ASTM D2500-2016a Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels《石油产品和液体燃料的云点的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D2500 16D2500 16a British Standard 4458Standard Test Method forCloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method
3、 covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, andwith a cloud point below 49 C.NOTE 1The interlaboratory program consisted of petroleum products of Test Method D1500 color of 3.5 and lower. The precisions stated in this testmethod may not appl
4、y to samples with ASTM color higher than 3.5.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system,
5、kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.h
6、tmfor additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
7、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color S
8、cale)D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measurement DriftE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE1137
9、Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers2.2 Energy Institute Standard:3Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 biodiesel, na fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters
10、of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,designated B100.3.1.1.1 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by a reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in the1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on P
11、etroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016June 1, 2016. Published February 2016June 2016. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asD2500 11.D2500 16.
12、DOI: 10.1520/D2500-16.10.1520/D2500-16A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Ener
13、gy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to
14、 adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright
15、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1presence of a catalyst to yield mono-esters and glycerin. The fuel typically may contain up to 14 different types of fatty acids thatare chemically transformed into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
16、.3.1.2 biodiesel blend, na blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume% of biodiesel.3.1.3 cloud point, nin petroleum products and biodiesel fuels, the temperature of a liquid specimen when the smallestobservable cluster of hydrocarbonwax crystals
17、first occurs upon cooling under prescribed conditions.3.1.3.1 DiscussionTo many observers, the cluster of wax crystals looks like a patch of whitish or milky cloud, hence the name of the test method.The cloud appears when the temperature of the specimen is low enough to cause wax crystals to form. F
18、or many specimens, thecrystals first form at the lower circumferential wall of the test jar where the temperature is lowest. The size and position of thecloud or cluster at the cloud point varies depending on the nature of the specimen. Some samples will form large, easily observable,clusters, while
19、 others are barely perceptible.3.1.3.2 DiscussionUpon cooling to temperatures lower than the cloud point, clusters of crystals will grow in multiple directions; for example, aroundthe lower circumference of the test jar, towards the center of the jar, or vertically upwards. The crystals can develop
20、into a ringof cloud along the bottom circumference, followed by extensive crystallization across the bottom of the test jar as temperaturedecreases. Nevertheless, the cloud point is defined as the temperature at which the crystals first appear, not when an entire ringor full layer of wax has been fo
21、rmed at the bottom of the test jar.3.1.3.3 DiscussionIn general, it is easier to detect the cloud point of samples with large clusters that form quickly, such as paraffinic samples. Thecontrast between the opacity of the cluster and the liquid is also sharper. In addition, small brightly-reflective
22、spots can sometimesbe observed inside the cluster when the specimen is well illuminated. For other more difficult samples, such as naphthenic,hydrocracked, and those samples whose cold flow behavior have been chemically altered, the appearance of the first cloud can beless distinct. The rate of crys
23、tal growth is slow, the opacity contrast is weak, and the boundary of the cluster is more diffuse. Asthe temperature of these specimens decrease below the cloud point, the diffuse cluster will increase in size and can form a generalhaze throughout. A slight haze throughout the entire sample, which s
24、lowly becomes more apparent as the temperature of thespecimen decreases, can also be caused by traces of water in the specimen instead of crystal formation (see Note 5). With thesedifficult samples, drying the sample prior to testing can eliminate this type of interference.3.1.3.4 DiscussionThe purp
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