ASTM E535-2012 red 0000 Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards 《防火测试反应标准的编制标准规程》.pdf

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1、Designation:E53509 Designation: E535 12An American National StandardStandard Practice forPreparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-responsesta

3、ndards that comply with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).The policy on fire standards describes the types of ASTM fire standards and their required caveats.Committee E05 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards byproviding the information and assis

4、tance required by all committees for writing standards whichcontain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire.Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-responsecharacteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provid

5、es a means of measuring the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flameunder controlled test conditions.1. Scope1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards2, which shall be consulted in writing all ASTMstan

6、dards.1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standardsand the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the prepara

7、tion of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate

8、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE6

9、91 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method Practice for Conductingan Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE2536 Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire TestsE2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test

10、Results and Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E176.3.1.2 fire-test-response characteristic, na response characteristic of a material, product, or assembly, to

11、 a prescribed source1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminology and Editorial.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition

12、 approved in 2005 as E535 05a. DOI:10.1520/E0535-09.on Terminology and Services / Functions .Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E535 09. DOI:10.1520/E0535-12.2Available on request from ASTM Headquarters

13、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

14、1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior ed

15、itions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditi

16、ons; such response characteristics may include but are not limited to ease of ignition,flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fire resistance, and toxic potency of smoke.3.1.2.1 DiscussionA fire-test-response characteristic can be influenced by variable characteristics of the heat source, such a

17、sits intensity, or of the burning environment, such as ventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity or oxygen concentration.It is not an intrinsic property such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion, where the value is independentof test variables. A fire-test-respons

18、e characteristic may be described in one of several terms. Smoke generation, for example, maybe described as smoke opacity, change of opacity with time, or smoke weight. No quantitative correlation need exist betweenvalues of a fire-test-response characteristic for different materials, products, or

19、assemblies, as measured by different methods ortested under different sets of conditions for a given method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 measurand, nquantity subject to measurement.3.2.2 uncertainty of measurement, nparameter, associated with the result of a measurement,

20、that characterizes the dispersionof the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful

21、in one or more of the following areas, among others:product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire riskassessment, and regulatory purposes.4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users of fire-test-response standa

22、rds because it provides much of the generalrationale for the development and use of such standards.4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire riskassessment standards.4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for

23、the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses ofmaterials, products or assemblies.5. Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards5.1 The writer of fire-test-response standards shall be able to refer to Form and Style of ASTM Standards2, to obtain assistancein ensuring that the stand

24、ards being written will conform with the requirements of Section A and other appropriate sections, asspecified in this practice.5.1.1 Fire-test-response standards shall not use conditional language.5.2 Fire-test-response standards shall, as applicable, contain the sections described in 5.3-5.20 5.3-

25、5.21 of this practice.5.3 Title:5.3.1 The title of the test method shall specify the intended specific application, clearly and as concisely as is practicable.5.3.2 The title of the test method shall not contain the phrases “fire hazard” or “fire risk”.5.4 Scope:5.4.1 The scope shall clearly:5.4.1.1

26、 Identify the standard as a “fire-test-response standard,”5.4.1.2 State the purpose of the standard,5.4.1.3 Specify the known limitations of the standard,5.4.1.4 Specify the significance of the data that are generated (including relevance to human life and property, whereappropriate),5.4.1.5 Specify

27、 what the standard is and is not intended to accomplish,5.4.1.6 Identify the class of materials, products or assemblies to which it is to be applied,5.4.1.7 Identify the heat flux or other test input characteristics involved,5.4.1.8 Identify the fire-test-response characteristic(s) to be measured, a

28、nd5.4.1.9 Identify the system of units of measurement applied within the standard and to be used in referee decisions; parentheticalmeasures in a different system of units are permitted when identified to be for information only.5.4.2 The scope shall include the caveat for fire-test-response standar

29、ds required by the ASTM policy on fire standards, andcontained in F2.2 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards. This is referred to as the fire-test-response standards caveat. Noalterations are to be made to the caveat as follows:This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials,p

30、roducts, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, butdoes not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire con-ditions.5.4.3 The scope shall contain the standard safety hazards caveat

31、 specified in F2.1.1 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards.Noalterations are to be made to the caveat as follows:E535 122This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate

