ASTM C1625-2012 Standard Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry《用热电离质谱法测定铀和钚浓度和其同位素丰度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM C1625-2012 Standard Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry《用热电离质谱法测定铀和钚浓度和其同位素丰度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C1625-2012 Standard Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry《用热电离质谱法测定铀和钚浓度和其同位素丰度的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C1625 12Standard Test Method forUranium and Plutonium Concentrations and IsotopicAbundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the con-centration and isotopic composit
3、ion of uranium and plutoniumin solutions. The purified uranium or plutonium from samplesranging from nuclear materials to environmental or bioassaymatrices is loaded onto a mass spectrometric filament. Theisotopic ratio is determined by thermal ionization mass spec-trometry, the concentration is det
4、ermined by isotope dilution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standa
5、rd to establish safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C753 Specification for Nuclear-Grade, Sinterable UraniumDioxide PowderC757 Specification for Nuclear-Grade Plutonium DioxidePowder, Sinterable
6、C776 Specification for Sintered Uranium Dioxide PelletsC833 Specification for Sintered (Uranium-Plutonium) Di-oxide PelletsC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC1008 Specification for Sintered (Uranium-Plutonium) Di-oxide PelletsFast Reactor FuelC1068 Guide for Qualification of Measurement
7、Methods bya Laboratory Within the Nuclear IndustryC1156 Guide for Establishing Calibration for a Measure-ment Method Used to Analyze Nuclear Fuel Cycle Mate-rialsC1168 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Pluto-nium Materials for AnalysisC1347 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Urani
8、umMaterials for AnalysisC1411 Practice for The Ion Exchange Separation of Ura-nium and Plutonium Prior to Isotopic AnalysisC1415 Test Method for238Pu IsotopicAbundance ByAlphaSpectrometryC1614 Practice for the Determination of237Np,232Th,235Uand238U in Urine by Inductively Coupled Plasma-MassSpectro
9、metry (ICP-MS) and Gamma Ray SpectrometryD3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water2.2 Other DocumentsInternational Target Values 2010 for Measurement Uncer-tainties in Safeguarding Nuclear Materials33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of pertinent terms not listed here, seeTerminology C8
10、59.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)isotoperatio measurements, using mass spectrometry, of samplesspiked with accurately known weights of individual lowabundance isotopes (adapted from Practice C1614).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The u
11、ranium and plutonium are separated from eachother and purified from other elements by selective extraction,anion exchange (such as in C1411) or extraction chromatog-raphy. The uranium and plutonium fractions are individuallymounted on filaments of rhenium, tungsten, or tantalum, andare analyzed by t
12、hermal ionization mass spectrometry todetermine the relative abundance of the isotopes. If a known233Uor242Pu (or244Pu) spike is added prior to chemicalseparation the corresponding elemental concentration may alsobe determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).5. Significance and Use5.1 U
13、ranium and plutonium oxides can be used as a nuclear-reactor fuel in the form of pellets. In order to be suitable for use1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeC26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods ofTest.Current edition app
14、roved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C162505. DOI: 10.1520/C1625-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
15、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3K. Zhao et. al., “International Target Values 2010 for Measurement Uncertain-ties in Safeguarding Nuclear Materials,” International Atomic Energy AgencySTR-368, 2010.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
16、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.as a nuclear fuel the starting material must meet certainspecifications, such as found in Specifications C757, C833,C753, C776, C1008, or as specified by the purchaser. Theuranium and/or plutonium concentration and isotopic abun-dances a
17、re measured by mass spectrometry following this testmethod.5.2 The separated heavy element fractions placed on massspectrometric filaments must be very pure. The quantityrequired depends upon the sensitivity of the instrument detec-tion system. If an electron multiplier detector is to be used,only a
18、 few nanograms are required. If a Faraday cup is used, afew micrograms are needed. Chemical purity of the samplebecomes more important as the sample size decreases, becauseion emission of the sample is suppressed by impurities.6. Interferences6.1 Uranium-238 and238Pu interfere in the measurement ofe
19、ach other, and241Am interferes with the measurement of241Pu, thereby requiring chemical separation. Removal ofimpurities provides uniform ionization of uranium or pluto-nium, hence improved precision, and reduces the interferencefrom molecular species of the same mass number as theuranium or plutoni
20、um isotopes being measured. Isotopic analy-sis of plutonium should be completed within a reasonable timeperiod (approximately 20 days) after separation from ameri-cium to minimize interference of241Am ingrowth from241Pu.6.2 Extreme care must be taken to avoid contamination ofthe sample by environmen
21、tal uranium. The level of uraniumcontamination should be measured by analyzing an aliquot of8M nitric acid as a reagent blank and calculating the amount ofuranium it contains.6.3 When238Pu is present in low abundance it may benecessary to measure it by alpha-spectrometry following TestMethod C1415 o
22、r Practice D3084.7. Apparatus7.1 Mass SpectrometerThe suitability of mass spectrom-eters for use with this test method of analysis shall be evaluatedby means of performance tests described in this test method.The mass spectrometer used should possess the followingcharacteristics:7.1.1 A thermal ioni
23、zation source with single or multiplefilaments of rhenium, tungsten or tantalum.7.1.2 An analyzer radius sufficient to resolve adjacentmasses in the mass-to-charge range being studied, that is, m/z= 233 to 238 for U+or 238 to 244 for Pu+. Abundancesensitivity must be great enough to detect one part
24、of236Uin400 parts235U.7.1.3 Aminimum of one stage of magnetic deflection. Sincethe resolution is not affected, the angle of deflection may varywith the instrument design.7.1.4 A mechanism for changing samples.7.1.5 A direct-current (Faraday cup) or electron multiplierdetector, as a single detector s
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