ARMY UFGS-05 05 23 13 10-2008 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF WELDMENTS《焊接件超声波探伤检测》.pdf

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1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-05 05 23.13 10 (November 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-05 05 23 13 10 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2008*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 05 - METALSSECTION 05 05 23.13 10

2、ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF WELDMENTS11/08PART 1 GENERAL1.1 REFERENCES1.2 DEFINITIONS1.2.1 A Scan1.2.2 Acoustically Similar Material1.2.3 Amplitude1.2.4 Attenuation1.2.5 Attenuation-Correction Controls1.2.6 Back Reflection or End Reflection1.2.7 Calibrated Gain Control (Attenuator)1.2.8 Calibration1.2.

3、9 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)1.2.10 Couplant1.2.11 Damping Control1.2.12 Decibel (dB)1.2.13 Delay Control1.2.14 Discontinuity1.2.15 Distance-Amplitude Correction Curve1.2.16 Dynamic Range1.2.17 Effective Depth of Penetration1.2.18 Examination1.2.19 Gain Control1.2.20 Gross1.2.21 Hertz1.2.22 Immersion Tec

4、hniques1.2.23 Indication1.2.24 Initial Pulse Indication1.2.25 Linearity1.2.26 Longitudinal or Compressional Waves1.2.27 Longitudinal Wave Inspection1.2.28 Mid-Screen Reflection1.2.29 Megahertz (MHz)1.2.30 NDT Level I1.2.31 NDT Level II1.2.32 NDT Level IIISECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 1Provided by IHSN

5、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1.2.33 Node1.2.34 Pulse Repetition Rate1.2.35 Range Control1.2.36 Reference Reflector1.2.37 Reflector1.2.38 Refracted Waves1.2.39 Rejectable Discontinuity (Defect)1.2.40 Resolution1.2.41 Ringing1.2.42 Scanning1.2.43 Se

6、arch Unit1.2.44 Sensitivity1.2.45 Shear Waves1.2.46 Shear Wave Inspection1.2.47 Standard Reference Level1.2.48 Surface Waves1.2.49 Test Frequency1.2.50 Video Form1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.3.1 Wave Types1.3.2 Changes in Procedure1.3.3 Ultrasonic Equipment1.4 SUBMITTALS1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE1.5.1 Personn

7、el Qualification1.5.2 Examinations1.5.3 Reference Standards1.5.4 Resolution Test Block1.5.5 Equipment QualificationsPART 2 PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)PART 3 EXECUTION3.1 PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR INSPECTION3.1.1 Weld Spatter3.1.2 Irregularities3.1.3 Weld Backing Strips3.1.4 Dirt3.2 SENSITIVITY CALI

8、BRATION3.2.1 Calibration Procedure3.2.1.1 Longitudinal Wave3.2.1.2 Angle Wave3.2.2 Calibration of the Secondary Standards3.2.3 Equipment With a Calibrated Gain Control (Attenuator)3.2.4 Equipment With Electronic Distance Compensation Circuitry3.2.5 Longitudinal Wave Distance-Amplitude Correction Cur

9、ve3.2.6 Longitudinal Wave Inspections Using Immersion Technique3.3 INSPECTION PROCEDURE3.3.1 Test Frequency3.3.2 Couplants3.3.3 Shear Wave Inspection3.3.4 Longitudinal Flaws3.3.5 Transverse Flaws3.3.6 Longitudinal Wave Inspection3.4 GENERAL ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION REQUIREMENTS3.4.1 Investigation of Que

10、stionable Indications3.4.2 Inspection of RepairsSECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.5 ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION LIMITS3.5.1 Full Penetration Butt Joints and Corner Joints3.5.1.1 Class I3.5.1.2 Class II3.5.1.3 Cla

11、ss III3.5.2 Full Penetration Tee Joints3.5.3 Partial and Full Penetration Tee Joints3.5.4 Tee Joint Discontinuities- End of Section Table of Contents -SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCE

