ASTM D4950-2014 Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases《机动车保养润滑脂的标准分类和规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: D4950 14Standard Classification and Specification forAutomotive Service Greases1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification describes current categories of lubricating greases for automotive service-fillapplications. A specific designation

3、is assigned to each category. The system is open ended, that is,new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of grease performancecharacteristics is defined. Grease categories are referenced by automotive manufacturers in makinglubrication recommendations and used by gre

4、ase suppliers and users in identifying products forspecific applications.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers lubricating greases suitable forthe periodic relubrication of chassis systems and wheel bear-ings of passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles.1.2 This specification defines the requireme

5、nts used todescribe the properties and performance characteristics ofchassis greases and wheel bearing greases for service-fillapplications.1.3 The test requirements (acceptance limits) given in thisspecification are, as the case may be, minimum or maximumacceptable values for valid duplicate test r

6、esults. Apply noadditional corrections for test precision, such as described inPractice D3244, inasmuch as the precision of the test methodswas taken into account in the determination of the require-ments.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionsTest Method D25

7、96 reports test results inkgf units, and Test Method D4289 reports rubber hardness inDurometer Shore A units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD566 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating GreaseD1264 Test Method for Determinin

8、g the Water WashoutCharacteristics of Lubricating GreasesD1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from LubricatingGrease During StorageD1743 Test Method for Determining Corrosion PreventiveProperties of Lubricating GreasesD2265 Test Method for Dropping Point of LubricatingGrease Over Wide Temperature Ra

9、ngeD2266 Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics ofLubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)D2596 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to DetermineConformance with SpecificationsD3527 Test Me

10、thod for Life Performance of AutomotiveWheel Bearing GreaseD4170 Test Method for Fretting Wear Protection by Lubri-cating GreasesD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4289 Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubri-cating Greases and Fluids1This classificat

11、ion and specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.04 on Automotive Greases.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallypublished in 1989. Last pr

12、evious edition approved in 2013 as D4950 13. DOI:10.1520/D4950-142This classification and specification was developed as a cooperative effortamong the American Society for Testing and Materials, the National LubricatingGrease Institute (NLGI), and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).3For refer

13、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyri

14、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4290 Test Method for Determining the Leakage Tenden-cies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease Under Accel-erated ConditionsD4693 Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Whee

15、l Bearings2.2 SAE Standards:4AMS 3217A Standard Elastomer Stock-Test SlabsAMS 3217/2C Test Slabs,Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-L)-Low Acrylonitrile, 65-755AMS 3217/3B Test Slabs Chloroprene (CR)-65-75SAE J310 Automotive Lubricating Greases3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricant, nany material i

16、nterposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D41753.1.2 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubrica

17、nt bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included. D2173.1.3 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid to formthe products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be

18、fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The generalrequirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming

19、 a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 automotive service grease, na lubricating greasesuitable for the periodic relubrication of serviceable-type,chassis components or wheel bearings of passenger cars,trucks, a

20、nd other vehicles and distinct from factory-fill greases(also known as initial-fill and OEM greases) initially installedby the original equipment manufacturer.3.2.2 category, nwith respect to automotive servicegrease, a designation, such as LB, GC, etc., for a given level ofperformance in standardiz

21、ed tests.3.2.3 chassis grease, nan automotive service grease usedto lubricate ball joints, steering pivots, universal joints, and,other lubrication points designated in the vehicle ownersservice guide.3.2.4 classification, n with respect to automotive servicegrease, the systematic arrangement into c

22、ategories according todiffering levels of performance.3.2.5 “G” category group, n automotive service greasesof such composition, properties, and performance characteris-tics as to be suitable for the service lubrication of those typesof wheel bearings that require periodic relubrication.3.2.6 “L” ca

23、tegory group, n automotive service greasesof such composition, properties, and performance characteris-tics as to be suitable for the service lubrication of those typesof suspension, steering, and drive-line components that requireperiodic relubrication.3.2.7 multipurpose grease, nan automotive serv

24、ice greasesuitable for both chassis and wheel bearing lubrication.3.2.7.1 DiscussionCommercial lubricating greases otherthan automotive service greases are often designated as mul-tipurpose greases.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials3.3.2 NLGINational Lubricating G

25、rease Institute3.3.3 SAESociety of Automotive Engineers4. Performance Classification64.1 Automotive service greases are classified into twogeneral groups. Those designated with an “L” prefix (chassisgreases) are intended for the service lubrication of ball joints,steering pivots, universal joints, a

26、nd other chassis componentsas designated by the equipment manufacturer. Those desig-nated with a “G” prefix are intended primarily for the servicelubrication of wheel bearings. These groups are further subdi-vided into categories with intended service applications asfollows:4.1.1 LAService typical o

27、f chassis components and uni-versal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles undermild duty only. Mild duty is encountered in vehicles operatedwith frequent relubrication in noncritical applications.4.1.2 LBService typical of chassis components and uni-versal joints in passenger cars, tr

28、ucks, and other vehicles undermild to severe duty. Severe duty is encountered in vehiclesoperated under conditions which might include prolongedrelubrication intervals, or high loads, severe vibration, expo-sure to water or other contaminants, etc.4.1.3 GAService typical of wheel bearings operating

29、inpassenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild duty.Mild duty is encountered in vehicles operated with frequentrelubrication in noncritical applications.4.1.4 GBService typical of wheel bearings operating inpassenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild tomoderate duty. Moderate duty

30、 is encountered in most vehiclesoperated under normal urban, highway, and off-highway ser-vice.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.5With respect to elastomer AMS 3217/2B, the elastomer specification has beensuperseded by AMS 3217/2C. Per SAE,

