ASTM A975-2011 Standard Specification for Double&x2013 Twisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and Revet Mattresses (Metallic-Coated Steel Wire or Metallic-Coated Steel Wire With Poly(Vinyl.pdf

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1、Designation: A975 11Standard Specification forDoubleTwisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and RevetMattresses (Metallic-Coated Steel Wire or Metallic-CoatedSteel Wire With Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Coating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A975; the number immediately following the desi

2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers gabi

3、ons and revet mattressesproduced from double-twisted metallic-coated wire mesh, andmetallic-coated wire for lacing wire, stiffeners, and fastenersused for manufacturing, assembling, and installation of theproduct. This specification also covers gabions and revetmattresses in which the wire mesh, lac

4、ing wire, and stiffenersare poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coated after the metallic coat-ing.1.2 Double-twisted wire mesh for gabions and revet mat-tresses is produced in different styles, based on type of coating,as described in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestan

5、dard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.5 The following saf

6、ety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety andhea

7、lth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring WireA370 Test M

8、ethods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA428/A428M Test Method forWeight Mass of Coating onAluminum-Coated Iron or Steel ArticlesA641/A641M Specification for ZincCoated (Galvanized)Carbon Steel WireA764 Specification for Metallic Coated Carbon Steel Wire,Coated at Size and Draw

9、n to Size for Mechanical SpringsA809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel WireA856/A856M Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Carbon Steel WireA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-uctsB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparat

10、usD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1242 Test Methods for Resistance of Plastic

11、 Materials toAbrasion3D1499 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)33.

12、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology A902 for general terminologyrelating to metallic-coated steel products.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 double-twisted wire mesh, na nonraveling meshmade by twisting continuous pairs of wires through threeone-half turns (c

13、ommonly called double-twisted) to form1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally

14、approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 asA975 - 97(2003). DOI:10.1520/A0975-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum

15、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.hexagonal-shaped openings which are then interconnecte

16、d toadjacent wires to form hexagonal openings.3.2.2 edge wire, na terminal wire used to edge the wiremesh parallel to the double twist by continuously weaving itinto the wire mesh.3.2.3 fastener, nan alternate method to lacing wire usedfor binding operations for gabions and revet mattresses.3.2.4 ga

17、bion, na double-twisted wire mesh container ofvariable sizes, uniformly partitioned into internal cells, inter-connected with other similar units, and filled with stone at theproject site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic structuressuch as retaining walls, sea wall, channel linings, revetments

18、,and weirs for erosion control projects (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).3.2.5 lacing wire, nfor gabions and revet mattresses,ametallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coated steel wire withPVC coating used to assemble and interconnect empty units, toclose and secure stone-filled units, and for internal stiffe

19、ners.3.2.6 revet mattress, na double-twisted wire mesh con-tainer uniformly partitioned into internal cells with relativelysmall height in relation to other dimensions, having smallermesh openings than the mesh used for gabions; revet mat-tresses are generally used for riverbank protection and chann

20、ellinings (see Fig. 3).3.2.7 selvedge wire, na terminal wire used to edge thewire mesh perpendicular to the double twist by mechanicallywrapping the mesh wires around it at least 2.5 times or byinserting it throughout the twists and folding one mesh length.3.2.8 stiffener, nfor gabions, a length of

21、metallic-coatedsteel wire or metallic-coated steel wire with PVC coating usedfor support of facing by connecting the front panel to the backpanel of a gabion (stiffener formed at the project site using wirehaving the same diameter as for the lacing wire (see Table 1)or across the corners of a gabion

22、 cell (preformed stiffenerhaving a diameter as specified in Table 1).3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 PVCpoly(vinyl chloride).3.3.2 Zn-5A1-MMzinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy.4. Classification4.1 Double-twisted wire gabions and revet mattresses areclassified according to coating, as follows:4.1.1 Style 1, c

