[外语类试卷]北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷8及答案与解析.doc

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1、北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Bird wings have a much more complex job to do than the wings of an airplane, for in addition to supporting the bird they must act as its engine, rowing it through the air. Even so the wing outline or a bird conforms to the same aerodynamic principl

2、es as those eventually discovered by people when designing airplanes, and if you know how different kinds of aircraft perform, you can predict the flight capabilities of similarly shaped birds. Short, stubby wings enable a tanager and other forest-living to swerve and dodge at speed through the unde

3、rgrowth, just as they helped the fighter planes of the Second World War to make tight turns and acrobatic maneuvers in a dog-fight. More modern fighters achieve greater speeds by sweeping back their wings while in flight, just as peregrines do when they go into a 130kph dive, swooping to a kill. Cha

4、mpionship gliders have long, thin wings so that, having gained height in a thermal up-current they can soar gently down for hours and an albatross, the largest of flying birds, with a similar wing shape and a span of 3 meters, can patrol the ocean for hours in the same way without a single wing beat

5、. Vultures and hawks circle at very slow speeds supported by a thermal and they have the broad rectangular wings that very slow-flying aircraft have. People have not been able to adapt wings to provide hovering flight. That has only been achieved with the whirling, horizontal blades of a helicopter

6、or the downward-pointing engines of a vertical landing jet. Hummingbirds have paralleled even this. They tilt their bodies so that they are almost upright and then beat their wings as fast as 80 times a second producing a similar downdraft of air. So the hummingbird can hover and even fly backwards.

7、 1 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Bird wings have to support the bird. （ B） Bird wings must act as the birds engine. （ C） Airplanes wings must act as the airplanes engine. （ D） Similar wing shapes in aircraft and birds produce similar flight capabilities. 2 Modern

8、fighter planes can be compared to_in the way they move. （ A） tanagers （ B） hawks （ C） peregrines （ D） hummingbirds 3 Which of the following birds beats its wings the least while flying? （ A） Redwing （ B） Albatross （ C） Parakeet （ D） Swallow 4 Why can the hummingbird hover and even fly backwards? （ A

9、） Because its wings are large enough. （ B） Because it can tilt its body. （ C） Because it has whirling and horizontal blades like a helicopter. （ D） Because it can produce down-draft of air by beating their wings very fast. 5 Whats the main idea of the passage? （ A） Bird wings are more complex than a

10、irplane wings. （ B） People design airplane by looking at the wing shapes of birds. （ C） How can we make the airplane wings more efficient. （ D） The wings of birds and airplanes conform to the same aerodynamic principles. 5 Security and commodity exchanges are trading posts where people meet who wish

11、 to buy and sell. The exchanges themselves do no trading, they merely provide a place where prospective buyers and sellers can meet and conduct their business. Wall Street, although the best known, is not home of exchanges in the United States. There are the cotton exchanges in New Orleans and Chica

12、go; the Mercantile Exchange which deals in many farm products in Chicago; and grain exchanges in many of the large cities of the Midwest. Some exchanges, like Chicago Board of Trade, provide market services for several kinds of products. These trading posts where products may be brought or sold are

13、called commodity exchanges. The security exchanges, on the other hand, are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded. Like the commodity exchanges, they help serve the economic life of the country. But when their operations get out of hand, they may become very dangerous. In 1929, the securit

14、y exchange, or stock market, contributed to a crash a sudden sharp decline in the value of securities. Many people lost fortunes; many corporations were bankrupted; many workers lost their jobs. The crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes, among them wild and unwise speculation by many peop

15、le and dishonest practices on the part of some business and of some members of the exchanges. Today, however, investing through security exchanges and trading on commodity exchanges has been made safer by regulations set up by the exchanges themselves and by regulations of the United States governme

16、nt. In 1922, the government instituted the Commodity Exchange Commission which operates through the Department of agriculture; and in 1934, the Securities Exchange Commission, to protect investors and the public against dishonest practices on the exchanges. 6 Security and commodity exchanges are mee

