ASTM C143 C143M-2010a Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete《水硬性水泥混凝土坍落度的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C143/C143M 10aStandard Test Method forSlump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C143/C143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of slump ofhydrauli

3、c-cement concrete, both in the laboratory and in thefield.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemsha

4、ll be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be con

5、sideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l

6、imitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC138/C138M Test Method for

7、Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC670 Practi

8、ce for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed andcompacted by rodding in a mold shaped as the frustum of acone. The mold is raised, and the concrete allowed to subside.The vertical di

9、stance between the original and displacedposition of the center of the top surface of the concrete ismeasured and reported as the slump of the concrete.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with aprocedure to determine slump of plastic hydraulic-cementconcretes.

10、NOTE 1This test method was originally developed to provide atechnique to monitor the consistency of unhardened concrete. Underlaboratory conditions, with strict control of all concrete materials, theslump is generally found to increase proportionally with the water contentof a given concrete mixture

11、, and thus to be inversely related to concretestrength. Under field conditions, however, such a strength relationship isnot clearly and consistently shown. Care should therefore be taken inrelating slump results obtained under field conditions to strength.4.2 This test method is considered applicabl

12、e to plasticconcrete having coarse aggregate up to 112 in. 37.5 mm insize. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 112 in. 37.5 mm insize, the test method is applicable when it is performed on thefraction of concrete passing a 112-in. 37.5-mm sieve, with thelarger aggregate being removed in accordanc

13、e with the sectiontitled “Additional Procedure for Large Maximum Size Aggre-gate Concrete” in Practice C172.4.3 This test method is not considered applicable to non-plastic and non-cohesive concrete.NOTE 2Concretes having slumps less than12 in. 15 mm may not beadequately plastic and concretes having

14、 slumps greater than about 9 in.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in

15、1922. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C143/C143M10.DOI: 10.1520/C0143_C0143M-10a.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer

16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

17、19428-2959, United States.230 mm may not be adequately cohesive for this test to have signifi-cance. Caution should be exercised in interpreting such results.5. Apparatus5.1 MoldThe test specimen shall be formed in a moldmade of metal not readily attacked by the cement paste. Themetal shall not be t

18、hinner than 0.060 in. 1.5 mm and ifformed by the spinning process, there shall be no point on themold at which the thickness is less than 0.045 in. 1.15 mm.The mold shall be in the form of the lateral surface of thefrustum of a cone with the base 8 in. 200 mm in diameter, thetop 4 in. 100 mm in diam

19、eter, and the height 12 in. 300 mm.Individual diameters and heights shall be within 618 in. 3mm of the prescribed dimensions. The base and the top shallbe open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axisof the cone. The mold shall be provided with foot pieces andhandles similar to tho

20、se shown in Fig. 1. The mold shall beconstructed without a seam. The interior of the mold shall berelatively smooth and free from projections. The mold shall befree from dents, deformation, or adhered mortar. A mold whichclamps to a nonabsorbent base plate is acceptable instead of theone illustrated

21、, provided the clamping arrangement is such thatit can be fully released without movement of the mold and thebase is large enough to contain all of the slumped concrete inan acceptable test.5.1.1 Check and record conformance to the molds specifieddimensions when it is purchased or first placed in se

22、rvice andat least annually thereafter.5.1.2 Mold with alternative materials.5.1.2.1 Molds other than metal are allowed if the followingrequirements are met: The mold shall meet the shape, height,and internal dimensional requirements of 5.1. The mold shallbe sufficiently rigid to maintain the specifi

23、ed dimensions andtolerances during use, resistant to impact forces, and shall benonabsorbent. The mold shall be demonstrated to provide testresults comparable to those obtained when using a metal moldmeeting the requirements of 5.1. Comparability shall bedemonstrated on behalf of the manufacturer by

24、 an independenttesting laboratory. Test for comparability shall consist of notless than 10 consecutive pairs of comparisons performed ateach of 3 different slumps ranging from 2 to 8 in. 50 to 200mm (Note 3). No individual test results shall vary by morethan 0.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained using t

25、he metal mold.The average test results of each slump range obtained using themold constructed of alternative material shall not vary by morethan 0.25 in. 6 mm from the average of test results obtainedusing the metal mold. Manufacturer comparability test datashall be available to users and laboratory

26、 inspection authorities(Note 4). If any changes in material or method of manufactureare made, tests for comparability shall be repeated.NOTE 3The phrase “consecutive pairs of comparisons” does not meanwithout interruption or all in one day. At a schedule selected by the testingentity, the pairs of t

27、ests leading to 10 consecutive pairs may be accom-plished in small groups. The word “consecutive” prevents ignoring pairsof tests which may not meet the criteria.NOTE 4Because the slump of concrete decreases with time and highertemperatures, it will be advantageous for the comparability tests to bep

28、erformed by alternating the use of metal cones and alternative materialcones, to utilize several technicians, and to minimize the time between testprocedures.5.1.2.2 If the condition of any individual mold is suspectedof being out of tolerance from the as manufactured condition,a single comparative

29、test shall be performed. If the test resultsdiffer by more than 0.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained usingthe metal mold, the mold shall be removed from service.5.2 Tamping RodA round, smooth, straight steel rod, witha58 in. 16 mm 6116 in. 2 mm diameter. The length of thetamping rod shall be at least 4

30、 in. 100 mm greater than thedepth of the mold in which rodding is being performed, but notgreater than 24 in. 600 mm in overall length (Note 5). The rodshall have the tamping end or both ends rounded to ahemispherical tip of the same diameter as the rod.NOTE 5A rod length of 16 in. 400 mm to 24 in.

