SMARTMAN1)(or equivalent), simulant agent resistant test manikin, tested, with helium,

33、 monthly and when new, for leaks.Cylinder capacity 2 400 l (minimum)Temperature (25 5) COxygen content (19.5 to 23.5)%CO by volume 0.001% (10 ppm) CO2by volume 0.1% (1 000 ppm)Condensed hydrocarbons by weight 5 mg/m3Odour No odour detectable by olfactory sensesDew point 40 C at 101 kPa (one atmosphe

34、re)1)SMARTMAN is the trade name of a product supplied by ILC Dover, Frederica, Delaware, USA. This information is given for the convenience of users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by BSI of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to th

35、e same results. BSI 2006 5BS 8468-1:2006A.3.2 Two exposure chambers, both constructed of clear, chemical resistant sheets (e.g. Plexiglas or Lexan), forming an approximate 0.60-m-sided cube with: a floor capable of supporting the SMARTMAN (approximately 40 kg); a removable front panel; four legs lon

36、g enough to allow access for tubing and to the SMARTMAN face-adjustment handle; an M12A1 military air purifying collective filter (or equivalent) installed in the top; ports in the side to accommodate tubing for the challenge vapour and clean purge air; an electric fan, inside, near the top front, t

37、o achieve a well-mixed challenge vapour. One chamber is “clean” and only used to check for fit and leaks, the other is for agent exposure. A.3.3 Leak detector, capable of detecting mineral oil aerosol particles at a concentration of 0.10 mg/m3.A.3.4 Continuous air monitoring system; a gas chromatogr

38、aph equipped with a hydrogen flame emission detector and a preconcentrator tube (a small tube containing an adsorbent material to scrub out agent vapour from air drawn through it), coupled, where relevant to either:A.3.4.1 Infrared absorption based detector, capable of detecting GB at the levels req

39、uired.A.3.4.2 Gas chromatograph, with a flame ionization detector (FID), capable of detecting HD at the levels required.A.3.5 Syringe pump; a multirange, variable rate infusion pump, capable of injecting liquid agent into an air stream at a controlled rate, to create a challenge vapour at a specifie

40、d concentration.A.3.6 Automated airflow-temperature-humidity control system, supplied with laboratory air and distilled water, and capable of supplying air at rates of (50 to 200) l/min 2%, relative humidity of (20 to 80)% 3%, and temperatures of (20 to 30) C 3%.A.3.7 Mixing chamber, made of PVC pip

41、e, with: caps on both ends and three baffles fixed inside to ensure mixing of agent vapour and air; and a pressure gauge mounted on the chamber to indicate internal pressure.A.3.8 Breathing simulator; a double pump, operated by a single, variable speed motor through a Scotch yoke (slotted link) to p

42、roduce a sinusoidal breathing pattern, adjustable up to a tidal volume (volume per breath) of 1.5 l.A.3.9 Mass flow controllers, capable of controlling the flow of samples in the continuous air monitoring system and the flow of air to flush out the exposure chamber, with an accuracy of 2%.A.3.10 Com

43、pressed air system; air compressor and cascade system, capable of maintaining a pressure in the range 3.45 MPa to 31.0 MPa and of cycling between these values.BS 8468-1:20066 BSI 2006A.4 PreparationA.4.1 Run a background characterization; connect the continuous air monitoring system (A.3.4) to a nas

44、al sampling port of the SMARTMAN (A.3.1) in the agent exposure chamber (A.3.2) and monitor for a period of 60 mins. If the measured background level is lower than the lowest point on the continuous air monitoring system calibration curve, continue with the test. If the measured background level is h

45、igher than the lowest point on the continuous air monitoring system calibration curve, terminate the test.A.4.2 Assemble the SCBA following the manufacturers instruction, with the exception of the air cylinder, and connect the compressed air system (A.3.10). Ensure that the air inlet gauge reads the

46、 rated service pressure for the SCBA 340 kPa.A.4.3 Take a digital photograph of the assembled unit.A.4.4 Mount the unit on the SMARTMAN (A.3.1) in the “clean” exposure chamber (A.3.2), following the manufacturers instructions.A.4.5 Turn on the breathing simulator (A.3.8). Ensure that the SCBA is in

47、pressure-demand mode.A.4.6 Connect the leak detector (A.3.3) to a port into the exposure chamber (A.3.2). Close the exposure chamber. Fill the exposure chamber with mineral oil aerosol particles to a concentration of 100 mg/m3(measured using the leak detector). Connect the leak detector to a sample

48、line from the SMARTMAN (A.3.1). If, within five minutes, a level of penetration less than 0.001% (0.10 mg/m3) is detected, assume there is no leak in the facepiece. If there is evidence of a leak, attempt to find and eliminate it. If the leak cannot be eliminated, terminate the test.A.5 ProcedureA.5

49、.1 Remove the SCBA from the “clean” chamber and install on the SMARTMAN in the agent exposure chamber (A.3.2), following the manufacturers instructions.A.5.2 Turn on the breathing simulator (A.3.8). Ensure that the SCBA is in pressure-demand mode.A.5.3 Connect the continuous air monitoring system (A.3.4) to a nasal sampling port of the SMARTMAN (A.3.1) and begin monitoring. If the equipment concentration upper limit (15 ng/200 ml for GB and 40 ng/500 ml for HD) is reached at any