ASTM F3021-2016 Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments《由带有功能限制和障碍的人员专门使用健身机器通用设计的.pdf

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1、Designation: F3021 16Standard Specification forUniversal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use byPersons with Functional Limitations and Impairments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufactur

3、ing practices for fitnessequipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. Through thesespecifications, this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility ofinjury when these products are used in accordance with the operational instr

4、uctions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that the standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition,

5、 users withphysical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to usingthis equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using theequipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This

6、specification2established additional requirementsnot set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the designof commercial fitness equipment to increase access and userindependence by people with functional limitations or impair-ments.1.2 The intent of this specification is to assure that thefitnes

7、s product being designed for inclusive use by individualswith and without functional limitations or impairments remainsfunctional and safe when the equipment is operated accordingto the manufacturers operational instructions.1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify productsfor indoor us

8、e in a commercial environment by individuals age13 and above.1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not beautomatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitationfitness purposes. Products intended for medical use shouldcomply with any applicable international or national standar

9、ds.1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is theintent of this specification to specify products for use byindividuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (includingscooters) (A1.4.5).1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs ofevery possible user and recognizes that acce

10、ss will not bepossible for all individuals or all types of assistive technolo-gies.1.7 Designers shall use this specification in conjunctionwith other ASTM fitness equipment standards and its accom-panying test method.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given

11、in parentheses are for informationonly.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l

12、imitations prior to use.NOTE 1Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces ofequipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equip-ment are currently under development.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfac

13、es, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3021 15. DOI:10.1520/F3021-16.2This work was funded, in part, by the Re

14、habilitation Engineering ResearchCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living,and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Docume

15、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2115 Specification for Motorized TreadmillsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design ofFitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons

16、withFunctional Limitations and Impairments2.2 ADAAG:4Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines(ADAAG)2.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 845 Cellular plastics and rubbers - Determination ofapparent densityISO 2439 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determi-nation of hardness (indentation tech

17、nique)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 access, vgetting at or on fitness equipment or atfitness equipment controls or adjustments.3.1.2 assistive technologies, nadaptive or rehabilitativedevices, or both, for people with disabilities that promotegreater independ

18、ence by enabling people to perform tasks thatthey were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great diffi-culty accomplishing.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAssistive technologies include, but arenot limited to, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches,prosthetics, alternative communication devices, cell phones,etc.

19、3.1.3 audible feedback or instruction, naudio voice/speech output.3.1.4 color value contrast, nthe difference in luminancebetween two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or succes-sively.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn this standard, significant color valuecontrast is defined as 70 % or more, which is the cur

20、rent bestpractice.3.1.4.2 DiscussionIn this standard, contrast is measuredby measuring the luminance (L) of color, as opposed to colorhue or saturation.3.1.5 control panel/console, nequipment/user interfacedevice for controlling the operation of, or displaying informa-tion about the operational stat

21、e of the equipment.3.1.6 core branding and logo artwork/graphics,nequipment supplier logo, artwork, or graphics, or combina-tions thereof, that promote and market their brand.3.1.6.1 DiscussionCore branding is not to be used withinthe body of instructional text.3.1.7 free weight style exercise bench

22、, nan adjustable orfixed seat device that is intended to provide stability duringexercise with free weights, generally consisting of a supported,padded area to sit, lean, or recline.3.1.8 gripping surface, nthe area of the hand grips or handgrip bars/rails intended to be grasped by the hands for bal

23、anceor stability during access, egress, or exercise, or combinationsthereof.3.1.9 hand grips, fixed, nnon-movable piece designed tobe grasped by the hand(s) for support during access, egress, orexercise, or combinations thereof.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis includes both applied and integralhand grips as d

24、efined in Specification F2276.3.1.10 hand grips, movablemovable piece designed to begrasped by the hand(s) for support and use during exercise.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis includes both applied and inte-gral hand grips as defined in Specification F2276.3.1.11 iconography, ngraphic or pictorial symbols us

25、ed onconsoles or other parts of the equipment to display information.3.1.12 impairment, nany deficit in psychological,physiological, or anatomical structure or function that has anadverse effect on a persons ability to carry out day to dayactivities, including health and leisure activities.3.1.12.1

26、DiscussionAn impairment is not a disability if itdoes not interfere with task performance.3.1.13 inclusive, adjincluding people with and withoutdisabilities or impairments, or both.3.1.14 incremental weights, nadditional fractionalweights that can be applied in between the main weight plateselection

27、s.3.1.15 instructions for use, nuser facing instructions thatare affixed to the equipment relating to the use of a piece ofequipment, not including core branding or logo artwork,manufacturers labels, model number labels, or standards orcertification marks, or owners/training manual(s).3.1.15.1 Discu

28、ssionFor example: Placard, decal panel, orother means.3.1.16 labels, ninformation directed at the user to supportthe use of a specific element of a piece of equipment, notincluding core branding or logo artwork, manufacturers labels,model number labels or standards, or certification marks.3.1.17 lum

29、inance (L), nvalue or lightness on a scaleranging from black to white of light reflected off a surfacemeasured in candela per meter squared (cd/m2).3.1.18 main controls, nquick start, start, stop, enter, clear,numeric digits 0 to 9, increase resistance/level, decreaseresistance/level, increase speed

30、, decrease speed, increasegradient/incline, decrease gradient/incline, audio on/off, andany other functions, for example, emergency or safety stops,considered essential for the use of the equipment.3.1.18.1 DiscussionSee Appendix X1 for suggested uni-versal design symbols for main control functions.

