ASTM D3775-2017e1 Standard Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics《机织物端(经)和纬(纬)数的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D3775 171Standard Test Method forEnd (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision

2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTEIn 6.2,(16-in.) was corrected to (116-in.) editorial

3、ly in March 2018.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp)and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of wovenfabrics.NOTE 1Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describethe end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms end count and pickcount are

4、replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.2.1 Throughout this document, there will be some in-stances in which the units do not convert 1:1. This is toacknowledge

5、that this is a global document and that differentparts of the world use different units of measurement. Organi-zations using the metric system wil report the count per 1 cm.Organizations using the English system will report the countper 1 in.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesa

6、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2For a current test method for the wale and course co

7、unt ofweft knitted fabrics, refer to Test Method D8007.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issu

8、ed by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD7023 Terminology Relating to

9、Home FurnishingsD8007 Test Method for Wale and Course Count of WeftKnitted Fabrics2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D48503.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this s

10、tandard:count, end, end count, filling, pick, pick count, thread count.3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, referto Terminology D7023.3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-ogy D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The number of ends per unit distance and picks pe

11、r unitdistance are determined using suitable magnifying and count-ing devices or by raveling yarns from fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because it has been usedextensively in the trade for t

12、hat purpose.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on FabricTest Methods, SpecificCurrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. ReplacesSections 28 to 34 of Methods D1910 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979. Lastprevious edition approved in 2012 as D

13、3775 12. DOI: 10.1520/D3775-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer tot he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Natio

14、nal Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio

15、n established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two la

16、boratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparativetest that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples

17、that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, eit

18、her its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with narrow fabricswhen the count across the total width is measured in the narrowdirection and extrapolated to the number

19、of yarns per centime-ter (inch).6. Apparatus6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule andpointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use ofoptical sensing equipment may be used as agreed upon by thepurchaser and supplier.6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm (116-in.) to measure th

20、edistance over which thread counts were taken.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be thepr

21、imary sampling units.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take a fullwidth swatch at least2m(2yd)long from each roll of fabricin the lot sample. Consider each designated place at which endcounts and pick counts are made as a test specimen.NOTE 3For specimens not obtained as directed in Secti

22、on 7, theresults should not be used for acceptance testing of a lot.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D1776.8.2 Fabrics woven from yarns having a relatively lowmoisture regain in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles,which is 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) and 65 6 5 % relat

23、ivehumidity, and which are not significantly affected by minorvariations in different atmospheric conditions, for example,nylons, acrylics, and polyesters, may be tested without precon-ditioning. Fabrics woven from yarns composed wholly or inpart from wool, rayon, cotton, or acetate are more sensiti

24、ve toatmospheric changes and must be conditioned prior to testing,except by agreement of all parties interested in the test results.8.3 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities,perform the test without conditioning and report the

25、 actualconditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles.9. Procedure9.1 General:9.1.1 Count the number of ends and picks in five randomlyspaced places diagonally across the width of th

26、e laboratorysampling unit. For specific distances to count, see 9.3.9.1.2 Round all counts to the nearest whole yarn containedin the distance counted.9.1.3 When two yarns are laid-in together and parallel,count each yarn separately, as a single unit, regardless ofwhether it is comprised of single or

27、 plied components.9.2 Specific Fabric Widths:9.2.1 For fabric widths of 100 cm (40 in.) or more, make nocount closer than 15 cm (6 in.) from the selvage edge, or within50 cm (20 in.) from the end of the roll or piece.9.2.2 For fabric widths of less than 100 cm (40 in.) butgreater than 12.5 cm (5 in.

28、), make no count closer than onetenth of the width of the fabric from the selvage edge, or within50 cm (20 in.) from the end of the roll or piece.9.2.3 For narrow fabrics constructed with widths of 12.5 cm(5 in.) or less, use the full width of the fabric, but make nocount within 50 cm (20 in.) from

29、the end of the roll or piece.9.3 Specific Fabric Counts:9.3.1 For fabrics containing 10 yarns per cm (25 yarns perin.) or more, count the ends over 2.5 cm (1 in.) of width in fivedifferent, randomly selected places across the width of thelaboratory sampling unit, and count the picks over a 2.5 cm (1

30、in.) length in five different, randomly selected places along thelength of the laboratory sampling unit.9.3.1.1 When the coefficient of variation for five counts ishigher than 5 %, make five additional counts and average theresults of the ten readings.9.3.2 For fabrics containing less than 10 yarns

31、per cm (25yarns per in.), count the number of ends over a 7.5 cm (3 in.)width, in five randomly selected places across the width of thelaboratory sampling unit, and count the number of picks overa 7.5 cm (3 in.) length in five randomly selected places alongthe length of the laboratory sampling unit.