31、600 mm meets therequirements of the following: Practice C31/C31M, Test Method C138/C138M, Test Method C143/C143M, Test Method C173/C173M, and TestMethod C231.5.3 Measuring DeviceA ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid length measuring instrumentmarked in increments of14

32、in. 5 mm or smaller. Theinstruement length shall be at least 12 in. 300 mm.5.4 Scoopof a size large enough so each amount ofconcrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representa-tive and small enough so it is not spilled during placement inthe mold.Dimensional Unitsin.1161812 13318 4812mm 2 3

33、 15 25 75 80 100 200 300FIG. 1 Mold for Slump TestC143/C143M 10a26. Sample6.1 The sample of concrete from which test specimens aremade shall be representative of the entire batch. It shall beobtained in accordance with Practice C172.7. Procedure7.1 Dampen the mold and place it on a rigid, flat, leve

34、l,moist, nonabsorbent surface, free of vibration, and that is largeenough to contain all of the slumped concrete. It shall be heldfirmly in place during filling and perimeter cleaning by theoperator standing on the two foot pieces or by a clampingarrangement to a base plate as described in 5.1. From

35、 thesample of concrete obtained in accordance with Section 6,immediately fill the mold in three layers, each approximatelyone third the volume of the mold (See Note 6). Place theconcrete in the mold using the scoop described in 5.4. Movethe scoop around the perimeter of the mold opening to ensurean

36、even distribution of the concrete with minimal segregation.NOTE 6One third of the volume of the slump mold fills it to a depthof 258 in. 70 mm; two thirds of the volume fills it to a depth of 618 in.160 mm.7.2 Rod each layer 25 times uniformly over the crosssection with the rounded end of the rod. F

37、or the bottom layer,this will necessitate inclining the rod slightly and makingapproximately half of the strokes near the perimeter, and thenprogressing with vertical strokes spirally toward the center.Rod the bottom layer throughout its depth. For each upperlayer, allow the rod to penetrate through

38、 the layer being roddedand into the layer below approximately 1 in. 25 mm.7.3 In filling and rodding the top layer, heap the concreteabove the mold before rodding is started. If the roddingoperation results in subsidence of the concrete below the topedge of the mold, add additional concrete to keep

39、an excess ofconcrete above the top of the mold at all times. After the toplayer has been rodded, strike off the surface of the concrete bymeans of a screeding and rolling motion of the tamping rod.Continue to hold the mold down firmly and remove concretefrom the area surrounding the base of the mold

40、 to precludeinterference with the movement of slumping concrete. Removethe mold immediately from the concrete by raising it carefullyin a vertical direction. Raise the mold a distance of 12 in. 300mm in 5 6 2 s by a steady upward lift with no lateral ortorsional motion. Complete the entire test from

41、 the start of thefilling through removal of the mold without interruption andcomplete it within an elapsed time of 212 min.7.4 Immediately measure the slump by determining thevertical difference between the top of the mold and thedisplaced original center of the top surface of the specimen. Ifa deci

42、ded falling away or shearing off of concrete from oneside or portion of the mass occurs (Note 7), disregard the testand make a new test on another portion of the sample.NOTE 7If two consecutive tests on a sample of concrete show afalling away or shearing off of a portion of the concrete from the mas

43、s ofthe specimen, the concrete probably lacks necessary plasticity andcohesiveness for the slump test to be applicable.8. Report8.1 Report the slump in terms of inches millimetres to thenearest14 in. 5 mm of subsidence of the specimen during thetest.9. Precision and Bias49.1 PrecisionThe estimates o

44、f precision for this testmethod are based upon results from tests conducted in Fay-etteville, Arkansas by 15 technicians from 14 laboratoriesrepresenting 3 states. All tests at 3 different slump ranges, from1.0 in. 25 mm to 6.5 in. 160 mm, were performed using oneload of truck-mixed concrete. The co

45、ncrete was delivered andtested at a low slump, with water then being added and mixedinto the remaining concrete to independently produce moderateand finally high-slump concrete. The concrete mixture thatused a No. 67 crushed limestone aggregate and a washed riversand, contained 500 lb of cementitiou

46、s materials per cubic yard297 kg of cementitious material per cubic metre. The 500 lb227 kg were equally divided between a C150, Type I/IIcement and a Class C fly ash. A double dosage of a chemicalretarder was used in an attempt to minimize slump losses andmaintain workability of the concrete. Concr

47、ete temperaturesranged from 86 to 93 F 30 to 34 C. Slump losses averaged0.68 in. 17 mm during the 20 min required to perform a seriesof 6 tests at 1 slump range. Testing was performed alternatelyusing metal and plastic molds, which were determined toproduce comparable results. Precision data thus ap

48、plies to bothmetal and plastic molds. A total of 270 slump tests wereperformed.9.1.1 Inch-Pound SIThe data used to develop the pre-cision statement were obtained using metric units (millime-tres). The precision values shown in inch-pound units areconversions from the millimetre measurements, which w

49、ererecorded to the nearest 1 mm.9.1.2 Measure of VariabilityThe standard deviation wasdetermined to be the most consistent measure of variability andwas found to vary with the slump value.9.1.3 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation represented by (1s) is shown in Table 1 byaverage slump values. The reported results for the replicate4The test data used to develop this precision statement were based on testsperformed in September 1997.