12、SA / NASA UFGS-05 05 23.13 10 (November 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-05 05 23 13 10 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2008*SECTION 05 05 23.13 10ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF WELDMENTS11/08*NOTE: This guide specificat

13、ion covers the requirements for ultrasonic inspections of weldments; including qualifications and procedures.Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove

14、 information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present.Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organizati

15、on designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*PART 1 GENERAL1.1 REFERENCES*NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred

16、 to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title.Use the Reference Wizards Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Sections Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use

17、the Reference Wizards Check Reference feature to update SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-the issue dates.References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specif

18、ication when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process.*The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ASNT)ASN

19、T Q (Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A)ASNT RP SNT-TC-1A (2006) Recommended PracticeAMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS D1.1/D1.1M (2008) Structural Welding Code - SteelASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM E 165 (2002) Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationASTM E 709 (2008) Standard

20、 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination1.2 DEFINITIONS1.2.1 A ScanMethod of data presentation on a cathode ray tube using rectangular coordinates in which a horizontal base line indicates elapsed time when reading from left to right. A vertical deflection in the base line indicates reflect signal a

21、mplitude.1.2.2 Acoustically Similar MaterialMaterial the same as that to be inspected; or another material proven to have acoustical velocity within plus or minus 3 percent and an attenuation within plus or minus 0.009843 dB/mm 0.25 dB/inch of the inspected material for the inspection frequency and

22、wave mode, using the same mode as that to be used for inspection.1.2.3 AmplitudeWhen referring to an indication in A scan presentation, amplitude is the vertical height of the indication measured from peak-to-peak for radio frequency indications and trace-to-peak for video indications.1.2.4 Attenuat

23、ionDissipation or loss of energy as ultrasonic vibrations travel through the material. Attenuation is caused almost entirely by scattering of the SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ultrasonic vibrations gener

24、ated by the search unit.1.2.5 Attenuation-Correction ControlsCircuitry to provide a continuous increase in amplification with respect to time. This circuitry compensates for the reduction in sensitivity with depth as a result of sound beam divergence and its attenuation in material.1.2.6 Back Reflec

25、tion or End ReflectionReflection from the opposite side, end, or boundary of the material into which the ultrasonic energy was introduced.1.2.7 Calibrated Gain Control (Attenuator)Circuitry with which gain can be reduced finite amounts by switching electrical signal attenuation into the circuit.1.2.

26、8 CalibrationProcess of comparing an instrument or device with a standard to determine accuracy or produce a scale.1.2.9 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)An electron tube in which a controlled beam of electrons from the cathode is used to produce an image on a fluorescent screen at the end of the tube.1.2.10 C

27、ouplantAny material, usually a liquid or semiliquid, used between the search unit and the inspection surface to exclude air and to convey the ultrasonic vibrations between the search unit and the material being inspected.1.2.11 Damping ControlControl that varies the duration of transducer ringing.1.

28、2.12 Decibel (dB)Units for the logarithmic expression of the ratio of power levels. Power levels can be functions of voltage, current, or impedance, for example. Decibel units having no values of their own are only significant when a reference is stated, as 10 dB above one reference level or 6 dB be

29、low another reference level.1.2.13 Delay ControlMeans of delaying the pattern obtained on the CRT.1.2.14 DiscontinuityAnything within a material that will cause a detectable interruption in an ultrasonic beam.1.2.15 Distance-Amplitude Correction CurveCurve showing the relationship between signal amp

30、litude and equal-sized reflecting surfaces at various distances from the transducer. Reference SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-standards are used to obtain such curves.1.2.16 Dynamic RangeRatio of maximum

31、to minimum size of reflective areas that can be adequately distinguished on the CRT at a constant gain setting.1.2.17 Effective Depth of PenetrationMaximum depth at which the sensitivity is satisfactory for the quality of test desired.1.2.18 ExaminationWithin the context of this specification, exami

