ASTM E956-1983(2015) 3012 Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)《城市混杂的有色金属 (MNM) 的标准分类》.pdf

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1、Designation: E956 83 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Classification forMunicipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrousmetals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered frommunicipal wast

3、e destined for disposal.1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-divided according to processing history, nonferrous metalcontent, size, and moisture content.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion

4、s to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and

5、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified P

6、recision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE276 Test Method for Particle Size or ScreenAnalysis at No.4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores andRelated MaterialsE753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS)(Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)33. Terminology3.1 D

7、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)loose combus-tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,wood, food wastes, and yard or lawn wastes, etc., which are notpermanently atta

8、ched to noncombustible objects. The LCOsare defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. StandardSieve) as stated in Specification E11. A determination of LCOsis best done by sampling the material and handpicking,handcleaning, and visually identifying the materials describedpreviously.3.1.2 mix

9、ed nonferrous metal contentmixed nonferrousmetals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Furthermethods of separation and identification may be agreed uponbetween purchaser and seller and can include picking ordense-media separation.3

10、.1.3 moisture percentliquid content, as determined byweight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weightat 110 6 5C.3.1.4 total combustiblesmaterials that include paints,lacquers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the originalnonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (

11、paper,plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-rous product after it is manufactured.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing ofmixed nonferrous metals.4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classificationare suitable for use by

12、one or more of the following industries:4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and4.2.5 Copper refiners.5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)5.1 This classification covers material, either processed torecover

13、 aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallya

14、pproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E956-83(2010). DOI:10.1520/E0956-83R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu

15、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 This classification consists of four types of MNM, basedon no

16、nferrous metal content. The four types of MNM arefurther subdivided into three grades, based on size. The threegrades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, basedon moisture content.6. Ordering Information6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using thecriteria in Table 1. This is an

17、 unusual material, and the table isincluded for information purposes rather than to establishlimits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid thepurchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some ofthe more common unit operations used to recover MNMinclude the following:6.1.1 Wet Pro

18、cessingwater elutriators, dense media, andmineral jig.6.1.2 Dry Processingair classifier, air knife, gravity orconcentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,electrostatic separator, and handpicking.6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occurdue to the heterogeneous natur

19、e of the solid waste stream. Thecriteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser andthe seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of aparticular classification if the value for each componentspecified, as obtained by the te

20、st method agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits forthat grade.7. Physical Requirements7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirementsinclude the following:7.1.1 Bulk DensityThe density for MNM is not specifiedand shall be agreed upon between the pu

21、rchaser and the seller.7.1.2 FinenessAcceptability of contained fines shall bedetermined by the purchaser and seller.7.1.3 Loose CombustiblesAs agreed upon between pur-chaser and seller.7.1.4 MagneticsThe presence of free magnetic material isnot specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-

22、chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the proceduresdescribed in Annex A1 or Annex A2. Either procedure may beused, as determined by agreement between the purchaser andthe seller.8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.8.

23、1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.9. Test Methods9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, andmetal recovery in accordance with the procedures described inAnnex A3.10. Rejection and Rehearing10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis classification ma

24、y be rejected. Rejection should be re-ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may makeclaim for a rehearing.11. Shipping11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,trailers, or other containers as agreed upon bet

25、ween thepurchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall besufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becomingwet during shipment.ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROMMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSISTABL

26、E 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals(MNM)AClassificationType IOver 90 %MNMType II50 to 90 %MNMType III30 to 50 %MNMType IVLess Than30 % MNMGrades 1over 6 in. (150mm)22to6in.(50to150mm) incl3under 2 in. (50mm)Class Ahigh (5 % moistureand over)Blow (under 5 %moisture)AIt is importan

27、t for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had beenprocessed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recoveraluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.E956 83 (2015)2A1.1. ScopeA1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collectionof a sample of MNM scrap

28、 recovered from municipal refuse,and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal foranalysis.A1.2. Summary of Test MethodA1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, istaken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full

29、cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by brieflytaking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while itis moving.A1.2.2 The quantity of gross sample may be further reducedby mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.A1.3. General PrecautionsA1.3.1 In solids sampling, ea

30、ch step must be designed toeliminate accidental classification by size or gravity. Differentsizes usually have different analyses.A1.3.2 The increments obtained during the sampling periodshall be protected from changes in composition due to expo-sure to the weather.A1.3.3 Plan the sampling arrangeme

31、nt to avoid contamina-tion of the increments with foreign material.A1.3.4 A satisfactory sampling arrangement is one thattakes an unbiased sample at the desired degree of precision ofthe constituent for which the sample is to be analyzed. Theweight or volume of the collected sample is compared with

32、thatof the total lot to ensure a constant sampling ratio.A1.3.5 It is preferable that the MNM scrap be weighed andsampled at about the same time. If there is a long lapse in timebetween these two events, both the purchaser and seller shouldgive consideration to changes in moisture during this interv

33、aland the consequent shift in relationship of moisture to the truecontent at the instant when ownership of the nonferrous metalscrap transfers from one to the other.A1.3.6 Samples and subsamples shall be collected in such amanner that there is no unmeasured loss of moisture ofsignificant amount. The

34、 samples shall be weighed before andafter drying or other operations to measure all significantweight loss. The material balances shall be adjusted accord-ingly.A1.4 Selection of Gross Sample SizeA1.4.1 Choose the gross sample size by methods given inPractice E122, whenever practicable. The chief di

35、fficulty forimplementing this practice can be that insufficient informationconcerning possible variation is available. This informationshould be gathered with practice. Due to the heterogeneity insize and type of material comprising municipal solid waste, thechoice of a large sample is desirable.A1.

