ASTM F2049-2008a Standard Guide for Fences Barriers for Public Commercial and Multi-Family Residential Use Outdoor Play Areas.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2049 08aStandard Guide forFences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-FamilyResidential Use Outdoor Play Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides the recommended minimum re-quirements for denoting various types of fences/ba

3、rriers for theprotection of childrens outdoor play spaces in public, com-mercial, and multi-family residential use locations. This guideexcludes individual single family residential use play equip-ment locations. Interior fences located in a play area that has aperimeter fence established shall only

4、 have to comply with thelatch height requirement indicated in 7.6.2.1.2 This guide provides for the safety of occupants in playareas or zones as it pertains to vehicular intrusion as well asother participant intrusion, and for children containment orentry/exit. This guide has the intent to also keep

5、 children insidea predetermined area in an effort to enhance supervision; tokeep children from running out of the area into water and otherhazards; to minimize the likelihood of facial lacerations on lowgate and fence hardware; to minimize the likelihood ofabduction; and to restrict access to railro

6、ads, highways, roads,and other such hazards.1.3 This guide does not choose the product components forthe fence system, the choice of which should be made by theoperators of the play space and their specification writers ordrafters based upon their determination of the merits of theproducts that coul

7、d be used.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This guide does not purport to address the aspect ofsafety within a play area or zone. It is the responsibility of theuser of this guide to establish appr

8、opriate safety practices asrelated to the play area and determine the applicability ofregulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-nized) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA 392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel

9、 Chain-LinkFence FabricA 491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF 567 Practice for Installation of Chain-Link FenceF 626 Specification for Fence FittingsF 668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) andOther Organic Polym

10、er-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricF 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF 1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF 1183 Specification forAluminumAlloy Chain Link FenceFab

11、ricF 1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 1664 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) andOther Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel TensionWire Used with Chain-Link Fence2.2 CPSC Document:3Model Pool Barriers Publication2.3 BOCA Docu

12、ment:4BOCA National Building Code/1993 12th Edition2.4 Research Reports:5National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report#542.5 Building Codes:Standard Building Code, 1994 Edition, 2nd printingUniform Building Code, Vol. II, Section 311.2.3.5: VehicleBarrier1This guide is under the jurisdiction

13、of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F 2049 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A

14、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814,

15、http:/www.cpsc.gov.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.5Colcote, L. R., and Mitchie, J. D., “Location, Selection, and Maintenance ofHighway Guardrails and Median Barriers,” National Cooperative Highway Re

16、-search Program Report #54, S. W. Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F 552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of T

17、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, ntype of containment that surrounds andobstructs primarily people passage to or from the play area.3.2.2 barrier, ntype of containment or deflector systemthat surrounds and obstructs primarily vehicle passage into aplay area, such as bollards and posts. Ba

18、rriers must pass impacttests for the highest speed limit allowed and posted on thestreet, road, or parking lot adjacent to the outdoor play area.3.2.3 continuous barrier, ntype of traffic barrier designedto prevent vehicular intrusion into a play area and that alsoimpedes pedestrian passage to and f

19、rom the play space.3.2.4 curb, npermanent, continuous structure made ofconcrete, asphalt, or other structural material presentinga6to8 in. (15.24 to 20-32 cm) elevation change at the curbline.3.2.5 curbline, npavement elevation change defining theedge of a fire lane, vehicular travel lane, or contig

20、uous orindividual parking spaces with depressions meeting the re-quirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.3.2.6 debris fence, nshield used to prevent flying post-crash or other debris from entering a play zone.3.2.7 discrete barrier, nbarrier designed to prevent ve-hicular intrusion that al

21、lows for pedestrian passage to and fromthe play space.3.2.8 guardrail, nan example of a continuous barrier.3.2.9 play zone or area, nenvironment for public, multi-family residential, or commercial play use containing recre-ation equipment intended for activities by children where entryor egress acce

22、ss is intended.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThis may be through its adjacent apart-ment or home decorative lattice work, public or commercialbuilding door, or via a controlled gate. Examples include, butare not limited to, the following: fast food establishments,day-care centers, shopping malls, apartments, pa

23、rks, andschools.3.2.10 proximity, nwithin 5 ft (1 or 1.524 m) as measuredby the least distance between the edge of the driving lane toperimeter of the play zone and its fence/barrier.3.2.11 structural bollards, nsteel pipe structure filled withconcrete installed in the ground with a concrete footing

24、.3.2.11.1 DiscussionAstructural bollard is an example of abarrier and discrete barrier.3.2.12 traffc, nmovement of vehicles for purpose ofdriving-through or parking motions.3.2.13 vulnerable play zone, nplay zone in the proximityof vehicular traffic, railroad tracks, bodies of water, streets,parking

25、 lots, roads, electrical and other utility features, andother similar life-threatening or debilitating features.4. Site Covered4.1 A play zone shall be protected in accordance with thisguide in locations that are vulnerable to vehicular traffic, fromactivity and game conflicting uses, and for the co

26、ntrol ofentering or exiting the play zone or area. Protection fromvehicular intrusion shall be placed as specified in Sections 6and 7. Barriers shall protect the perimeters of the play area thatare adjacent to the direction of traffic, and only apply to thoseperimeters that are parallel and perpendi

27、cular to the directionof traffic. Playground enclosures, such as fences, walls, orbuildings, shall be on all sides of the play zone.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to public,multi-family, residential, and co

28、mmercial outdoor play areas orzones and their environments.5.2 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 This guide provides certain recommendations to assistthose who intend to provide protection against inj