32、9.3.2.1 When the coefficient of variation for five counts in a7.5 cm (3 in.) width is higher than 5 %, discard those readingsand make five fresh counts over a 12.5 cm (5 in.) width.9.3.3 In fancy weaves, where one or more yarns do notappear at regular, short intervals, make count measurementsover at

33、 least one full pattern repeat of each design in the weave.Count the number of ends over each design repeat in fivedifferent, randomly selected places across the width of thelaboratory sampling unit, and count the number of picks overeach design repeat in five different, randomly selected placesalon

34、g the length of the laboratory sampling unit. The repeatwidth and length shall be recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm (116in.).9.3.4 For narrow fabrics constructed with widths of 12.5 cm(5 in.) or less, count the number of ends in the full width of thefabric, and count the number of picks over a 2.5 cm (

35、1 in.)length in five different, randomly selected places along thelength of the laboratory sampling unit.D3775 17129.3.5 Record the distance (W) over which warp counts weretaken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.). Record the distance (L)over which filling counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116in.

36、).9.4 Count by Raveling OptionsWhen individual yarnscannot be readily distinguished visually for counting in afabric, one of the two alternative options shown below may beused.9.4.1 Ravel a piece of fabric parallel to the direction to becounted, obtain a straight edge, then ravel and count the yarns

37、in a 2.5 cm (1 in.) strip. For example, cut a strip of fabric fromeach randomly selected place, approximately 3.5 cm (1.5 in.)wide, and of practical length parallel to the yarns to be counted.Then ravel each strip to give a testing width of 2.5 cm (1 in.)by removing an approximately equal number of

38、yarns fromeach side, prior to counting.9.4.2 Make a straight cut through the fabric across the yarnsto be counted. Place a ruler along the cut edge and mark off a2.5 cm (1 in.) length. Count the number of yarns protrudingbetween the two marks. If possible, ravel a yarn or two, toensure that only pro

39、truding yarns are being counted.9.4.3 Record the distance (W) over which end counts weretaken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.). Record the distance (L)over which pick counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116in.).10. Calculation10.1 For each place counted, calculate, to the nearest wholenumber, th

40、e number of yarns per centimeter (inch), using thefollowing equations:CountswW 5 yarns/cm in.! (1)CountsLW 5 yarns/cm in.! (2)where:Countw= number of ends counted in the width direction,W = Distance over which end count was taken, cm(in.),CountL= number of picks counted in the length direction,andL

41、= distance over which pick count was taken, cm(in.).Examples:20 ends/0.6 cm = 33 ends/cm (3)100 picks/2.5 cm = 40 picks/cm (4)Note that counts reported in yarns/cm and those reported inyarns/in. may not be exact conversions and may have differ-ent levels of accuracy due to rounding.10.2 Calculate th

42、e average number of ends/cm (ends/in.) tothe nearest individual yarn for each roll and for the lot.10.3 Calculate the average number of picks/cm (picks/in.)to the nearest individual yarn for each roll and for the lot.10.4 When requested, calculate the thread count of thefabric as the sum of the end

43、and pick counts per cm (in.) to thenearest whole number for each roll and for the lot.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D3775. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Average numb

44、er of ends and picks per cm (in.)calculated to the nearest individual yarn; when stating thecount for the fabric, show the end count first followed by thepick count for each roll and for the lot. For example:Count 5 100 340 or 100 by 40NOTE 4The result is to be read as “one hundred by forty” not as

45、4000.11.2.2 Thread count for each roll and for the lot, whenrequested,11.2.3 Distance over which each count was taken, and thetotal yarns in each place counted,11.2.4 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconducted and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D1776.12

46、. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages of five obser-vations when measuring the end or pick count of a wovenfabric, the difference should not exceed about 0.42 ends orpicks/in. in 95 out of 100 cases when all the observations weretaken by the same well-trained operator using the s

47、ame piece ofequipment and specimens randomly drawn from the samesample of material. Larger differences are likely under all othercircumstances.12.2 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratory testwas run in 1981 in which randomly drawn specimens of fourmaterials were tested in each of four laborato

48、ries. Two opera-tors in each laboratory each tested two specimens of eachmaterial for both end count and pick count. The first fabric wasa 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton seersucker type basketweave. The second fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 %cotton gingham check. The third fabric was an 88 % cot

49、ton and12 % polyester corduroy. The fourth fabric was a 100 % cottondenim. The fabrics used in this interlaboratory study ranged incounts from 50 to 130 ends/in., and from 50 to 125 picks/in.The components of variance for end count and for pick countexpressed as standard deviations were calculated to be asfollows:Counts Single-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentSingle Material Compari-sons:End or Pick Counts 0.337 0.000 0.4584Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by reque