36、4.2 Shredding is recommended for metals larger than 4to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm) for ease in sampling and handling.A1.5 Taking A Gross SampleA1.5.1 In order to obtain complete representation of mate-rials in a gross sample, it is desirable that the sample incre-ments be withdrawn from the full cross-se

37、ction of the stream.The best possible increment is either a full cross sectionremoved from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at thedischarge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitableinterval of time.A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated usingPractice E122. It is imperative f

38、or a given degree of precisionthat not less than the minimum size and number of sampleincrements be collected from a lot (see Table A1.1).A1.5.3 Number of Gross SamplesFor quantities up toapproximately 20 tons, it is recommended that one grosssample represent the lot. Take this sample in accordance

39、withthe requirements prescribed in Table A1.1.A1.5.4 Distribution of IncrementsIt is essential that theincrements be distributed throughout the lot to be sampled. Thetaking of increments shall be at regularly spaced intervals.A1.6 Sample PreparationA1.6.1 Cone and quarter the sample until approximat

40、ely 2ft3(0.06 m3) remains. Pile the material to be sampled into aconical heap and then spread out into circular cake. Divide thecake into quarters, take two of the diagonally opposite quartersas the sample, and reject the two remaining quarters. Collectthe two quarters taken as the sample and repeat

41、 the procedureof coning and quartering until the desired size is obtained.A1.6.2 Divide the sample into approximately equal parts.Take one half 1 ft3(0.03 m3) for use in the melt test (see AnnexA3.). Divide the sample by riffling until the analytical sampleis obtained. (Typical rifflers can be found

42、 in the apparatussection of Method D2013.)A1.6.3 Store the prepared analytical sample in a covered,labeled, corrosion-resistant metal can or plastic container untilneeded for chemical analysis.TABLE A1.1 Number and Weight of Increments for SamplingTop Size, in. (mm)58 (15) 2 (50) 6 (150) 12 (300)Min

43、imum number of increments 15 15 15 15Minimum weight of increments, lb(kg)2 (1) 6 (3) 18 (9) 36 (18)E956 83 (2015)3A2. SAMPLING AT POINT OF RECEIPTA2.1 Sampling During UnloadingA2.1.1 Sample SizeTake a representative quantity of ap-proximately 1 yd3(0.76 m3) from each car or truck of MNMscrap receive

44、d.A2.1.1.1 Car SampleTake two shovels (No. 2 size) ofMNM scrap from the top, middle, and bottom of openeddoorway area of car in two locations of doorway as shown inFig. A2.1 to obtain six samples. Take an additional 18 samplesas shown in Fig. A2.1. Place all material sampled into asuitable receptacl

45、e for the total sample from the car. Ad-equately identify the sample container. Weigh and record thesample from the car.A2.1.1.2 Truck SampleTake two shovels (No. 2 size) ofMNM scrap from upper, middle, and lower areas of materialstarting at the rear of the truck. Starting at the truck rear, takesam

46、ples every 8 ft (2.4 m) at locations one third the distancefrom the side of the truck. Place all material sampled into asuitable receptacle for the total sample of the truck.Adequatelyidentify the sample container. Weigh and record the samplefrom the truck.A2.1.2 Reduction of Sample SizeIn the event

47、 of materiallarger than 4 to 6 in., (100 to 150 mm) it is recommended thatit be shredded to facilitate further processing. Using rifflesampling equipment4or coning and quartering (or equivalentmethod), reduce the size of sample to approximately 1 ft3(0.03m3) by putting it through the riffle sampler

48、five times. Retainone half of the split sample on each pass through the rifflesampler until a fine sample of approximately 1 ft3(0.03 m3)isattained. Carefully bag and identify the sample for assay, andretain a duplicate sample. Retain the duplicate sample untilassay is completed and accepted. If the

49、 assay is not accepted,then the duplicate sample may be used for settling the claim.A2.1.3 Identity TicketIt is recommended that the follow-ing information be included on the ticket:A2.1.3.1 Supplier,A2.1.3.2 Car number or truck identification,A2.1.3.3 Net weight of car or truck,A2.1.3.4 Date unloaded and sampled, andA2.1.3.5 Initial sample weight.A2.2 Off-Specification ShipmentsA2.2.1 SamplingIf shipments are received as off-specification material or are suspected of being off-specification, sample the shipment in the doorway of the car ortruck using core-sampl