31、3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the USAccess Board, www.access-board.gov, or

32、contact the USAccess Board Customer Service at taaccess-board.gov.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.F3021 1623.1.19 mobility aids, nany device used to assist inbalance, transfer, or

33、locomotion.3.1.20 movable seat, na seat which can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire seatstructure remains attached to the main structure of the equip-ment.3.1.21 postural supports, nintegral element to the equip-ment which assists in holding the user in position during

34、exercise.3.1.22 quick start, none push mechanism that starts theequipment in manual mode at the minimal speed or resistancethat is specified in the standard for the specific piece ofequipment.3.1.23 removable seat, na seat that can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire sea

35、tstructure can be removed or separated from the remainingstructure of the equipment.3.1.24 sans serif, nwithout any short lines stemming fromor at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of aletter.3.1.24.1 DiscussionFor example: Times New Roman is aserif font where as Arial, Helvetica,

36、and Calibri are sans seriffonts.3.1.25 seated cardio equipment, nrecumbent cardio fit-ness equipment performed from the seated position, such asrecumbent ellipticals, recumbent steppers, recumbent cycles,and total (upper and lower extremities) body and upper bodyergometers.3.1.25.1 DiscussionAn upri

37、ght cycle is not seated recum-bent cardio equipment.3.1.26 skids, na mechanism for moving equipment bysliding across the floor without wheels.3.1.27 swivel seat, na seat that rotates horizontally abouta vertical axis as if on a pivot.3.1.28 tactile, adjof, or relating to, or proceeding from,the sens

38、e of touch.3.1.29 transfer, vthe action of getting onto (access) or offof (egress) a piece of fitness equipment, particularly from awheelchair or other mobility aid.3.1.30 transfer surface, narea of the static or movingsurface, or both, that is clear of any obstruction that wouldimpede normal foot p

39、lacements or motion, or both, andtherefore is accessible for normal use.3.1.31 wheelchair, ndevice to provide wheeled mobilitywith seating support system for a person with mobilityimpairment, including manual wheelchairs which are poweredby the user and electrically powered wheelchairs which arepowe

40、red by a motor.3.1.31.1 DiscussionA walking aid with wheels is not awheelchair.3.1.31.2 DiscussionA scooter is an electrically poweredwheelchair.4. Color Value Contrast4.1 Color Value Contrast Criteria Background:4.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, significant colorvalue contrast is defined to b

41、e a value greater than or equal to70 %.4.1.2 The following applies to these sections within thedocument:4.1.2.1 Integral surfaces and separate steps/frame (see5.1.1.7).4.1.2.2 Element of the equipment where the user is requiredto step over/adjacent surface (see 5.1.1.21).4.1.2.3 Seats/primary adjace

42、nt surface (see 5.1.2.12).4.1.2.4 Adjustment mechanisms/adjacent surface (see5.1.3.8).4.1.2.5 Markings/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.12).4.1.2.6 Intended gripping surfaces of all hand grips/adjacentsurface (see 5.1.4.4).4.1.2.7 Test, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main instruction pane

43、l/adjacent surface (see 5.1.6.7).4.1.2.8 Inclusive fitness symbol/adjacent surface (see5.1.6.8).4.1.2.9 Text, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main control buttons/adjacent surface (see 5.2.4.3).4.1.2.10 Numeric readouts relating to the main controls/adjacent surface (see 5.2.6.2).4.1.

44、2.11 Audio headphone jack (socket) symbol/adjacentsurface (see 5.2.7.8).4.1.2.12 Information button symbol/adjacent surface (see5.2.7.14).4.1.3 The US Access Boards Americans with DisabilitiesAct Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) for signage specifiesthat signage is “more legible for persons with low

45、 vision whencharacters contrast with their background by at least 70 per-cent” (A1.4.1). The calculation of contrast is determined by:Color Value Contrast 5 L1 2 L2!L1# 3100 (1)whereL1 = luminance (L) of the lighter areaL2 = luminance (L) of the darker areaNOTE 2It is a best practice to choose color

46、 pairs that have a colorvalue contrast of greater than 80 % due to the approximately 10-pointreproducibility limit for color pairings close to 70 % color value contrastfound in the ASTM interlaboratory study. See Test Method F3022 formore information on the test method and interlaboratory study resu

47、lts.4.2 Color Definitions:4.2.1 There are three basic properties of color: Hue (thecolor), Saturation (or intensity), and Lightness (or value). SeeFig. 1.4.2.1.1 Hue refers to what is commonly called color, forexample, red, green, blue-green, orange, etc.4.2.1.2 Saturation refers to the richness of

48、a hue as com-pared to a gray of the same lightness or value; in some colornotation systems, saturation is also known as chroma.4.2.1.3 Lightness (or Value), of a light source or the light-ness of an opaque object is measured on a scale ranging fromdim to bright for a light source or from black to wh

49、ite for anopaque object (or from black to colorless for a transparentobject). In some systems, lightness is called value.4.2.2 Color value contrast in this standard is defined as thelight to dark (or value) contrast since this is the characteristicF3021 163that can be seen by most of the population, including peoplethat are completely color blind.4.2.2.1 LuminanceThe measurement of reflected light iscalled luminance. Luminance is “the amount of visible lightleaving a point on a surface in a given direction.due toreflectio