ASTM D5706-2011 red 0000 Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine《使用高频线性.pdf

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1、Designation:D570605 (Reapproved 2011)1Designation: D5706 11Standard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of LubricatingGreases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5706; the number immediately following th

2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated 7.6 and Fig. 1, and add

3、ed Note 3 editorially in July 2011.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extreme pressurepropertie

4、s of lubricating fluid.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this

5、standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing SteelD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Gre

6、aseD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV TestMachineD7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequ

7、ency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN EN ISO 13

8、565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces havingstratified functional properties Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio curve (replaces DIN 4776:1990:Measurement of surface roughness; parameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for the descri

9、ption of the material portion)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompaniedby transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologi

10、cal systems long-termbehavior. G403.1.2 coeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to thenormal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G401This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products

11、and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0.04on Functional Tests - Tribology.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D570605. DOI:10.1520/D5706-05R11E01.Current edition approved D

12、ec. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D570605(2011)1. DOI:10.1520/D5706-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolu

13、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard

14、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is

15、to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contact between two nonconform

16、ing solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. G40 magnitude of

17、 the pressure at any specified location in aHertzian contact area, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. The Hertzian contact pressure canalso be calculated and reported as maximum value Pmaxin the centre of the contact or as Paverageas average over thetotal contact area. D7421

18、3.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. D2173.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms a tw

19、o-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surfacetension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.3.1.7 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form

20、 the grease structure. D2173.1.7.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soapthickeners) which are insoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that thesolid particle

21、s be extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquidlubricant.3.1.8 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the arithmetic average of the absolute distances of all profile points from themean line for a given distance.43.1.8.1 D

22、iscussionC.L.A. means center line average, and it is a synonym for Ra.3.1.9 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak sticking outabove the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is th

23、e mean depth of the valley reachinginto the material below the core profile section.3.1.11 Ry, nin measuring surface finish, the vertical distance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom of the deepestvalley in one sampling length.3.1.12Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the average

24、of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment length.53.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extreme pressure, adjin lubricationcharacterized by metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing conditions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between the rubbin

25、g surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, seizure is indicated by a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over steady state, ofgreater than 0.2 for over 20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage in the motor will occur.3.2.33.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, V

26、erschleiss (German); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machine using a steel test ball oscillating against a stationary steel test diskwith lubricant between them. Test load is increased in 100-N increments unt

27、il seizure occurs. The load, immediately prior to theload at which seizure occurs, is measured and reported.NOTE 1Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and disk material can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or area cont

28、act, test pieces of differing configurations can be substituted for the test balls.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases at selectedtemperatures specified for use in applications where high-speed vib

29、rational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzianpoint contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints offront-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field

30、performance or otherapplications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,6illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.4Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP

31、-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 25.pp. 29, 31.6Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.D5706 1127. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,652100 steel, Rockwell h

32、ardness number of 60 6 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), 0.025 6 0.005-m Ra surfacefinish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,6vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI 52100 steel with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type A, asseverity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45 and Specification A295/A2

33、95M or an inclusion sum value K1# 10according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed to obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness number of 60 6 2onRockwell C scale (HRC), the surfaces of the disk being lapped and free of lapping raw materials. The topography of the disk willbe determined by

34、 four values, 24-mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:0.5 m Rz (DIN) 0.650 m0.035 m Ra (C.L.A.) 0.050 m6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Optimol Instruments Prftechnik GmbH, Westendstrasse 125, D-80339, MunichGermany, http:/www.optimol-instruments.de. If you

35、are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your commentswill receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine, Model III (left), Model 4 (right)1. Oscillation d

36、rive rod 6. Electrical resistance heater2. Test ball holder 7. Resistance thermometer3. Load rod 8. Test disk holder4. Test ball 9. Piezoelectric measuring device5. Test disk 10. Receiving blockFIG. 2 Test Chamber ElementsD5706 1130.020 m Rpk 0.035 m0.050 m Rvk 0.075 mNOTE 2The DIN 17230-1980 was re

37、placed by DIN EN ISO 683-17.7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard)7.6 Cleaning Solvent, the test disks have to be cleaned by a liquid solvent (non-

38、chlorinated, non-film forming).NOTE 3It is recommended to use a mixture of equal volumes of n-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene, all as reagent grades. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder and allow to warm up for 15 min prior to

39、 running tests.8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peak value position in accordance with the manufacturers directions.NOTE 4In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the sliding switch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behind thefront panel)

40、 and the sliding switch located on the back panel of the control unit.8.3 Turn the amplitude knob to ZERO.8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.8.5 Set the frequency to 50 Hz.8.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Sele

41、ct the desiredchart speed.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the test ball and disk by wiping the surfaces with laboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeat wipinguntil no dark residue appears on the tissue. Immerse the test ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent under ultrasonicvibratio

42、n for 10 min. Dry the test ball and disk with a clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurs on the surface.9.2 Procedures A and B:9.2.1 Procedure APlace a small amount (approximately 0.1 to 0.2 g, the size of a pea) of lubricating grease to be tested onthe cleaned test disk in an area such that overl

43、apping with previous wear scars will not occur.9.2.2 Procedure BPlace the grease caliper with 1 mm in height on the cleaned disc. Fill the opening of the grease caliper withgrease. Remove any excess grease by means of a spatula. Remove the grease caliper by lifting it upwards. Fasten the disc in the

44、specimen holder.9.3 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middle of the lubricating grease specimen so that the lubricating greasemakes a circular symmetric pad between the test ball and disk.9.4 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a load reading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully pla

45、ce disk containing thelubricating grease specimen and test ball on the test area platform.9.5 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance to tightening just begins. Then load unit to 100 N and tighten the balland disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Reduce the load to 50 N for break-in.9.6

46、Turn on the heater control and set to the desired temperature.9.7 Set the load charge amplifier to the setting that corresponds to the 400-N load.9.8 Change the load charge amplifier at each load in accordance with the manufacturers instructions when the coefficient offriction at each test load is t

47、o be studied.9.9 When the temperature has stabilized, turn on the chart recorder and depress the drive start toggle switch until the timerbegins to count and then adjust the stroke amplitude knob to 1.00 mm for Procedure A and to 1.5 mm for Procedure B.9.10 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, incre

48、ase the load to 100 N using the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this load for2 min for Procedure A and 15 min for Procedure B. The 2 or 15min interval includes the loading ramp sequence. Increase theload by 100 N every 2 min using the slow ramp until a load of 1200 N is reached, or the load limit

49、of the test apparatus is attained,or failure occurs. Failure is indicated by a rise in coefficient of friction of greater than 0.2 over steady state for over 20 s or astoppage in the oscillating of the test machine (see Test Method D6425).NOTE 5Because a 30-s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increase times will occur on the half minute of even minutes.NOTE 6The SRV test machines available after 1992 have a maximum load of 1400 N and SRVIII test machines after 1995 of 2000 N. OptimolInstruments supplies an upg