ASTM C346-1987(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials《陶瓷材料制45度镜面光泽度的试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C 346 87 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method for45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEKeywords were added editorially in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specu-lar gloss
3、of porcelain enameled specimens, but may be appli-cable to other specimens having similar reflection characteris-tics. This test method may be used to compare the gloss ofporcelain enameled specimens or to provide an index of acid orabrasion resistance by measurement of gloss loss.NOTE 1Specular glo
4、ss is one of several related appearance attributesthat produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular glossmeasurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings ofglossiness.NOTE 2Improved correlations with visual judgments can sometimesbe achieved by the use of instruments
5、 with different geometries than thosespecified herein. Refer to Test Method D 523 for 20, 60, and 85-deggeometries. Values generally cannot be predicated for one geometry frommeasurements made with another.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 523 Test Method for Specular GlossE 97 Method of Test for Direct
7、ional Reflectance Factor,45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-BandFilter Reflectometry33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 specular glossratio of reflected to incident light,times 1000, for specified apertures of illumination and recep-tion when the axis of reception coincides with the mirror
8、imageof the axis of illumination.NOTE 3In this operational definition, the quantity defined as speculargloss is composed of surface-reflected and body-reflected components.For some low-gloss measurements, an approximate evaluation of thesurface-reflected component of specular gloss may be required (
9、seeSection 9).3.1.2 45-deg specular glossfraction of visible light inci-dent upon the specimens at 45 to the normal that is reflectedin the direction of mirror reflection.NOTE 4Under ideal conditions, the incident beam should consist ofparallel light, and only light reflected in the true direction o
10、f mirrorreflection should be accepted for measurement.3.1.3 source apertureangular size (solid angle) of thelight source (lamp filament, if an incandescent source is used)measured from the center of the incident beam lens.3.1.4 receptor apertureangular size (solid angle) of thereceptor window, measu
11、red from the center of the receptorlens.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method may be used to compare the gloss ofporcelain enamel, ceramic, and other finishes or to provide acomparison of their resistance to attack from acid, alkali, orother environmental factors by measurement of gloss loss.5
12、. Apparatus5.1 Instrumental ComponentsThe apparatus shall consistof an incandescent light source and lens furnishing an incidentbeam of rays of required aperture, means for locating thesurface of the specimen, and a receptor located to receive therequired pyramid of rays reflected from the specimen.
13、 Thereceptor shall be a photosensitive device having maximumresponse near the middle of the visible region of the spectrum.5.2 Geometric ConditionsThe axis of the incident beamshall be 45 from the perpendicular to the specimen surface.The axis of the receptor beam shall be coincident with themirror
14、image of the axis of the incident beam. A flat piece ofpolished black glass in the specimen position shall form an1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 onMaterials for Porcelain Enam
15、el and Ceramic-Metal Systems, and is based on the“Gloss Test for Porcelain Enamels,” Bulletin T-18, of the Porcelain Enamel Institute,1111 N. 19th St., Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22209.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1954. Last previous edition ap
16、proved in 1998 as C 346 87 (1998)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright AST
17、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.image of the source in the center of the receptor window. Theangular dimensions of the source and receptor shall be asspecified below:AperturesIn Plane ofMeasurement,AdegPerpendicular to Planeof Meas
18、urement,AdegSource 1.4 6 0.4 3.0 6 1.0Receiver 8.0 6 0.1 10.0 6 0.2A“Plane of measurement” is the plane containing axes of illuminating andviewing beams.6. Specular Gloss Standards6.1 Specular Gloss StandardsPrimary working standardsshall be highly polished, plane, black-glass surfaces, or sur-faces
19、 of liquids for which the gloss is calculated from the angleof incidence and the refractive index of the material by usingFresnels equation. Polished black glass of refractive index1.540 shall be assigned a 45-deg specular gloss value of 55.9.For the usual variation of refractive index of black glas
20、s, achange in index of 0.001 changes the gloss reading by 0.14.6.2 Secondary Working StandardsSecondary workingstandards of ceramic tile, glass, porcelain enamel, or othermaterials having hard and uniform surfaces may be calibratedfrom the primary standards on a glossmeter determined to be instrict
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