ASTM E140-2012b red 6875 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness Vickers Hardness Rockwell Hardness Superficial Hardness Knoop Hardness S.pdf

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1、Designation:E14012aE14012b Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Supercial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation E140; the number immedia

2、tely following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has b

3、een approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 Conversion Table 1Table 1 presents data in the Rockwell C hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsupercialhardness,Knoophardness,andScleroscopehardnessofnon-auste

4、nitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.2 Conversion Table 2Table 2 presents data in the Rockwell B hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickershardn

5、ess,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsupercialhardness,Knoophardness,andScleroscopehardnessofnon-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.3 Conversion Table 3Table 3 presents

6、data on the relationship among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell supercial hardness, and Knoop hardness of nickel and high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50%). These hardness conversion relationships are intended to apply particularly to the following: nickel-aluminu

7、m-silicon specimens nished to commercial mill standards for hardness testing, covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed to their heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions, including their intermediate conditions. 1.4 Conversion Table 4Table 4 presents data on the relationshi

8、p among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Rockwell supercial hardness of cartridge brass. 1.5 ConversionTable5Table5presentsdataontherelationshipbetweenBrinellhardnessandRockwellBhardnessofaustenitic stainless steel plate in the annealed condition. 1.6 Conversion Table 6Table

9、 6 presents data on the relationship between Rockwell hardness and Rockwell supercial hardness of austenitic stainless steel sheet. 1.7 Conversion Table 7Table 7 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell supercial hardness, and Knoop hardn

10、ess of copper. 1.8 Conversion Table 8Table 8 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness of alloyed white iron. 1.9 Conversion Table 9Table 9 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Rockwe

11、ll supercial hardness of wrought aluminum products. 1.10 Conversion Table 10Table 10 presents data in the Rockwell C hardness range on the relationship among Leeb (Type D) hardness, Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool s

12、teels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.11 Many of the conversion values presented herein were obtained from computer-generated curves of actual test data. Most Rockwell hardness numbers are presented to the nearest 0.1

13、 or 0.5 hardness number to permit accurate reproduction of these curves. Since all converted hardness values must be considered approximate, however, all converted hardness numbers shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29. 1 These conversion tables are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe

14、e E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on Indentation Hardness Testing. Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2012. Published May 2013. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E14012.E14012a. DOI: 10.1520/E0140-12A.

15、10.1520/E0140-12B. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users

16、 consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. *ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho

17、hocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 11.12 Annex A1-Annex A10 contain equations to convert from one hardness scale to another. The equations given in Annex A1-AnnexA9 were developed from the data in Tables 1 to 9, respectively. The equations given in AnnexA10 were developed at the time the Leeb hard

18、ness test was invented (see Appendix X2). The data in Table 10 was calculated from the Annex A10 equations. 1.13 Conversionofhardnessvaluesshouldbeusedonlywhenitisimpossibletotestthematerialundertheconditionsspecied, and when conversion is made it should be done with discretion and under controlled

19、conditions. Each type of hardness test is subject to certain errors, but if precautions are carefully observed, the reliability of hardness readings made on instruments of the TABLE 1 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Hardness Range) A, B Rock- well C Hard

20、ness Number 150 kgf (HRC) Vickers Hardness Number (HV) Brinell Hardness Number C Knoop Hardness, Number 500-gf and Over (HK) Rockwell Hardness Number Rockwell Supercial Hardness Number Sclero- scope Hard- ness Number D Rock- well C Hardness Number 150 kgf (HRC) 10-mm Standard Ball, 3000-kgf (HBS) 10

21、-mm Carbide Ball, 3000-kgf (HBW) A Scale, 60-kgf (HRA) D Scale, 100-kgf (HRD) 15-N Scale, 15-kgf (HR 15-N) 30-N Scale, 30-kgf (HR 30-N) 45-N Scale, 45-kgf (HR 45-N) 68 940 . . 920 85.6 76.9 93.2 84.4 75.4 97.3 68 67 900 . . 895 85.0 76.1 92.9 83.6 74.2 95.0 67 66 865 . . 870 84.5 75.4 92.5 82.8 73.3