23、onsists of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is zinc coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are producedfrom zinc-coated wire.4.1.2 Style 2, consists of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is coated with Zn-5A1-MM before beingdouble-tw

24、isted into mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffenersare also produced from Zn-5A1-MM coated wire.4.1.3 Style 3, consists of double-twisted mesh, lacing wire,and stiffeners as Style 1 and overcoated with PVC. Fastenersshall be of stainless steel wire.4.1.4 Style 4, consists of double-twisted mesh

25、made fromwire which is aluminum-coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are alsoproduced from aluminum-coated wire.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 Quantity (number of units)

26、as shown on plan,5.1.2 Product type (gabions or revet mattresses),5.1.3 Size (length by width by height),5.1.4 Style of coating (Section 4), including the specificstyle to be furnished, or all acceptable styles,5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Any special requirements (see 8.2.5), and5

27、.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 15).NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 100 gabions, 2 by1by1mor(6by3by3ft), 100 revet mattresses 4 by 2 by 0.23 m or (12by 6 by 0.75 ft) and 100 lids 4 by2mor(12by6ft)asshown on plans;Style 1, 2, 3, or 4 with required fasteners or lacing w

28、ire and stiffeners;conforming to ASTM A975.6. Material and Manufacture6.1 The wire used in the manufacture of double-twistedmesh for use in gabions and revet mattresses shall conform tothe specifications shown in 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3,or6.1.4 asappropriate for the style ordered, except that the tensil

29、estrength shall conform to 7.1.6.1.1 Style 1 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom zinc-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A641/A641M, Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.2 Style 2 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom Zn-5A1-MM-coated steel wire conforming to Specifica-tion

30、A856/A856M, Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.3 Style 3 double-twised mesh shall be manufacturedfrom the same type of metallic-coated steel wire as Style 1 withan additional PVC coating extruded onto the metallic-coatedsteel wire. The PVC coating shall conform to the properties in8.2.6.1.3.1 Original

31、 or modified thermoplastic polymers alongwith their application methods can be permitted as a substitutefor PVC coatings, as long as their performance is equivalent tothe performance requirements of the PVC coating.FIG. 1 GabionA975 1126.1.4 Style 4 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom alum

32、inum-coated steel wire conforming to SpecificationA809, soft temper.6.2 Lacing wire and stiffeners shall be made of wire havingthe same coating material as the double-twisted wire meshfurnished on the order and conforming to Specification A641/A641M, A856/A856M,orA809, with a tensile strength inacco

33、rdance with 7.16.3 Fasteners made from zinc-coated steel wire, zinc-5 %aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wire and aluminum-coated steel wire shall conform to Specification A764, Type A,B, or C, Class 3, with a tensile strength in accordance with 7.2.Fasteners made from stainless steel wire shal

34、l conform toSpecification A313/A313M, Type 302, with a tensile strengthin accordance with 7.2.6.4 Gabions and revet mattresses shall be manufacturedwith all components mechanically connected at the productionfacility with the exception of the mattress lid which is producedseparately from the base (s

35、ee Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3). Allgabions (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and revet mattresses (Fig. 3) shallbe supplied in the collapsed form, either folded and bundled orrolled, for shipping.FIG. 2 Mechanically Manufactured GabionFIG. 3 Revet MattressA975 1137. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tensile Strength The t

36、ensile strength of wire used fordouble-twisted mesh, lacing wire, and stiffener, when tested inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, shall bein accordance with the requirements of Specification A641/A641M, A809, and A856/A856M for soft temper wire.7.2 FastenersThe tensile strength of zi

37、nc-coated steelwire, zinc-5 % aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wireand aluminum-coated steel wire used for fasteners shall be inaccordance with the requirements of Specification A764, TypeA, B, or C, Table 2 or Table 3. The tensile strength of stainlesssteel wire used for fasteners shall be in

38、 accordance with therequirements of Specification A313/A313M, Type 302, Table2. Any fastener system shall give the number of fastenersrequired to comply with Table 2 in accordance with thepull-part resistance test (see 13.1.2). The manufacturer orsupplier shall state the number of fasteners required

