ASTM D6330-1998(2003) Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6330 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forDetermination of Volatile Organic Compounds (ExcludingFormaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels UsingSmall Environmental Chambers Under Defined TestConditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6330; the number imme

2、diately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The

3、 practice measures the volatile organic compounds(VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufacturedwood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identifythe VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is,emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interestare then de

4、termined by measuring the concentrations in a smallenvironmental test chamber containing a specimen. The testchamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under thestandard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determi-nation, see Test Method D 6007.1.2 This practice describes a test meth

5、od that is specific tothe measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufacturedindividual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood,and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparingthe emission characteristics of different products under thestandard test condition. For general gui

6、dance on conductingsmall environmental chamber tests, see Guide D 5116.1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamberare determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsor-bent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorp-tion and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectromet

7、ry (GC/MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical methodrecommended in this practice are generally valid for theidentification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vaporpressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25C, depending on these

8、lection of adsorbent(s).NOTE 1VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on theadsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D 6196). Theuser should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of eachadsorbent used.1.4 The emission factors determined using the above pro-cedure

9、 describe the emission characteristics of the specimenunder the standard test condition. These data can be useddirectly to compare the emission characteristics of differentproducts and to estimate the emission rates up to one monthafter the production. They shall not be used to predict theemission r

10、ates over longer periods of time (that is, more thanone month) or under different environmental conditions.1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used forpredicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOCconcentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor airquality model, which is be

11、yond the scope of this practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.7 This practice does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of the standard to consult andestabli

12、sh appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specified hazard statements see Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 1914 Practice for Conversion

13、 Units and Factors Relatingto Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD 5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD 6007 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Con-centrations in Air from Wood Products Using a SmallScale Chamber

14、D 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-ganic Compounds in AirE 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-tionships1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Samplingand Analysis of Atmospheres and

15、 is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved October 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 6330 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

16、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 741 Test Method for Determini

17、ng Air Change in a SingleZone by Means of a Tracer Gas DilutionIEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units (SI): The Modern MetricSystem2.2 Other Standard:EPA TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compoundsin Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent

18、Tubes, Compendium of Methods for the Determination ofToxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions and terms that are com-monly used, refer to Terminology D 1356 and Practice E 355.For definitions and terms related to test methods using small-scale environmental

19、chamber, refer to Guide D 5116. For anexplanation of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer toPractice D 1914.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 environmental enclosurea container or space inwhich the environmental test chamber(s) is placed. The enclo-sure has controlled

20、 temperature and relative humidity.3.2.2 loading ratio (m2/m3)the total exposed surface areaof each test specimen divided by the net air volume of theenvironmental test chamber.3.2.3 nominal time constant (tn)the time required toobtain one air change in the environmental test chamber, whichis equal

21、to the inverse of the air change rate.3.2.4 pre-screening analysisa procedure for identifyingthe VOCs emitted from a test specimen. The results are used todetermine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analyticalmethod for subsequent dynamic chamber tests.3.2.5 standard environmental test chamber conditi

22、onatest condition of temperature at 23 6 0.5C, relative humidity(RH) at 50 6 5 %, air change rate per hour in the chamber at1 6 0.03 ACH, and chamber loading ratio at 0.40 6 0.01m2/m3.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe VOC emission rates for wood-based panel products are generally controlled by VOC diffu-sions w

23、ithin the material. The airflow condition (air velocityand turbulence) over the test specimen has minimal effect onthe emission rates; therefore, it is not specified in the standardtest condition.3.2.6 tracer gasa gaseous compound that is neither emit-ted by the wood-based panel nor present in the s

24、upply air to thechamber. It can be used to determine the mixing characteristicsof the environmental test chamber, and it provides a cross-check of the air change rate measurements.3.2.7 TVOCtotal concentration of all the individual vola-tile organic compounds (VOC) captured from air by a givensorben

25、t, or a given combination of several sorbents, thermallydesorbed into and eluted from a given gas chromatographicsystem and measured by a given detector. For VOC definition,see Terminology D 1356.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe measured value of TVOC willdepend on the collection and desorption efficiency of t

26、hesorbent trap, the efficiency of transfer to the GC column, thetype and size of the GC column, the GC temperature programand other chromatographic parameters, and the type of GCdetector. One way to report TVOC values is recommended in8.2.7.6.3.2.8 wood-based panel test specimena specimen of apanel

27、cut from an original wood-based panel sample, such asparticleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), or plywood.4. Significance and Use4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality inbuildings have not been well established. One basic require-ment that has emerged from indoor air quality stud

28、ies is theneed for well-characterized test data on the emission factors ofVOCs from building materials. Standard test method andprocedure are a requirement for the comparison of emissionfactor data from different products.4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a smallenvironmental test ch

29、amber to determine the emission factorsof VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period oftime. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided toidentify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine theappropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and toestimate required sampling

30、volume for the subsequent envi-ronmental chamber testing.4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basisfor comparing the VOC emission characteristics of differentwood-based panel products. The emission data can be used toinform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their prod-ucts.