32、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.5.4.4 The scope of all fire test methods shall contain the following safety caveat:Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel andproperty shall be employed in conducting t

33、hese tests.5.4.5 The scope shall contain information with respect to any known limitations of the test method with respect to itsapplication, and inappropriate uses of the standard.5.4.6 It is appropriate to include reference to alternative, companion or related standards in the scope. The title and

34、 designationof such standards shall be included in the referenced documents section.5.5 Referenced Documents:5.5.1 The list of referenced documents shall include:5.5.1.1 All ASTM standards, proposals, and adjuncts that are cited in the text,5.5.1.2 E176, Terminology Relating to Fire Standards,5.5.1.

35、3 Alternate, companion, or related ASTM standards, mentioned in the scope.5.5.2 The list of referenced documents shall also include all standards and codes of other organizations which are useful to theuser of the standard and are cited in the text of the standard.5.6 Terminology:5.6.1 The standard

36、shall use precise and accurate terminology. Inappropriate, misleading or deprecated terms such as “slowburning” or “self extinguishing” shall not be used.5.6.2 Terminology E176 shall be used for selecting terminology as well as definitions for terms used in the standard.5.6.3 Where applicable, refer

37、ence shall be made to other existing ASTM terminology standards having specific application tothe subject of the test method.5.6.4 When applicable, reference shall be made to the appropriate international terminology standards, such as those by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO)

38、 or the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The title andnumerical designation of the ISO or IEC standard shall be included in a separate subsection of the section on referenced documents.5.6.4.1 In case of conflict between the international terminology standards and Terminology E176, t

39、he ASTM standard shallprevail.5.6.5 Part E of Form and Style for ASTM Standards shall be used as a source for additional guidance on terminology in ASTMstandards.5.6.6 The standard shall not describe or define terms that are inconsistent with those given in Terminology E176 or otherASTMterminology s

40、tandards, unless the difference is described in the terminology section, and is justified as being unique to the specifictest method. Terms that are specific (or applicable) only to the standard shall be described in the terminology section. Such termsshall be included in a sub-section entitled “Def

41、initions of Terms Specific to this Standard.” Any terms so described which appearin ASTM terminology standards shall include a notation explaining the difference in use or meaning.5.6.7 It is acceptable for definitions of terms critical to the use of the standard to be reproduced, in precisely the f

42、orm in whichthey appear in the corresponding terminology standard. In such cases, reference to the terminology standard shall be made in thesection on terminology and the standard shall be listed in the section on referenced documents.5.6.8 In the terminology section, reference sources shall be prov

43、ided for each keyword in the title of the standard, unless theterms are well known and widely used.5.7 Summary of Test MethodThis section shall contain a brief summary of the test method, which describes the heat source,the type of specimen, the exposure conditions, the types of measurements made, a

44、nd the type of results reported.5.8 Significance and Use:5.8.1 This section shall provide information with respect to the usefulness of the test method.5.8.1.1 It shall include information that indicates the appropriate uses of the test method, such as product development, qualitycontrol, screening,

45、 product comparisons, input for a fire model or a fire hazard assessment, basis for regulation.5.8.1.2 This section shall include information with respect to the need for the standard. Possible explanations of need are: (1)that no other test method exists, (2) that this test method supersedes older

46、test methods, or (3) that this test method offers usefulor improved alternatives.5.8.2 Known potential inappropriate uses shall be stated along with reasons why use of the test method is inappropriate in suchcases. Examples of inappropriateness include: (1) a test method provides results that are to

47、o imprecise for use in a particularapplication, (2) the inter-laboratory evaluation test data indicates that the use of the test method for regulatory purposes isinappropriate because of large variability of test results among laboratories, (3) the data generated by using the test method do notadequ

48、ately describe one particular fire-test-response characteristic for use in regulation, or (4) some materials, products orassemblies perform differently in the test method from the way in which they are expected to perform in an actual application.5.8.3 The significance and use section shall include

49、all known limitations of the test method.5.8.4 The significance and use section shall include a statement addressing the effect of changing test conditions on the resultsE535 123and their subsequent use. An example statement follows:In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specificsets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substitutedor the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by orfrom this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response charac-teristics measured. Therefore, the results are vali