17、ting places for buyers and sellers of_. （ A） stocks （ B） securities （ C） products （ D） all of the above 7 A sudden, sharp decline in the value of securities is called_. （ A） a trade （ B） speculation （ C） investment （ D） a crash 8 Which of the following is the reason for the Crash in 1929? （ A） High

18、taxation for trade. （ B） Tricks of some businessman. （ C） Speculation of some people. （ D） Strict regulation of the state. 9 Investing in securities has been safer by the_. （ A） Chicago Mercantile Exchange （ B） Chicago Board of Trade （ C） Securities Exchange Commission （ D） Commodity Exchange 10 The

19、 passage suggests that_. （ A） buying and selling securities is dishonest （ B） investing in securities is unwise （ C） some exchanges provide market services for several kinds of products （ D） the government has been playing an important role in controlling dishonest practices on the exchanges 10 Almo

20、st since the beginning of mankind,governments have been recording the numbers of their populace. The first known census report took place in 3,800 B. C. in Babylonia for the purpose of deciding who should pay taxes. As time went by,governments found other,more creative uses for knowing their numbers

21、. Egyptian King Ramses II used the census not only to determine who should pay taxes,but also to figure out how to divide land for farming and to decide who could provide manpower for various government projects. These new ideas came about in the mid-1200s-B.C. William the Conqueror brought the conc

22、ept of census taking to England in 1085. All landowners were required to name their holdings for the purpose of taxation. By the fifteenth century,Tudor kings found a new twist to the Egyptians use of the census. They too used the population count as a means of getting ready manpower for important g

23、overnment project, s namely,replenishing troops in the ongoing battles in western Europe. A rebellious tide swept over England,however,in the mid-1700s. A bill to authorize a regular census was defeated in Parliament on the grounds that it would give valuable information to Englands enemies. But the

24、 tide of rebellion soon turned,and in 1800 England established its first regular census. Meanwhile the United States had already had an ongoing census for ten years. It was authorized in the Constitution for the purpose of deciding how many members of Congress would be needed for a fair representati

25、on of the American people. The constitutional article also established that the census would be taken in 1790 and every ten years thereafter. And so it has. Since its beginning,the American census has gone through many changes. Today the census provides more than a count of the people who live here.

26、 It takes polls on transportation,economic planning, and agriculture. The census also provides data for most government agency statistics,such as the unemployment rate. Counting costs have risen since 1790. The government spent about a penny per person to count pest-Revolutionary Americans. Today th

27、e census costs $ 250 million-more than a dollar per person. Thats a long way since 3800 B. C. 11 The first known census report took place in Babylonia in_. （ A） 1085 （ B） 1200 B.C. （ C） 3800 B.C. （ D） 1790 12 The first census was created for the sole purpose of_. （ A） counting available troops （ B）

28、dividing farmland （ C） providing manpower （ D） taxing the populace 13 The American census today costs the government approximately_. （ A） $ 0. 0/person （ B） $ 0. 10/person （ C） $1. 00/person （ D） $ 10. 00/person 14 Parliament defeated a bill authorizing a regular census because it_. （ A） might give

29、valuable news to England （ B） would give Englands enemies cause for rebellion （ C） would be too expensive （ D） might disclose information to England s enemies 15 The author implies the American census is_. （ A） relatively inexpensive to conduct （ B） important to various government branches （ C） an e

30、xact count of the citizenry （ D） fairly expensive before 1790 15 It didnt happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries. Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes burn as they focus through

31、murky air,but when the air clears,we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution. Todays air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires

32、 goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust,salt spray,herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic

33、matter,gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously,they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences. Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a

34、complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know,however,that sulfur dioxide,fluorides,and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants. Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants w

35、ill show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response depends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors,such as the trees stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source,the amount of pollutant,and the length