32、nation is equivalent to the word “inspection.“1.2.19 Gain ControlCircuitry designed into the ultrasonic system to vary reflection amplitude. This control is usually calibrated in decibels. It is also called the sensitivity control.1.2.20 GrossBackground displacement of the trace on the CRT from the

33、established baseline due to the gain setting, the characteristics of the test equipment, or the material under examination.1.2.21 HertzOne complete set of recurrent values of a periodic quantity comprises a cycle. In other words, any one set of periodic variations starting at one condition and retur

34、ning once to the same condition is a cycle.1.2.22 Immersion TechniquesTest methods in which the part to be tested and the search units are immersed in water or other suitable liquid couplant. A mechanical device is used to firmly hold and direct the wave angle of the search unit. The search unit doe

35、s not contact the item being inspected.1.2.23 IndicationVisual presentation on the cathode ray screen resulting from a sound beam reflection from a boundary surface or discontinuity.1.2.24 Initial Pulse IndicationUsually called the “initial pulse“. A signal on the CRT screen marking the instant at w

36、hich a voltage impulse is applied to the transmitting crystal. Its rising edge is frequently invisible due to the time lag in the probe shoe and the consequent necessity to ensure coincidence between the time base zero and the instant at which the transmitter pulse actually enters the material under

37、 test.1.2.25 LinearityProperty of an instrument revealed by a linear change in reflected signal SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 7Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-or displacement. The vertical linearity is determined by plotting the change

38、in ratios of signal amplitude from two adjacent reflections from an area of known size. The horizontal linearity is determined by plotting the distance the signal is displaced along the sweep against the change in material thickness or by noting the spacing of multiple back reflections.1.2.26 Longit

39、udinal or Compressional WavesSimple compression-rare-fraction waves in which particle motion within a material is linear and in the direction of wave propagation. Also called straight beams, or compressional or normal waves.1.2.27 Longitudinal Wave InspectionUltrasonic technique, normally using stra

40、ight beam methods, in which longitudinal waves are the dominant form.1.2.28 Mid-Screen ReflectionReflection whose amplitude is equal to one-half the useable screen height on the CRT.1.2.29 Megahertz (MHz)One million hertz per second frequency.1.2.30 NDT Level IAn NDT Level I individual should be qua

41、lified to properly perform specific calibrations, specific NDT, and specific evaluations for acceptance or rejection determinations according to written instructions, and to record results.1.2.31 NDT Level IIAn NDT Level II individual should be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment and to inte

42、rpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes, standards, and specifications.1.2.32 NDT Level IIIAn NDT Level III individual should be capable of establishing techniques and procedures; interpreting codes, standards, specifications, and procedures; and designating the particular NDT me

43、thods, techniques, and procedures to be used.1.2.33 NodeDistance a shear wave travels in a straight line from the inspection surface before being reflected by the opposite surface.1.2.34 Pulse Repetition RateNumber of spaced pulses of sound per second sent into the material being inspected.1.2.35 Ra

44、nge ControlMeans of expanding the pattern obtained on the CRT so that any portion of SECTION 05 05 23.13 10 Page 8Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-the total distance being tested can be presented.1.2.36 Reference ReflectorStandard refl

45、ector 1.52 mm 0.06 inch diameter reference hole in the IIW reference block. Other approved blocks may have a different diameter reflector.1.2.37 ReflectorBoundary, consisting of an opposite side, crack, or separation, or a distinct change in material such as slag or porosity that reflects the ultras

46、onic energy the same as a mirror reflects light.1.2.38 Refracted WavesWaves that have undergone change of velocity and direction by passing from one material to another material with different acoustical properties. Refraction will occur wherever the angle of the incident wave to the interface is other than perpendicular.1.2.39 Rejectable Discontinuity (Defect)Reflector large enough to produce a signal (decibel rating) that exceeds the reject/repa