22、 92.7 66 65 832 . (739) 846 83.9 74.5 92.2 81.9 72.0 90.6 65 64 800 . (722) 822 83.4 73.8 91.8 81.1 71.0 88.5 64 63 772 . (705) 799 82.8 73.0 91.4 80.1 69.9 86.5 63 62 746 . (688) 776 82.3 72.2 91.1 79.3 68.8 84.5 62 61 720 . (670) 754 81.8 71.5 90.7 78.4 67.7 82.6 61 60 697 . (654) 732 81.2 70.7 90

23、.2 77.5 66.6 80.8 60 59 674 . 634 710 80.7 69.9 89.8 76.6 65.5 79.0 59 58 653 . 615 690 80.1 69.2 89.3 75.7 64.3 77.3 58 57 633 . 595 670 79.6 68.5 88.9 74.8 63.2 75.6 57 56 613 . 577 650 79.0 67.7 88.3 73.9 62.0 74.0 56 55 595 . 560 630 78.5 66.9 87.9 73.0 60.9 72.4 55 54 577 . 543 612 78.0 66.1 87

24、.4 72.0 59.8 70.9 54 53 560 . 525 594 77.4 65.4 86.9 71.2 58.6 69.4 53 52 544 (500) 512 576 76.8 64.6 86.4 70.2 57.4 67.9 52 51 528 (487) 496 558 76.3 63.8 85.9 69.4 56.1 66.5 51 50 513 (475) 481 542 75.9 63.1 85.5 68.5 55.0 65.1 50 49 498 (464) 469 526 75.2 62.1 85.0 67.6 53.8 63.7 49 48 484 451 45

25、5 510 74.7 61.4 84.5 66.7 52.5 62.4 48 47 471 442 443 495 74.1 60.8 83.9 65.8 51.4 61.1 47 46 458 432 432 480 73.6 60.0 83.5 64.8 50.3 59.8 46 45 446 421 421 466 73.1 59.2 83.0 64.0 49.0 58.5 45 44 434 409 409 452 72.5 58.5 82.5 63.1 47.8 57.3 44 43 423 400 400 438 72.0 57.7 82.0 62.2 46.7 56.1 43 4

26、2 412 390 390 426 71.5 56.9 81.5 61.3 45.5 54.9 42 41 402 381 381 414 70.9 56.2 80.9 60.4 44.3 53.7 41 40 392 371 371 402 70.4 55.4 80.4 59.5 43.1 52.6 40 39 382 362 362 391 69.9 54.6 79.9 58.6 41.9 51.5 39 38 372 353 353 380 69.4 53.8 79.4 57.7 40.8 50.4 38 37 363 344 344 370 68.9 53.1 78.8 56.8 39

27、.6 49.3 37 36 354 336 336 360 68.4 52.3 78.3 55.9 38.4 48.2 36 35 345 327 327 351 67.9 51.5 77.7 55.0 37.2 47.1 35 34 336 319 319 342 67.4 50.8 77.2 54.2 36.1 46.1 34 33 327 311 311 334 66.8 50.0 76.6 53.3 34.9 45.1 33 32 318 301 301 326 66.3 49.2 76.1 52.1 33.7 44.1 32 31 310 294 294 318 65.8 48.4

28、75.6 51.3 32.5 43.1 31 30 302 286 286 311 65.3 47.7 75.0 50.4 31.3 42.2 30 29 294 279 279 304 64.8 47.0 74.5 49.5 30.1 41.3 29 28 286 271 271 297 64.3 46.1 73.9 48.6 28.9 40.4 28 27 279 264 264 290 63.8 45.2 73.3 47.7 27.8 39.5 27 26 272 258 258 284 63.3 44.6 72.8 46.8 26.7 38.7 26 25 266 253 253 27