29、uries orfatalities associated with any possible vehicle passage into, orpedestrian passage to or from, a play environment by children.This would include, but not be limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format

30、will varydepending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Methods of Protection6.1 Discrete and Continuous BarriersThese methods ofprotection shall be determined by the vulnerable play area orplay zone requirement for protection for vehicle intrusion andadjacent traffic circumstances. If a fe

31、nce itself complies withthe impact tests described in 7.1, then a barrier is not required.6.1.1 Continuous BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has noexterior exit gate on the traffic side of the play zone, then theplay area shall be protected with a continuous barrier on thetraffic side as specified in

32、 the following sections. If pedestrianaccess through this continuous barrier is necessary, it shallmeet applicable sections. Continuous barrier methods include,but are not limited to, guardrails, concrete or brick reinforcedwalls, and concrete Jersey barriers.6.1.2 Discrete BarrierIf a vulnerable pl

33、ay area has an exitgate on the traffic side of the play zone, then pedestrian accessthrough a barrier is necessary and a discrete barrier should beprovided on the traffic side as specified in the followingsections. Discrete barrier methods include, but are not limitedto, the following: structural bo

34、llards, trees, posts, and othervertical structures.6.1.3 FencesAll vulnerable play areas shall have fenceswith gates as described in 7.6. This method of protection mayinclude chain link and other materials of a minimum height of4 ft (1.22 m) above grade.6.1.4 BuildingWhere a building may abut or is

35、adjacent toa play area or play zone, it may be used as part of thecontainment. If the building wall contains a door for ingressand egress into the play area, it shall comply with subsequentsections. If the building wall contains windows for viewing, itshall contain glazing that is unbreakable and sh

36、atter-proof.6.2 BuildingsThe fence shall completely surround theplay zone or area environment except where a building ordwelling or portion thereof is utilized as part of the playenvironment enclosure. If the exterior wall or walls of thatportion of the building contains doors, or other openings, it

37、shall comply with the following provisions.F 2049 08a26.2.1 DoorsDoors in the wall of a building or dwellingthat allow direct access through the wall to the play environ-ment shall be provided with the following:6.2.1.1 An alarm capable of detecting unauthorized entry orexit through the gate or open

38、ing into or from the playenvironment area when not in use and which, when activated,emits a sound of sufficient volume to be heard in the buildingor dwelling as a means of outdoor area security when deemednecessary. The audible warning shall commence not more than7 s after the door, or its screen, i

39、f present, or both are openedand shall sound continuously for a minimum of 30 s. The alarmshall have a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB at 10 ft(3.4 m) and the sounds of the alarm shall be distinctive fromother sounds such as auto alarms, smoke alarms, telephones,and door bells. The alarm shal

40、l automatically reset after 2 minunder all conditions.7. Requirements7.1 Continuous Barrier:7.1.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier used shallbe able to withstand a one-time 10,000 lb (4535.9 kg)concentrated, point-load located 2 ft (0.61 m) above groundwith permanent deformation less than 0

41、.1 in. (2.54 mm) after asingle load when tested in accordance with the U.S. Depart-ment of Transportation specifications.7.1.2 MaintenanceIf any permanent deformation or dam-age is done to a continuous barrier, the play area facility shallbe closed until a new barrier has been installed.7.1.3 Inspec

42、tionA visual check shall be done by theowner or operator on a regular basis to note damage. A signshould be posted with the name and owner to be notified ifdamage occurs.7.1.4 DistanceMinimum unobstructed distance betweenthe continuous barrier and the play area perimeter fenceprotection shall be no

43、less than 2 ft (0.61 m).7.1.5 The continuous barrier shall be placed edge to edgeunless passage through is required, which shall be no morethan 48 in.7.2 Discrete Barriers:7.2.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier systemused shall meet the requirements of 7.1.1.7.2.2 Discrete barriers shall be

44、 placed a maximum of 42 in.(1.07 m) apart from each other (edge to edge).7.2.3 MaintenanceMaintenance shall comply with 7.1.2.7.2.4 DistanceThe distance from discrete barrier to fenceshall be in accordance with 7.1.4.7.2.5 InspectionShall comply with 7.1.3.7.3 Curbs:7.3.1 Curbs, in order to minimize

45、 casual contact with cars,shall be placed at a minimum distance between the travel laneand the play area zone as follows:7.3.1.1 2 ft, 6 in. where there is no parking.7.3.1.2 4 ft for angled parking.7.3.1.3 5 ft where there is perpendicular parking.7.4 Fences:7.4.1 Fence HeightThe top of the fence s

46、hall be aminimum of 4 ft (1.22 m) above grade measured on the side ofthe fence that faces away from the play environment.7.4.2 VisibilityThe fence shall be designed and con-structed so that it allows for a visibility to conform to the levelof surveillance necessary from a designated supervising area

47、outside or inside the play environment area to inside the playenvironment.7.4.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no morethan 4 in. measured on both sides of the fence around the playenvironment and of a minimal distance to prevent toys

48、fromrolling under.7.4.4 Solid barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints when used as both barriers and fences.Such indentations shall not be deeper than 0.375 in.

49、(9.5 mm).7.5 Fence Types:7.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical DesignWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1.143 mm), the horizontal members shall belocated on the side opposite the play environment to preventegress over it and the spacing between the vertical membersshall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm). If the distance between thetops of the horizontal members is 45 in. (1.143 mm) or more,the spacing between the vertical members shall not exceed