ASTM E2067-2012 Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests《完全氧燃烧热量测量火灾试验的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2067 08 E2067 12 An American National StandardStandard Practice forFull-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate, and use full scale oxygen consumption

3、calorimeters to helpminimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a number of ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized test methods,and for research purposes. This practice will facilitate coordination of generic requirements, whi

4、ch are not specific to the itemunder test.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtained from the test methods using this technique are those associated withheat release from the specimens tested, as a function of time. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are determined.1.4

5、This practice is intended to apply to the conduction of different types of tests, including both some in which the objectiveis to assess the comparative fire performance of products releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some in which the objectiveis to assess whether flashover will occur.1.5 Th

6、is practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test method forany material or product.1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, see IEEE/ASTM SI-10,. The units given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.7 T

7、his standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire con

8、ditions.NOTE 1This is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of the Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-response standards.In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitative measures.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequa

9、te safeguards for personnel and property shall beemployed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also Section 7.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsib

10、ilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical F

11、iber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD6113 Test Method for Usi

12、ng a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and i

13、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and CombustionProducts.Current edition approved March 1, 2008Dec. 15, 2012. Published April 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20032008as E2067 03.E2067 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2067-08.10.1520/E2067-

14、12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended o

15、nly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current ver

16、sionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE906 Test Method for Heat and Vis

17、ible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Compo

18、nents or CompositesUsing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate

19、Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wall Covering orCeiling Covering Composites Using a Cone CalorimeterE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsIEEE/ASTM SI-10, International System of Units (SI)

20、The Modernized Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire Safety-VocabularyISO 5660-1 Fire TestsReaction to FireRate of Heat Release from Building Products (Cone Calorimeter Method)ISO 9705 Fire Tests - Full-Scale Room Test for Surface Products2.3 California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Therma

21、l Insulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (January 1991), Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 265 Standard Metho

22、ds of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming Ignition SourceNFPA 267 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies E

23、xposed to Flaming IgnitionSourceNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior FinishNFPA 289 Standard Method of Fire Test for Individual Fuel Packages2.5 UL Standards:6UL 1685 Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation and Smoke Releas

24、e Test for Electrical and Optical Fiber CablesUL 1975 Standard Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitionsgiven in Terminol

25、ogy E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from the specimen, per unit of time. (E176)3.1.3 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion. (E176)3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced by glow, flame, detonation or explosion. The combustion may be sustained or transient.3.

26、1.4 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression of the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released. (E176)3.1.5 smoke, nthe airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion.(E176)3.1.6 smoke obscu

27、ration, nreduction of light transmission by smoke, as measured by light attenuation. (E176)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 continuous (as related to data acquisition), adjconducted at data collection intervals of 6 s or less.3.2.2 sample, nan amount of the material, product,

28、 or assembly, to be tested, which is representative of the item as a whole.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4 Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Th

29、ermal Insulation, State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs, 3485 Orange Grove Avenue, NorthHighlands, CA 956605595.5 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.6 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL),

30、333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.E2067 1223.2.3 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product, which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment.4. Significance and Use4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the measurements described here, is based on the ob

31、servation that, generally,the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7 Approximately 13.1 MJ ofheat are released per 1-kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while beingsubjected to a prescribed

32、external heating source.4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its own when the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent, whichrelease oxygen. Further analysis is required in such cases (see Appendix X2).4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen con

33、sumption, as determined by the oxygen concentrationand the flow rate in the combustion product stream, in a full scale environment.4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements include thespecimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generate

34、d, the specimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion and the yieldsof combustion products from the test specimen.4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in different types of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E1623, UL1975) and full scale (Test Method D5424, Test Method

35、D5537, Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, Test Method E1822, ISO9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardized room scale experimentsfollowing Guide E603, using this technique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, where oxygen concentration is

36、measured,either standing alone or positioned outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placed either under the hood or inside the room.This practice is intended to address issues associated with equipment requiring a large instrumented hood and not stand-alone testapparatuses with small test speci

37、mens.4.4.1 Small scale test methods using this technique, such as Test Methods D6113, E1354, E1474 and E1740, as well as ISO5660 internationally, are based on a stand-alone apparatus, wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment.4.4.2 Another small scale heat release test method, Test Met

38、hod E906, does not use the oxygen consumption technique.4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced to provide helpful guidance to test facilities. Substitution ofequivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.5. Test Room Layout5.1 Standard Rooms:5.1.1 Three standard ro

39、om configurations have been in common use for many years, often designated as the “ASTM”/“ISO”room (cited in Guide E603 and in ISO 9705), and the “California” room (used in CA TB 129 and CA TB 133, as well as, TestMethods E1537, E1590, and E1822), and the cable tray test room (used in Test Methods D

40、5424 and D5537, as well as, in UL1685).5.1.2 ASTM/ISO RoomThe test room shall have interior dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mm by 2.44 m 625 mm high (8 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 6 6 mm by 2.03 m6 6 mm (30 by 80 in.), located

41、as indicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary to make test measurements. Constructthe test room of wooden or metal studs, and line it with gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood(see Section 6) outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all t

42、he combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair supply to the test setup.NOTE 2Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wallboard with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable. If thewallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsum w

43、allboard is likely to generate a measurable amount of heat or smoke release athigh heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.2.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard on the portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by

44、1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) of the ceiling with the added wallboard, but do not place an additionallayer of wallboard under the test specimen. This ceiling surface is the most severely exposed to flames and heat and needs frequentreplacement. Replace any portion of the lining if cracks occur or severe burn d

45、amage is observed.5.1.2.2 Frequently, whenever there is a single test specimen, such as Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, or Test MethodE1822, the test specimen location is the corner of the room furthest away from the doorway. The test specimen also is usuallyplaced on a weighing platform. This

46、 test room is unsuitable for Test Method D5424 or Test Method D5537. The test methodindicates test specimen location.5.1.2.3 When testing surface linings (walls or ceilings), weighing of the test specimen during the test is usually not practical.Mass loss during testing, if desired, must be estimate

47、d from calculations.5.1.3 California RoomThe test room shall have dimensions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm 3.66 m 6 25 mm 2.44 m 6 25 mm high(10 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 6 6 mm 2.06 m 6 6 mm (387 The boldface numbers in parentheses refers to the li

48、st of references at the end of this standard.E2067 123by 81 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary to make test measurements. Construct the test roomof wooden or metal studs, and line it with gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicate wallboard. Position a ho

49、od (see Section6) outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to the air supply tothe test set-up.NOTE 3Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wallboard with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable. If thewallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsum wallboard likely is to generate a measurable amount of heat or smoke release athigh heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.3.1 Install an additional layer of fire