29、8 62.8 43.8 72.2 45.9 25.5 37.8 25 24 260 247 247 272 62.4 43.1 71.6 45.0 24.3 37.0 24 23 254 243 243 266 62.0 42.1 71.0 44.0 23.1 36.3 23 22 248 237 237 261 61.5 41.6 70.5 43.2 22.0 35.5 22 21 243 231 231 256 61.0 40.9 69.9 42.3 20.7 34.8 21 20 238 226 226 251 60.5 40.1 69.4 41.5 19.6 34.2 20 A In

30、the table headings, force refers to total test forces. B Annex A1 contains equations converting determined hardness scale numbers to Rockwell C hardness numbers for non-austenitic steels. Refer to 1.12 before using conversion equations. C The Brinell hardness numbers in parentheses are outside the r

31、ange recommended for Brinell hardness testing in 8.1 of Test Method E10. D These Scleroscope hardness conversions are based on VickersScleroscope hardness relationships developed from Vickers hardness data provided by the National Bureau of Standards for 13 steel reference blocks, Scleroscope hardne

32、ss values obtained on these blocks by the Shore Instrument and Mfg. Co., Inc., the Roll Manufacturers Institute, and members of this institute, and also on hardness conversions previously published by the American Society for Metals and the Roll Manufacturers Institute. E14012b 2indentation type wil

33、l be found comparable. Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness scale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than between two different scales or types of instruments. The conversion values, whether from the tables or calculated from the equations, are only approximate and m

34、ay be inaccurate for specic application. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A956Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials E29Practice for Using Signicant Dig

35、its in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specications E92Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials (Withdrawn 2010) 3 E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials E448Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials 3. Methods for Hardness Determinati

36、ons 3.1 ThehardnessreadingsusedwiththeseconversiontablesshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithoneofthefollowingASTM test methods: 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand

37、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. TABLE 2 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell B Hardness Range) A, B Rockwell B Hardness Number, 100-kgf (HRB) Vickers Hardness

38、 Number (HV) Brinell Hard- ness Number, 3000-kgf, (HBS) Knoop Hard- ness Number, 500-gf, and Over (HK) Rockwell A Hardness Number, 60-kgf, (HRA) Rockwell F Hardness Number, 60-kgf, (HRF) Rockwell Supercial Hardness Number Rockwell B Hardness Number, 100-kgf, (HRB) 15-T Scale, 15-kgf, (HR 15-T) 30-T

39、Scale, 30-kgf, (HR 30-T) 45-T Scale, 45-kgf, (HR 45-T) 100 240 240 251 61.5 . 93.1 83.1 72.9 100 99 234 234 246 60.9 . 92.8 82.5 71.9 99 98 228 228 241 60.2 . 92.5 81.8 70.9 98 97 222 222 236 59.5 . 92.1 81.1 69.9 97 96 216 216 231 58.9 . 91.8 80.4 68.9 96 95 210 210 226 58.3 . 91.5 79.8 67.9 95 94

40、205 205 221 57.6 . 91.2 79.1 66.9 94 93 200 200 216 57.0 . 90.8 78.4 65.9 93 92 195 195 211 56.4 . 90.5 77.8 64.8 92 91 190 190 206 55.8 . 90.2 77.1 63.8 91 90 185 185 201 55.2 . 89.9 76.4 62.8 90 89 180 180 196 54.6 . 89.5 75.8 61.8 89 88 176 176 192 54.0 . 89.2 75.1 60.8 88 87 172 172 188 53.4 . 8

41、8.9 74.4 59.8 87 86 169 169 184 52.8 . 88.6 73.8 58.8 86 85 165 165 180 52.3 . 88.2 73.1 57.8 85 84 162 162 176 51.7 . 87.9 72.4 56.8 84 83 159 159 173 51.1 . 87.6 71.8 55.8 83 82 156 156 170 50.6 . 87.3 71.1 54.8 82 81 153 153 167 50.0 . 86.9 70.4 53.8 81 80 150 150 164 49.5 . 86.6 69.7 52.8 80 79

