ASTM D5083-2008 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics Using Straight-Sided Specimens.pdf

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1、Designation: D 5083 08Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting PlasticsUsing Straight-Sided Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5083; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensileproperties of thermosetting reinforced p

3、lastics using test speci-mens of uniform nominal width when tested under definedconditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.NOTE 1Experience with this test method to date has been limited toglass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to bede

4、termined.1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials of anythickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.).NOTE 2This test method is not intended to cover precise physicalprocedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movementtype of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical st

5、andpoint, thatwide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rateof strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speedsspecified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in theplastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesse

6、s of testspecimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations inthe surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations mayinfluence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results aredesired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional test

7、sshould be used where more precise physical data are needed.NOTE 3Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknessesgreater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thicknessby machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcementamount and direction, but is gene

8、rally not recommended.1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address a

9、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 527-4e

10、xcept as noted below:(a) This test method does not include testing of the Type I dogbone shapedspecimen described in ISO 527-4. Testing of this type of specimen,primarily used for reinforced and un-reinforced thermoplastic materials, isdescribed in Test Method D 638.(b) The thickness of test specime

11、ns in this test method includes the 2 mmto 10 mm thickness range of ISO 527-4, but expands the allowable testthickness to 14 mm.NOTE 5For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforcedwith oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus 20-Gpa ( 3.03 106-psi) fibers, tests shall be made

12、in accordance with Test MethodD 3039/D 3039M or ISO 527 Part 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 3039/D 3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of

13、Polymer Matrix Composite MaterialsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE 691

14、Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 527 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile PropertiesPart 1: General PrinciplesISO 527 Part 4 PlasticsDetermination of TensilePropertiesTest Conditions for Isotropic and OrthotropicFiber-Reinfo

15、rced Plastic CompositesISO 527 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile PropertiesPart 5: Test Conditions for Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical P

16、roperties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5083 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

17、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 10

18、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 1268 Fibre-Reinforced PlasticsMethods of Produc-ing Test Plates3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to this testmethod appear in Terminology D 883.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method i

19、s intended for tensile testing offiber-reinforced thermosetting laminates. For injection moldedthermoplastics, both reinforced and unreinforced, Test Meth-ods D 638 is recommended. For most unidirectional fiberreinforced laminates, Test Methods D 3039/D 3039M is pre-ferred.4.2 This test method is de

20、signed to produce tensile propertydata for quality control and research and development. Factorsthat influence the tensile properties, and should therefore bereported, are: material, methods of material and specimenpreparation, specimen conditioning, test environment, speed oftesting, void content,

21、and volume percent reinforcement.4.3 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without alsospecifying the method of preparation of that material. Hence,when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, thegreatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples areprepared in exactly t

22、he same way, unless the test is to includethe effects of sample preparation. Similarly, for referee pur-poses or comparisons within any given series of specimen, caremust be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity indetails of preparation, treatment, and handling.NOTE 6Preparation technique

23、s for reinforced thermosetting plasticscan be found in the part of ISO 1268 appropriate to the manufacturingtechnique for the laminate.4.4 Tensile properties may provide useful data for engineer-ing design purposes. However, because of the high degree ofsensitivity exhibited by many reinforced plast

24、ics to rate ofstraining and environmental conditions, data obtained by thistest method cannot be considered valid for applications involv-ing load-time scales or environments widely different fromthose of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, noreliable estimation of the limit of usefuln

25、ess can be made formost plastics. This sensitivity to rate of straining and environ-ment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (includ-ing impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions.NOTE 7Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as inmany other organic materi

26、als and in many metals) is debatable, thepropriety of applying the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted generallyaccepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or stress-strain characteris-tics of plastic materials is highly dependent on such factors as rate ofapplication of stress, temperature, pr

27、evious history of specimen, etc.However, stress-strain curves for plastics, determined as described in thistest method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses. A straightline drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of anelastic modulus of the usually defined type.

28、Such a constant is useful if itsarbitrary nature and dependence on time, temperature, and similar factorsare realized.4.5 For many materials, there may be a specification thatrequires the use of this test method, but with some proceduralmodifications that take precedence when adhering to thespecific

29、ation. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-fication D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that cur-rently exist.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type and comp

30、rising essentiallythe following:5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 Grip:5.1.3.1 Grips for holding the test specimen between thefixed member and the movable member. The grips shall beself-alignin

31、g, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, sothat the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with thedirection of the applied load through the center line of the grip

32、assembly. Align the specimen as perfectly as possible with thedirection of pull so that no rotary motion that may induceslippage will occur in the grips; there is a limit to the amountof misalignment self-aligning grips will accommodate.5.1.3.2 Mount the test specimen in such a way that slippagerela