36、 of the pollution attack also play a part. In short,whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a combination of host and envimnmental factors. For the most part,air pollutants injure trees. To conifers,which have year-round needles,air pollution causes early balding. In this

37、event,trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of insects,diseases,and other environmental stresses. Death often follows. Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves are borne only for a

38、partion of the year and are replaced the following year.air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe. 16 The author attributes todays air pollution to_. （ A） the growth of civilization （ B） man s carelessness （ C） environmental imbalance （ D） some mysterious cause 17 The resistance of some

39、 trees to disease can be traced to_. （ A） protective foliage （ B） thick bark （ C） genetic makeup （ D） tainted air 18 Air pollution causes the most c-amage to_. （ A） hardwoods （ B） conifers （ C） fruit trees （ D） fluorides 19 The author implies that the greatest source of pollution is_. （ A） heavy ind

40、ustry （ B） chemical processing plants （ C） urban expansion （ D） salt spray 20 We can conclude that_. （ A） air pollution is easier to control than water pollution （ B） the problem of polluted air is a problem overnight （ C） the impact of air pollution has been known for centuries （ D） research on the

41、 efforts of air pollution is incomplete 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 The statement was an allusion to recent troubles with the agencys computers. （ A） an explanation （ B） a contradiction （ C） a reference （ D） a rejection 22 A judge who is lenient will not punish people severely. （ A） merciful （ B）

42、 loose （ C） sincere （ D） lunatic 23 A balmy breeze came in and made us all feel refreshed. （ A） gentle （ B） strong （ C） warm （ D） fairy 24 There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not. （ A） incisive （ B） infertile （ C） allergic （ D） communicable 25 The po

43、em admirably expresses complicated nuance of feeling. （ A） annoyance （ B） innocence （ C） slight difference （ D） great nuisance 26 They believed that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nations economic independence. （ A） uphold （ B） minimize （ C） weaken （ D） postpone 27 Miss Black,all heir

44、to a large fortune,is serving a life term. （ A） sentence （ B） conviction （ C） duty （ D） office 28 When doing business with an Arab,you have to endure hours of small talk,waiting for the topic of commerce to be broached, （ A） raised （ B） broken （ C） solved （ D） concluded 29 The ink had faded with tim

45、e and so parts of the letter were illegible. （ A） illiterate （ B） illegitimate （ C） inscrutable （ D） indecipherable 30 The process of respiration consists of two independent actions: inhaling and exhaling. （ A） speaking （ B） reciting （ C） smelling （ D） breathing 31 A briefcase full of counterfeit mo

46、ney was found on the counter. （ A） forged （ B） currency （ C） substituted （ D） cash 32 I hate to see the repulsive sights in commercials about cold remedies. （ A） soothing （ B） hypocritical （ C） loathsome （ D） deceitful 33 Every_of a motion picture is the responsibility of the director. （ A） section

47、（ B） facet （ C） character （ D） footage 34 The criminal_past a guard and managed to escape. （ A） stormed （ B） sneezed （ C） sneaked （ D） stole 35 Future scientific discoveries will make possible the further prolongation of the human life_. （ A） condition （ B） well-being （ C） pursuit （ D） span 36 The s

48、port of wrestling tests_, strength,and stamina. （ A） agility （ B） coordination （ C） tactics （ D） courage 37 The travelers were_into silence by the Sight of a distant mountain. （ A） enlivened （ B） awed （ C） forced （ D） frightened 38 What is missing from TV news_would fill a book. （ A） coverage （ B） d

49、issemination （ C） declaration （ D） consultation 39 English_in idioms,and so does Chinese. （ A） caters （ B） exists （ C） remains （ D） abounds 40 The university has sought to_a special fund for physically disabled students. （ A） administer （ B） compliment （ C） perform （ D） institute 三、 Cloze 40 There is a story of a very wicked man who dies. Before he died, he was【 C1】_the worst because there were【 C2】 _sins he had not committed. But when he woke up in the next【 C3】 _he fo