42、147 147 161 48.9 . 86.3 69.1 51.8 79 78 144 144 158 48.4 . 86.0 68.4 50.8 78 77 141 141 155 47.9 . 85.6 67.7 49.8 77 76 139 139 152 47.3 . 85.3 67.1 48.8 76 75 137 137 150 46.8 99.6 85.0 66.4 47.8 75 74 135 135 147 46.3 99.1 84.7 65.7 46.8 74 73 132 132 145 45.8 98.5 84.3 65.1 45.8 73 72 130 130 143

43、 45.3 98.0 84.0 64.4 44.8 72 71 127 127 141 44.8 97.4 83.7 63.7 43.8 71 70 125 125 139 44.3 96.8 83.4 63.1 42.8 70 69 123 123 137 43.8 96.2 83.0 62.4 41.8 69 68 121 121 135 43.3 95.6 82.7 61.7 40.8 68 67 119 119 133 42.8 95.1 82.4 61.0 39.8 67 66 117 117 131 42.3 94.5 82.1 60.4 38.7 66 65 116 116 12

44、9 41.8 93.9 81.8 59.7 37.7 65 64 114 114 127 41.4 93.4 81.4 59.0 36.7 64 63 112 112 125 40.9 92.8 81.1 58.4 35.7 63 62 110 110 124 40.4 92.2 80.8 57.7 34.7 62 61 108 108 122 40.0 91.7 80.5 57.0 33.7 61 60 107 107 120 39.5 91.1 80.1 56.4 32.7 60 E14012b 3TABLE 3Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers

45、 for Nickel and High-NickelAlloys A, B, C NOTE 1See Supplement to Table 3. NOTE 2The use of hardness scales for hardness values shown in parentheses is not recommended since they are beyond the ranges recommended for accuracy. Such values are shown for comparative purposes only, where comparisons ma

46、y be desired and the recommended machine and scale are not available. Vickers Hard- ness Num- ber Brinell Hard- ness Num- ber Rockwell Hardness Number Rockwell Supercial Hardness Number Vickers In- denter 1, 5, 10, 30- kgf (HV) 10-mm Stand- ard Ball, 3000- kgf (HBS) A Scale B Scale C Scale D Scale E

47、 Scale F Scale G Scale K Scale 15-N Scale 30-N Scale 45-N Scale 15-T Scale 30-T Scale 45-T Scale 60-kgf Dia- mond Pene- trator (HRA) 100-kgf 1 16-in. (1.588- mm) Ball (HRB) 150-kgf Dia- mond Pene- trator (HRC) 100-kgf Dia- mond Pene- trator (HRD) 100-kgf 1 8-in. (3.175- mm) Ball (HRE) 60-kgf 1 16-in

48、. (1.588- mm) Ball (HRF) 150-kgf 1 16-in. (1.588- mm) Ball (HRG) 150-kgf 1 8-in. (3.175- mm) Ball (HRK) 15-kgf Super- cial Dia- mond Penetra- tor (HR 15-N) 30-kgf Super- cial Dia- mond Penetra- tor (HR 30-N) 45-kgf Supercial Diamond Penetra- tor (HR 45-N) 15-kgf 1 16-in. (1.588- mm) Ball (HR 15-T) 3

49、0-kgf 1 16-in. (1.588- mm) Ball (HR 30-T) 45-kgf 1 16-in. (1.588- mm) Ball (HR 45-T) 513 (479) 75.5 . 50.0 63.0 . . . . 85.5 68.0 54.5 . . . 481 450 74.5 . 48.0 61.5 . . . . 84.5 66.5 52.5 . . . 452 425 73.5 . 46.0 60.0 . . . . 83.5 64.5 50.0 . . . 427 403 72.5 . 44.0 58.5 . . . . 82.5 63.0 47.5 . . . 404 382 71.5 . 42.0 57.0 . . . . 81.5 61.0 45.5 . . . 382 363 70.5 . 40.0 55.5 . . . . 80.5 59.5 43.0 . . . 362 346 69.5 . 38.0 54.0 . . . . 79.5 58.0 41.0 . . . 344 329 68.5 . 36.0 52.5 . . . . 78.5 56.0 38.5 . . . 326 313 67.5 . 34.0 50.5 . . . . 77.5 5