33、tive to the grips is prevented insofar as possible. Gripsurfaces that are deeply scored or serrated with a patternsimilar to those of a coarse single-cut file, serrations about 0.09in. (2.4 mm) apart and about 0.06 in. (1.6 mm) deep or finer,have been found satisfactory for most thermosetting materi

34、als.The serrations should be kept clean and sharp. Breaking in thegrips may occur at times, even when deep serrations or abradedspecimen surfaces are used; other techniques must be used inthese cases. Other techniques that have been found useful,particularly with smooth-faced grips, are abrading tha

35、t portionof the surface of the specimen that will be in the grips, andinterposing thin pieces of abrasive cloth, abrasive paper, orplastic or rubber-coated fabric, commonly called hospitalsheeting, between the specimen and the grip surface. Number80 double-sided abrasive paper has been found effecti

36、ve inmany cases. An open-mesh fabric, in which the threads arecoated with abrasive, has also been effective. The use of specialtypes of grips is sometimes necessary to eliminate slippage andbreakage in the grips.5.1.4 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member a controlled v

37、elocity with respect tothe stationary member, this velocity to be regulated as specifiedin Section 8.5.1.5 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free of iner

38、tia lag at the specified rate of testing andshall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of theindicated value, or better. The accuracy of the testing machineshall be verified in accordance with Practices E4.NOTE 8Experience has shown that many testing machines now in useare incapable of maintai

39、ning accuracy for as long as the periods betweeninspection recommended in Practices E4. Hence, it is recommended thateach machine be studied individually and verified as often as may beD5083082found necessary. It may be necessary to perform this function daily.5.1.6 The fixed member, movable member,

40、 drive mecha-nism, and grips shall be constructed of such materials and insuch proportions that the total elastic longitudinal strain of thesystem constituted by these parts does not exceed 1 % of thetotal longitudinal strain between the two gage marks on the testspecimen at any time during the test

41、 and at any load up to therated capacity of the machine.5.2 StrainStrain may be determined by means of anextension indicator or strain indicator. If Poissons ratio is to bedetermined, the specimen must be instrumented to measurestrain in both longitudinal and lateral directions.5.2.1 Extension Indic

42、ator (Extensometer)A suitable in-strument for determining the distance between two designatedfixed points within the gage length of the test specimen as thespecimen is stretched. It is desirable, but not essential, that thisinstrument automatically record the distance, or any change init, or of the

43、elapsed time from the start of the test, or both. Ifonly the latter is obtained, load-time data must also be taken.This instrument shall be essentially free of inertia at thespecified speed of testing. Extensometers shall be classifiedand calibration periodically verified in accordance with Prac-tic

44、e E83.5.2.2 Modulus MeasurementsFor modulus measurement,an extensometer with a maximum strain error of 0.0002mm/mm or 0.0002 in./in. that automatically and continuouslyrecords strain shall be used. A Class B-2 extensometer (seePractice E83) meets this requirement.5.2.3 Low-Extension MeasurementsFor

45、low-extensionmeasurements beyond the modulus range but below 20 %extension, the extensometer system must meet, at least, Prac-tice E83Class C requirements. This requires a fixed strainerror of .0025 mm (.001 in.) or less, or the capability of readingto 61 % of the indicated strain, whichever is grea

46、ter.5.2.4 High-Extension MeasurementsFor measurementsgreater than 20 %, and beyond the yield point of the material,strain-measuring techniques with error no greater than 610 %of the measured value are acceptable.5.2.5 When desired, the specimen may be instrumented withstrain gages. Proper preparatio

47、n of the specimen surface andgage as well as mounting of the gage to the specimen surface,is mandatory to ensure reliable and accurate strain measure-ments.NOTE 9Bonded strain gages can accurately measure strain directlybelow the gage. Reinforced or discontinuous laminates may producelocalized strai

48、n fields directly under the gage that are not identified bystandard averaging extensometers. For strain gages whose lengths are tooshort, localized strain fields under the gage may cause misleading results.5.3 Micrometers:5.3.1 Suitable micrometers for measuring the width andthickness of the test sp

49、ecimen to an incremental discriminationof at least 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) should be used. All width andthickness measurements of rigid and semirigid plastics may bemeasured with a hand micrometer with ratchet. A suitableinstrument for measuring the thickness of non-rigid test speci-mens shall have: a contact measuring pressure of 25 6 2.5 kPa(3.6 6 0.36 psi); a movable circular contact foot 6.35 6 0.025mm (0.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter; and a lower fixed anvillarge enough to extend beyond the contact foot in all directionsand parallel to the contact foot wi