39、 for allvertical and horizontal connections for single- and multiple-basket joinings and shall include a description of a properlyinstalled fastener including drawings or photographs.7.3 Mesh and Panel to Panel Joint StrengthThe minimumstrength requirements of the mesh, selvedge wire to meshconnecti

40、on, panel to panel connection, and punch test, whentested in accordance with 13.1, shall be as shown in Table 2.8. Physical Properties8.1 Metallic Coating The coating weights shall conformto the requirements of SpecificationA641/A641M, Class 3, forzinc coating or Specification A856/A856M, Class 3, f

41、orZn-5A1-MM coating, or Specification A809 for aluminumcoating.8.2 PVC for Coating The initial properties of PVCcoating material shall have a demonstrated ability to conformto the following requirements:8.2.1 Specific Gravity In the range from 1.30 to 1.35when tested in accordance with Test Method D

42、792.8.2.2 Tensile Strength Not less than 20.6 MPa (2985 psi)when tested in accordance with Test Methods D412.8.2.3 Modulus of ElasticityNot less than 18.6 MPa (2700psi) when tested in accordance with Test Methods D412.8.2.4 HardnessShore“ D” between 50 and 60, whentested in accordance with Test Meth

43、od D2240.8.2.5 Brittleness TemperatureNot higher than 9C(15F), or lower temperature when specified by the purchaser,when tested in accordance with Test Method D746 (see Note2).NOTE 2The maximum brittleness temperature should be at least 8C(15F) below the minimum temperature at which the gabions will

44、 befilled.8.2.6 Resistance to AbrasionThe percentage of the weightloss shall be less than 12 %, when tested in accordance withTest Method D1242.8.2.7 Salt Spray Exposure and Ultraviolet Light Exposure:8.2.7.1 The PVC shall show no effect after 3000 h of saltspray exposure in accordance with Test Met

45、hod B117.8.2.7.2 The PVC shall show no effect of exposure toultraviolet light with test exposure of 3000 h, using apparatusType E and 63C (145F), when tested in accordance withPractice D1499 and G23.8.2.7.3 Evaluation of Coating After Salt Spray and Ultra-violet Exposure TestAfter the salt spray tes

46、t and exposure toultraviolet light as specified in 8.2.7.1 and 8.2.7.2, the PVCcoating shall not show cracks nor noticeable change of color, orblisters or splits. In addition, the specific gravity, tensilestrength, hardness, and resistance to abrasion shall not changemore than 6 %, 25 %, 10 %, and 1

47、0 %, respectively, from theirinitial values.8.2.8 The PVC coating shall not show cracks or breaks afterthe wires are twisted in the fabrication of the mesh.8.3 Salt Spray Resistance for FastenerAfter testing inaccordance with 13.1.3, the fasteners, the selvedge, or meshwire confined by the fasteners

48、 shall show no rusty spots on anypart of the surface excluding the cut ends.TABLE 1 Mesh CharacteristicsAGabion Revet MattressesCharacteristicsMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMesh Type 8 by 10 6 by 8Mesh Opening 83 by 114 mm 83 by 114 mm 64 by 83 mm 64 by 83 mm(3.25 by 4.5in.)(3.25 b

49、y 4.5in.)(2.5 by 3.25in.)2.5by3.25in.)Mesh wire 3.05 mm 2.7 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.120 in.) (0.106 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Selvedge wire 3.8 mm 3.4 mm 2.7 mm 2.7 mm(0.150 in.) (0.134 in.) (0.105 in.) (0.105 in.)Lacing wire 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Fasteners 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm(0.118 in.) (0.118 in.) (0.118 in.) (0.118 in.)Stiffeners:Using lacingwire2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Preformed 3.8 mm 3.4 mm N/A N/A(0.150 in.) (0.134 in.)PVC coatingth