31、The data can also be used to identify building materialswith reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.4.4 While emission factors determined by using this prac-tice can be used to compare different products, the concentra-tions measured in the chamber shall not be considered as theres

32、ultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.5. Apparatus5.1 This practice requires the use of an environmentalchamber test system, an air sample collection system, and achemical analysis system. A general guide for conducting smallenvironmental chamber tests is provided in Guide D 5116. Th

33、efollowing paragraphs describe the requirements that are spe-cific to this practice:5.2 Environmental Chamber Testing SystemThe systemshall include an environmental test chamber, an environmentalenclosure, equipment for supplying clean and conditioned airto the chamber, and outlet fittings for sampl

34、ing the airexhausted from the chamber. Fig. 1 illustrates an example ofsuch systems. All materials and components in contact withpanel specimen or air stream from the chamber inlet to samplecollection point shall be chemically inert and accessible forcleaning. Suitable materials include stainless st

35、eel and glass.All gaskets and flexible components shall be made fromchemically inert materials.5.2.1 Environmental Test ChamberThe chamber shouldhave a volume of 0.05 m3with the interior dimensions of 0.5by 0.4 by 0.25-m high. A chamber with a different size andshape may also be used if the same sta

36、ndard environmental testchamber conditions (see 3.2.6) can be maintained. The cham-ber shall include a supply air system having an inlet port withdistributed openings to assist mixing between the supply airD 6330 98 (2003)2and chamber air and an outlet port with distributed exhaustopenings to ensure

37、 that concentration measured at the chamberexhaust is the average concentration in the chamber. Thechamber criteria are as follows:5.2.1.1 Air-Tightness of the ChamberThe nominal airleakage rate of the chamber shall be less than 1 % of the airchange rate used for the emission test at 10 Pa. Air-tigh

38、tness ismeasured as follows: (1) seal the outlet of the chamber; (2)supply air to the chamber through the inlet and adjust theairflow rate so that the pressure difference between the insideand outside of the chamber is maintained at 10 6 1 Pa, whichis measured by a pressure transducer with a minimum

39、 specifiedaccuracy of 61 Pa; and (3) measure the airflow rate. The rateis the nominal leakage rate of the chamber.5.2.1.2 Air Mixing in the ChamberAdequate air mixing inthe chamber shall be achieved to ensure that concentrationsmeasured at the chamber exhaust are representative of those inthe chambe

40、r. This may be determined by using the followingtracer gas decay method: (1) place a small mixing fan (forexample, a personal computer cooling fan) in the chamber; (2)operate the chamber under the standard test condition and turnon the mixing fan; (3) inject a small amount (a pulse) of aninert trace

41、r gas (for example, SF6) into the chamber directly orby means of the supply air; (4) allow 5 min for the gas to mixwith the chamber air; (5) turn off the mixing fan and record thetime as t = 0; and (6) measure the concentrations of the tracergas at the exhaust of the chamber at the following time po

42、ints:t = 0, 0.25 tn, 0.5 tn, 1.0 tn, 1.5 tn, and 2.0 tn, where tnis thenominal time constant and is equal to 1.0 h for the standard testcondition. The measured concentrations are compared to thevalues given by the following theoretical equation under theperfect mixing condition (in which the concent

43、rations mea-sured at the exhaust are the same as those in the chamber):Ct!5 C0eNt(1)where:C0= initial concentration at t=0, g/m3,NOTE 1The chamber assembly should be contained in an environmental enclosure to maintain the required temperature.FIG. 1 Schematic of an Example Small Chamber Test SystemD

44、 6330 98 (2003)3C(t)= concentration at time t, g/m3,N = air change rate, h1, andt = time from the start of the air purging, h.The maximum difference between the measured and calcu-lated theoretical values shall be within 6 5 % of the theoreticalvalue. The above mixing test shall be conducted with as

45、imulated test specimen placed in the chamber.NOTE 2The above test method is a simplified version of the decaymethod described in Guide D 5116. Alternatively, the method of deter-mining adequate air mixing described in Guide D 5116 may also be usedto check the mixing condition in the chamber.5.2.1.3

46、Sample Specimen HolderA sample specimenholder shall be used to hold the test specimen so that only thetest surface of the specimen is exposed to the chamber air. Theholder shall be designed to minimize the emissions from edgesand non-testing surface of the specimen. A design example isshown in Fig.

47、2.5.2.1.4 Sink EffectThe chamber and specimen holder shallhave minimum sink effect. The recovery factor determined bythe following procedure shall be higher than 95 % for decane:(1) seal the supply inlet and exhaust of the chamber; (2) inject5 g of vaporized decane into the chamber; (3) take an airs

48、ample from the chamber exhaust at 5 min after the injection,and record this concentration as the initial concentration C0andthe time as t =0;(4)att = 0, begin purging the air through thechamber at t = 0 under standard test conditions; (5) take airsamples from the chamber exhaust at the following tim

49、es afterthe start of purging: t1 = 0.25 tn, t2 = 0.5 tn, t3 = 1.0 tn, t4 = 1.5NOTE 1All materials for the sample holder should be made of electropolished stainless steel.FIG. 2 Schematic of an Example Sample HolderD 6330 98 (2003)4tn, t5 = 2.0 tn, t6 = 3.0 tn, t7 = 4.5 tn, t8=6tn, t9=8tn, andt10=10tn, where tnis the nominal time constant and is equalto 1.0 h for the standard test condition; and (6) calculate therecovery factor (RF) as follows:RF 5N2C0(i50n1Cti! 1 Cti11!#ti11 ti!100 % (2)where:RF = recovery factor, %,N = air change rate, h1,C0= in