31、the 2A and 2B elastomers were identical,however the synthetic lubricant immersion fluid used to reference the elastomer hasbeen exchanged from ARM-200 to AMS 3021. Reference fluid AMS 3021 betterrepresents current market aviation fluids. Elastomers 2B and 2C were comparedusing NLGI GC-LB reference g

32、reases batch 1 and 2 and were found to give similarresults.6The letter designations for the grease categories and the correspondingPerformance Classification descriptions in Section 4 were developed by an ad hocpanel of the NLGI Literature Subcommittee in cooperation with ASTMD02.B0.04.02, (Subsecti

33、on on) Automotive Grease Specifications. Although thesedesignations and descriptions of the categories have been adopted in toto in thisstandard, the NLGI Literature Subcommittee retains jurisdiction over them aspublished in, “Chassis and Wheel Bearing Service Classification System,” availablefrom N

34、LGI, 249 SW Noel, Suite 249, Lees Summit, MO 64063. It is the intentionof Subcommittee D02.B0 to include in this standard future revisions to thesedescriptions providing they are deemed acceptable by ASTM.D4950 1424.1.5 GCService typical of wheel bearings operating inpassenger cars, trucks, and othe

35、r vehicles under mild to severeduty. Severe duty is encountered in certain vehicles operatedunder conditions resulting in high bearing temperatures. Thisincludes vehicles operated under frequent stop-and-go service(buses, taxis, urban police cars, etc), or under severe brakingservice (trailer towing

36、, heavy loading, mountain driving, etc.).5. Performance Description75.1 The performance characteristics of the several catego-ries of automotive service greases are described as follows:5.1.1 LAThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate chassiscomponents and universal joints where frequent relubricat

37、ionis practiced (at intervals of 3200 km or 2000 miles or less forpassenger cars). During its service life, the grease should resistoxidation and consistency degradation and protect the chassiscomponents and universal joints from corrosion and wearunder lightly loaded conditions. NLGI 2 consistency

38、greasesare commonly recommended, but other grades may also berecommended. (NLGI Consistency Numbers are shown inTable X1.1 of the appendix.)5.1.2 LBThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate chassiscomponents and universal joints at temperatures as low as40 C and at temperatures as high as 120 C over

39、 prolongedrelubrication intervals (more than 3200 km or 2000 miles forpassenger cars). During its service life, the grease should resistoxidation and consistency degradation while protecting thechassis components and universal joints from corrosion andwear even when aqueous contamination and heavily

40、 loadedconditions occur. NLGI 2 consistency greases are commonlyrecommended, but other grades may also be recommended.5.1.3 GAThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheelbearings over a limited temperature range. Many products ofthis type are limited to bearing temperatures of (20 to 70) C.No add

41、itional performance requirements are specified for thesegreases.5.1.4 GBThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheelbearings over a wide temperature range. The bearing tempera-tures may range down to 40 C, with frequent excursions to120 C and occasional excursions to 160 C. During its servicelife

42、, the grease shall resist oxidation, evaporation, and consis-tency degradation while protecting the bearings from corrosionand wear. NLGI 2 consistency greases are commonlyrecommended, but NLGI 1 or 3 grades may also be recom-mended.5.1.5 GCThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheelbearings ove

43、r a wide temperature range. The bearing tempera-tures may range down to 40 C, with frequent excursions to160 C and occasional excursions to 200 C. During its servicelife, the grease shall resist oxidation, evaporation, and consis-tency degradation while protecting the bearings from corrosionand wear

44、. NLGI No. 2 consistency greases are commonlyrecommended, but NLGI No. 1 or No. 3 grades may also berecommended.6. Performance Requirements76.1 The greases identified by these categories shall conformto the requirements listed in Table 1and Table 2.Aguide to therequirements of all the grease categor

45、ies is given in Table X1.2of the appendix.6.2 The consistency requirements in Table 1 and Table 2cover NLGI Consistency Numbers 1 through 3 (see TableX1.1). However, because the equipment manufacturers recom-mendations might be more restrictive, it is recommended thatgrease containers display the co

46、nsistency number as well as thegrease category designation.7The Performance Descriptions and Performance Requirements for the greasecategories, as described in Sections 5 and 6, were developed by ASTMD02.B0.04.02 in cooperation with the NLGI Literature Subcommittee. ASTMSubcommittee D02.B0 retains j

47、urisdiction over these descriptions (see Footnote 7).TABLE 1 “L” Chassis Grease CategoriesCategory Test PropertyAcceptanceLimitLA D217 Consistency, worked penetration, mm/10 220340AD566 or D2265 Dropping point, C, min 80D2266 Wear protection, scar diameter, mm, max 0.9D4289 Elastomer SAE AMS 3217/3B

48、 Compatibility:Volume change, percent 0 to 40Hardness change, Durometer-A points 15 to 0LB D217 Consistency, worked penetration, mm/10 220340AD566 or D2265 Dropping point, C, min 150D2266 Wear protection, scar diameter, mm, max 0.6D4289 Elastomer SAE AMS 3217/3B compatibility:Volume change, percent

49、0 to 40Hardness change, Durometer-A points 15 to 0D1742 Oil separation, mass percent, max 10D1743 Rust protection, rating, max PassD2596 EP performance:Load wear index, N (kgf), min 295 (30)Weld point, N (kgf), min 1960 (200)D4170 Fretting protection, mass loss, mg, max 10BD4693 Low-temperature performance, torque at 40 C, Nm, max 15.5AVehicle manufacturers requirement might be more restrictive; grease containers should display NLGI Consistency Number as well as category designation.BThe fretting wear requirement is significant in